Showing papers in "NeuroImage in 2018"

TL;DR: The pipeline is described in detail, following a brief overview of UK Biobank brain imaging and the acquisition protocol and several quantitative investigations carried out as part of the development of both the imaging protocol and the processing pipeline.

TL;DR: It is shown that ComBat removes unwanted sources of scan variability while simultaneously increasing the power and reproducibility of subsequent statistical analyses, and is useful for combining imaging data with the goal of studying life‐span trajectories in the brain.

TL;DR: An expert‐vetted, population‐averaged atlas of the structural connectome derived from diffusion MRI data is reported, providing representative organization of human brain white matter, complementary to traditional histologically‐derived and voxel‐based white matter atlases.

TL;DR: This paper addresses the correspondence problem using a spatial permutation framework to generate null models of overlap by applying random rotations to spherical representations of the cortical surface, an approach for which the approach constitutes a useful advance over widely‐used methods for the comparison of cortical maps.

TL;DR: TractSeg is a novel convolutional neural network‐based approach that directly segments tracts in the field of fiber orientation distribution function (fODF) peaks without using tractography, image registration or parcellation, and is demonstrated to be much faster than existing methods while providing unprecedented accuracy.

TL;DR: A fully automated processing pipeline for the structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the developing neonatal brain is proposed, which has been specifically designed to address considerable differences between adult and neonatal brains, as imaged using MRI.

TL;DR: This review focuses on studies of normative brain development from birth to early adulthood (˜25 years), and places particular emphasis on longitudinal studies and newer techniques that are being used to study microstructural white matter development.

TL;DR: A systematic review to identify all controlled trials examining the effect of aerobic exercise on the hippocampal volumes in humans, and applied meta-analytic techniques to determine if aerobic exercise resulted in volumetric increases as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Experimental results show that the proposed 3D c‐GANs method outperforms the benchmark methods and achieves much better performance than the state‐of‐the‐art methods in both qualitative and quantitative measures.

TL;DR: Cerebellar task topography is described in the largest single cohort studied to date and three distinct representations each for working memory, language, social, and emotional task processing that were largely separate for these four cognitive and affective domains are revealed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a probabilistic atlas of the thalamic nuclei built using ex vivo brain MRI scans and histological data, as well as the application of the atlas to in vivo MRI segmentation is presented.

TL;DR: The proposed framework takes into consideration the graph structure for the evaluation of similarity between a pair of graphs, by employing spectral graph convolutions that allow the generalisation of traditional convolutions to irregular graphs and operates in the graph spectral domain.

TL;DR: Data quality both inflated and obscured associations with age during adolescence, indicating that reliable measures of data quality can be automatically derived from T1‐weighted volumes, and that failing to control for dataquality can systematically bias the results of studies of brain maturation.

TL;DR: Overall, this review concludes that task-concurrent FC-dynamics, when properly characterized, are relevant to behavior, and that their translational value holds considerable promise.

TL;DR: An overview of the common HCP‐D/A imaging protocol including data and rationales for protocol decisions and changes relative to the recently completed HCP Young‐Adult project is provided.

TL;DR: This work attempts to systematically disambiguate multivariate decoding for the study of brain function from the frameworks it grew out of, highlighting two sources of confusion that affect the interpretation of multivariate decode results.

TL;DR: It is shown that temporal ICA can selectively segregate and remove global structured noise while retaining global neural signal in both task‐based and resting state fMRI data, which solves the GSR/no GSR cleanup dilemma.

TL;DR: Critical insight is provided into how the selectedML regression algorithm and sample size influence individualized predictions of behavior/cognition and offer important guidance for choosing the ML regression algorithm or sample size in relevant investigations.

TL;DR: It is concluded that spurious correlations must be carefully considered in connectivity analyses in MEG/EEG source space even when using measures that are immune to zero‐lag correlations, because signal mixing also significantly limits the separability of neuronal phase and amplitude correlations.

TL;DR: It is concluded that brain‐to‐brain synchrony may represent an underlying neural mechanism of the emotional connection between parent and child, which is linked to the child's development of adaptive emotion regulation.

TL;DR: It is found that high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the precuneus of the PC is a promising, non‐invasive treatment for memory dysfunction in patients at early stages of AD.

TL;DR: Basics of nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and comprehensive description of the features of the endogenous saturation spectrum (Z‐spectrum) in MRI are described.

TL;DR: Using task based imaging, regions that respond when cognition combines both stimulus independence with multi‐modal information are established and it is shown that these regions were located at the extreme end of a macroscale gradient, which describes gradual transitions from sensorimotor to transmodal cortex.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that each anesthesia protocol uniquely modulated functional connectivity, and FC obtained under propofol and urethane anesthesia was most similar to the awake rats.

TL;DR: A new regularisation penalty, derived from physically relevant equations of strain (deformation) energy, is proposed and implemented and it is demonstrated that its use leads to improved and more robust alignment of multimodal imaging data.

TL;DR: High‐density FFRs are recorded via EEG and state‐of‐the art source imaging techniques are applied to multichannel data, infering cortical dominance observed in previous neuromagnetic data is likely due to the bias of MEG to superficial brain tissue, underestimating subcortical structures that drive most of the speech‐FFR.

TL;DR: Three methods for skull segmentation are evaluated, namely FSL BET2, the unified segmentation routine of SPM12 with extended spatial tissue priors, and the skullfinder tool of BrainSuite, to rigorously assess their accuracy by comparison with CT‐based skull segmentations on a group of ten subjects.

TL;DR: A general analytical and numerical framework for estimating intra‐ and extra‐neurite water fractions and diffusion coefficients, as well as neurite orientational dispersion, in each imaging voxel is developed, revealing hidden degeneracies in MRI parameter estimation for neuronal tissue.

TL;DR: The effectiveness and generalization capability of the proposed system show its potential for real‐world clinical practice and are the highest achieved in the challenge, suggesting the proposed method is the state‐of‐the‐art.

TL;DR: Thickness performed better than surface area and volume because thickness does not require a Jacobian correction, and non‐parametric permutation adequately controlled the FPRs.