Showing papers in "Neuron in 1995"

TL;DR: The special nature of working memory was first identified in studies of human cognition, and modern neurobiological methods have identified a specific population of neurons, patterns of their intrinsic and extrinsic circuitry, and signaling molecules that are engaged in this process in animals.

TL;DR: It is shown that glutamate can induce either early necrosis or delayed apoptosis in cultures of cerebellar granule cells, suggesting that mitochondrial function is a critical factor that determines the mode of neuronal death in excitotoxicity.

TL;DR: Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase cause a subset of cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and four lines of mice accumulating one of these mutant proteins (G37R) develop severe, progressive motor neuron disease.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the SCN contains a large population of autonomous, single-cell circadian oscillators, and that synapses formed in vitro are neither necessary for operation of these oscillators nor sufficient for synchronizing them.

TL;DR: NACP sequence showed 95% identity with that of rat synuclein 1, a synaptic/nuclear protein previously identified in rat brain, and good homology with Torpedo syn DNA from the electric organ synapse and bovine phosphoneuroprotein 14 (PNP-14), a brain-specific protein present in synapses, suggesting that synaptic aberration observed in senile plaques might be involved in amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that it is possible to stimulate synapses that yield no detectable excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) when the cell is held at -60 mV; yet at positive holding potentials, EPSCs can be elicited that are completely blocked by the NMDAR antagonist, D-APV.

TL;DR: Analysis of AMPARs in principal neurons and interneurons of hippocampus and neocortex and in auditory relay neurons and Bergmann glial cells indicates that the GluR-B subunit in its flip version determines formation of receptors with relatively slow gating, whereas the GLUR-D subunit promotes assembly of more rapidly gated receptors.

TL;DR: Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicates a region of homology with alpha-spectrin, and observations suggest that Arc may play a role in activity-dependent plasticity of dendrites.

TL;DR: A novel role for amino acid neurotransmitters in regulating neocortical neurogenesis is found, and applied alone, GABAA and AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists increase DNA synthesis, indicating that endogenously released amino acids influence neocorticals progenitors in the cell cycle.

TL;DR: The spectrum of neurotrophic actions and the laminar specificity of these actions implicate endogenous neurotrophins as regulatory signals in the development of specific dendritic patterns in mammalian neocortex.

TL;DR: The contextual sensitivity of human contrast thresholds and of superficial layer complex cells in monkey V1 was measured and it was shown that 42% of complex cells demonstrated facilitation for a second bar outside their classical receptive fields with a similar dependency on relative location and orientation.

TL;DR: Findings revealed that the selective expression of a distinct molecule on Cajal-Retzius neurons is critical for the normal lamination of cortical neurons in the mammalian neocortex.

TL;DR: To further the study of synaptic function in a genetically tractable organism and to generate a tool to disable neuronal communication for behavioural studies, a gene encoding tetanus toxin light chain is expressed in Drosophila.

TL;DR: It is suggested that neurotransmitter stimulation and electrical activity enhance the survival of developing RGCs and raise the question of whether the survival control mechanisms of PNS and CNS neurons are different.

TL;DR: When microinjected into sympathetic neurons, an expression vector for a c-Jun dominant negative mutant protects them against NGF withdrawal-induced death, indicating that AP-1 activity is essential for neuronal cell death.

TL;DR: It is suggested that an RNA encodes a soluble presynaptic protein that forms a predicted amphipathic alpha helix typical of the lipid-binding domain in apolipoproteins that may serve a novel function critical to the regulation of vertebrate neural plasticity.

TL;DR: The glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST were studied by immunogold labeling on ultrathin sections of rat brain tissue embedded in acrylic resins at low temperature after freeze substitution to suggest the localizations of glutamate transportters are carefully regulated.

TL;DR: Conditioning significantly increased the magnitude of tone-elicited responses, converted unresponsive cells into tone-responsive ones, and altered functional couplings between LA neurons, consistent with the hypothesis that direct projections from the auditory thalamus to LA are an important link in the circuitry through which rapid behavioral responses are controlled in the presence of conditioned fear stimuli.

TL;DR: Immunohistochemistry in human and rat brain revealed widespread cytoplasmic labeling of huntingtin within neurons, rather than the more selective pattern of axon terminal labeling characteristic of many vesicle-associated proteins.

TL;DR: If NGF was added back to the culture medium after the period of peak ROS generation, apoptosis was completely prevented, suggesting that ROS production serves as an early signal, rather than a toxic agent, to mediate apoptosis.

TL;DR: During cholinergically induced theta oscillation (theta) synaptic plasticity is greatly sensitized and can be induced by a single burst (4 pulses, 100 Hz), suggesting that the similar bursts observed during theta rhythm in vivo may be a natural stimulus for inducing LTP/LTD.

TL;DR: These findings suggest cell type- and region-specific functions for IGF-I and emphasize prominent roles in axon growth and maturation in CNS myelination inomozygous Igf1-/- mice.

TL;DR: Reopening after GABAA receptor desensitization may enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission by prolonging the response to a brief synaptic GABA transient and underlie the expression of long-lasting components of the IPSC.

TL;DR: The nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors and the other neurotransmitter-gated ion channels have key roles in fast synaptic transmission throughout the nervous system and new information about the parts of these receptors that are in the front line of function, the neurotransmitter binding sites, the ion-conducting channel, and the gate provides intriguing clues about the mechanisms.

TL;DR: Amyloid fibril formation alters the phosphorylation state of tau, resulting in the loss of microtubule binding capacity and somatodendritic accumulation, properties also exhibited by tau in the AD brain.

TL;DR: CA2+-permeable glutamate receptors assembled from subunits containing a GLN residue at the RNA editing site in membrane domain 2 show strong inward rectification, and analysis of the voltage dependence of whole-cell responses predicted intracellular free spermine and spermidine concentrations of 51 and 153 muM, respectively.

TL;DR: The results suggest that BF-1 controls the morphogenesis of the telencephalon by regulating the rate of neuroepithelial cell proliferation and the timing of neuronal differentiation.

TL;DR: The differential regulation of HVA currents by the D1 pathway helps to explain the diversity of effects this pathway has on synaptic integration and plasticity in medium spiny neurons.

TL;DR: It is shown that the amino-terminal product of Sonic hedgehog autoproteolysis (SHH-N), an inductive signal expressed by floor plate cells, can induce dopaminergic neurons in vitro and provides the basis for a potential cell transplantation therapy for Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: Examination of cortical sections from 28 aged individuals with a wide range in senile plaque density revealed that a molecular species distinct from the standard A beta is deposited in the brain in a dominant and differential manner.