Showing papers in "NeuroImage in 2006"

TL;DR: An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex into standard gyral-based neuroanatomical regions is both anatomically valid and reliable and may be useful for both morphometric and functional studies of the cerebral cortex.

TL;DR: The methods and software engineering philosophy behind this new tool, ITK-SNAP, are described and the results of validation experiments performed in the context of an ongoing child autism neuroimaging study are provided, finding that SNAP is a highly reliable and efficient alternative to manual tracing.

TL;DR: TBSS aims to improve the sensitivity, objectivity and interpretability of analysis of multi-subject diffusion imaging studies by solving the question of how to align FA images from multiple subjects in a way that allows for valid conclusions to be drawn from the subsequent voxelwise analysis.

TL;DR: It is concluded that self-referential processing in CMS constitutes the core of the authors' self and is critical for elaborating experiential feelings of self, uniting several distinct concepts evident in current neuroscience.

TL;DR: A large-scale meta-analysis of language literature sheds light on the fine-scale functional architecture of the inferior frontal gyrus for phonological and semantic processing, the evidence for an elementary audio-motor loop involved in both comprehension and production of syllables, and the hypothesis that different working memory perception-actions loops are identifiable for the different language components.

TL;DR: The discrimination between the four motor imagery tasks based on classification of single EEG trials improved when, in addition to event-related desynchronization (ERD), event- related synchronization (ERS) patterns were induced in at least one or two tasks.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MRI-derived cortical thickness measures are highly reliable when MRI instrument and data processing factors are controlled but that it is important to consider these factors in the design of multi-site or longitudinal studies, such as clinical drug trials.

TL;DR: Monitoring and removing low-frequency respiration variations led to a significant improvement in the identification of task-related activation and deactivation and only slight differences in regions correlated with the posterior cingulate at rest.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that at least 5 distinct RSN patterns are reproducible across different subjects and that RSNs are a major source of non-modeled signal in BOLD fMRI data, so a full understanding of their dynamics will improve the interpretation of functional brain imaging studies more generally.

TL;DR: The image intensity reproducecibility of the human brain data was significantly improved with distortion correction, suggesting that this method may offer improved reproducibility in morphometry studies.

TL;DR: DTI-based fiber tractography of healthy human subjects suggests a modification of the widely accepted Witelson scheme and a new classification of vertical CC partitions.

TL;DR: This fMRI study used a cartoon task derived from Sarfati et al. (1997) to suggest that ToM and empathy both rely on networks associated with making inferences about mental states of others, but empathic responding requires the additional recruitment of networks involved in emotional processing.

TL;DR: A practicable procedure is demonstrated that exceeds the accuracy of previous automatic methods and can compete with manual delineations in segmentation propagation and decision fusion of fused brain segmentations.

TL;DR: It is found that functional connectivity between the right hippocampus and a set of regions was disrupted in AD, and the disrupted hippocampal connectivity to the MPFC, vACC and PCC provides further support for decreased activity in "default mode network" previously shown in AD.

TL;DR: A new high-resolution atlas template of the human, cerebellum and brainstem, based on the anatomy of 20 young healthy individuals, which improves the alignment of individual fissures, reducing their spatial spread by 60%, and improves the overlap of the deep cerebellar nuclei.

TL;DR: This study has preformed simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) along with BOLD and ASL (arterial spin labeling)-based fMRI during an event-related motor activity in human subjects in order to compare the temporal dynamics of the hemodynamic responses recorded in each method.

TL;DR: A surface-based version of the cluster size exclusion method used for multiple comparisons correction and a new method for generating regions of interest on the cortical surface using a sliding threshold of cluster exclusion followed by cluster growth are implemented.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a complex motor resonance can be built de novo over 5 weeks of rehearsal and activity in premotor and parietal areas during action simulation is enhanced by the ability to execute a learned action irrespective of stimulus familiarity or semantic label.

TL;DR: The Human Motor Area Template (HMAT), a template that can be used for ROI analysis, was developed that characterized the shape, extent, and area of each sensorimotor region in 3-D.

TL;DR: A new cytoarchitectonic map of the human IPC demonstrates regional differences in the cortical microstructure that is suggestive of functional differentiation and provides a robust anatomical base for interpreting functional imaging studies.

TL;DR: A Bayesian procedure to estimate the parameters of this extended forward model is described, characterizing the role of changes in cortico-cortical coupling, in the genesis of ERPs, and showing that category- or context-specific coupling among cortical regions can be assessed explicitly, within a mechanistic, biologically motivated inference framework.

TL;DR: The use of MPMs for the definition of ROIs can be applied to test anatomically specified hypotheses in functional neuroimaging studies in combination with thresholding based on the Gaussian random field theory.

TL;DR: In unmedicated schizophrenic patients, a high striatal dopamine turnover may increase the "noise" in the reward system, thus interfering with the neuronal processing of reward-predicting cues by phasic dopamine release, which may contribute to negative symptoms as such as anhedonia, apathy, and loss of drive and motivation.

TL;DR: A conjunction analysis revealed a distinct musicianship-specific network being co-activated during either task type, indicating areas involved in auditory-sensorimotor integration in professional musicians.

TL;DR: Results indicate that information about surface form and meaning of a lexical item is first accessed at different times in different brain systems and then processed simultaneously, thus supporting cascaded interactive processing models.

TL;DR: The motivation for and advantages of the fROI approach are explained, the criticism of this method is rebutted, and some fROIs may serve as candidate distinct components of the mind/brain worth investigation as such.

TL;DR: This multi-center project conducted epidemiologically based recruitment of a large, demographically balanced sample across a wide age range, using strict exclusion factors and comprehensive clinical/ behavioral measures to create a MRI/clinical/behavioral database from approximately 500 children aged 7 days to 18 years to be shared with researchers and the clinical medicine community.

TL;DR: Structural brain differences in human obesity in several brain areas previously involved in the regulation of taste, reward, and behavioral control are identified, indicating that also the brain is affected by increased adiposity.

TL;DR: The MACACC-Mapping Anatomical Correlations Across Cerebral Cortex methods are introduced and applied to a normal childhood development population, and show that association cortices have the highest correlation strengths.

TL;DR: The maps of optimal parameters allow for assessing the feasibility and improving fMRI of brain regions affected by susceptibility-induced BS losses, and increase the BS by more than 60% in many voxels in the OFC and by at least 30% in the other dropout regions.