Showing papers in "Neuron in 1997"

TL;DR: It is reported here that even low levels of another mutant, G85R, cause motor neuron disease characterized by an extremely rapid clinical progression, without changes in SOD1 activity.

TL;DR: The ability of fMRI to map dynamic patterns of brain activation following cocaine infusion in cocaine-dependent subjects is demonstrated and evidence of dynamically changing brain networks associated with cocaine- induced euphoria and cocaine-induced craving is provided.

TL;DR: This study uses recordings from putative single synaptic release sites in hippocampal slices to show that significant heterogeneity exists in facilitation and depletion among synapses, and demonstrates that the release probability at a synapse is directly correlated with the size of its readily releasable vesicle pool.

TL;DR: Transgenic animals that coexpress a FAD-linked human PS1 variant (A246E) and a chimeric mouse/human APP harboring mutations linked to Swedish FAD kindreds (APP swe) develop numerous amyloid deposits much earlier than age-matched mice expressing APP swe and wild-type Hu PS1 or APP swe alone.

TL;DR: Findings reveal a previously unrecognized, CaMK-dependent mechanism by which neurotrophins activate CREB and suggest that CREB plays a central role in mediating neurotrophin responses in neurons.

TL;DR: It is suggested that intranuclear aggregation of the expanded protein is a unifying feature of CAG/polyglutamine diseases and may be initiated or catalyzed by a glutamine-containing fragment of the disease protein.

TL;DR: Phylogenetic analysis supports the existence of a family of mammalian per genes in mammals and advances the knowledge of candidate clock elements in mammals.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that p35, the neuronal-specific activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5, plays a key role in proper neuronal migration and demonstrates that the formation of cortical laminar structure depends on the action of the p35/cdk5 kinase.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that IB4-binding neurons switch from dependence on NGF in embryonic life to dependence onGDNF in postnatal life and are likely regulated by GDNF in maturity.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a number of G protein-coupled receptors activate the same class of postsynaptic K+ channel, which contains GIRK2, and that the same receptor can couple to different effector systems according to its subcellular location in the neuron.

TL;DR: The unique niche that light microscopy occupies in biology is based on the ability to perform observations on living tissue at relatively high spatial resolution, but this resolution is limited by the wavelength of light and does not rival that of electron microscopy.

TL;DR: Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that has capin the immune system in work by DeGroote and Fang and the activation of bacterial resistance is achieved by by observations in the cardiovascular and immune sysS-nitrosylation of proteins involved in defense

TL;DR: These studies implicate Crx as a potentially important regulator of photoreceptor cell development and gene expression and also identify it as a candidate gene for CORDII and other retinal diseases.

TL;DR: Results identify neuropilins as a family of receptors (or components of receptors) for at least one semaphorin subfamily and suggest that the specificity of action of different members of this subfamily may be determined by the complement of neuro pilins expressed by responsive cells.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that a 1:1 SUR1:K IR 6.2 stoichiometry is both necessary and sufficient for assembly of active K ATP channels, and that a mixture of strongly and weakly rectifying triple fusion proteins, rescued by SUR1, produced the three channel types expected of a tetrameric pore.

TL;DR: The results provide a molecular basis for two distinct, mechanistically separable effects of melatonin on SCN physiology.

TL;DR: It is shown that two types of inhibitory neurons in the cerebellar cortex fire spontaneously and regularly in the absence of synaptic input but generate an irregular firing pattern in the presence of tonic synaptic inhibition, suggesting that the time window for synaptic integration is a dynamic variable modulated by the level of Tonic inhibition.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of neuropilin-semaphorin-III/D-mediated chemorepulsive signals play a major role in guidance of PNS efferents.

TL;DR: These antagonistic actions of endogenous BDNF and NT-3 provide a mechanism by which dendritic growth and retraction can be dynamically regulated during cortical development, and suggest that the multiple neurotrophins expressed in developing cortex represent distinct components of an extracellular signaling system for regulating dendrite growth.

TL;DR: Growing cones of embryonic Xenopus spinal neurons exhibited chemoattractive turning toward the source of netrin-1 but showed chemorepulsive responses in the presence of a competitive analog of cAMP or an inhibitor of protein kinase A.

TL;DR: A new multigene family of G protein-linked receptors (V2Rs) that are specifically expressed in the VNO that are related to the Ca2+-sensing receptor and metabotropic glutamate receptors.

TL;DR: Endocytotic uptake of the styryl dye FM1-43 at synaptic terminals is used to study properties of individual synapses formed by axons of single hippocampal neurons in tissue culture, demonstrating that the optically estimated distribution of p at autapses in single-neuron microislands predicts the rate of blocking of NMDA responses by the noncompetitive antagonist MK-801 at the same synapses.

TL;DR: Xe's represent a new class of potent, membrane permeable IP3 receptor blockers exhibiting a high selectivity over ryanodine receptors and are a valuable tool for investigating the structure and function of IP3 receptors and Ca2+ signaling in neuronal and nonneuronal cells.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that NMDAR-LTD and mGluR-L TD are mechanistically distinct forms of synaptic plasticity.

TL;DR: Optically imaged presynaptic activity in glomerular modules of the zebrafish OB induced by a class of natural odorants after labeling of primary afferents with a calcium-sensitive dye provides direct evidence that identity and concentration of odorants are encoded byglomerular activity patterns and reveal a coarse chemotopic organization of the array of glomersular modules.

TL;DR: The results suggest a mechanism by which the relative strength and dynamics of input and associational pathways of neocortex are regulated during changes in behavioral state.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that one potential source of remyelinating oligodendrocytes-immature, cycling cells endogenous to adult white matter-is examined, and that this population responds to demyelination by differentiating into myelination oligodends engaging in repair of the lesion.

TL;DR: It is shown that MAPK translocates into the nucleus of the presynaptic but not the postsynaptic cell during 5-HT-induced long-term facilitation, which appears to be specifically recruited and necessary for the long- term form of facilitation.

TL;DR: Rapid conditioning of fear responses to potentially dangerous stimuli depends on plasticity in the amygdala, while cortical areas may be particularly involved in higher cognitive (mnemonic and attentional) processing of fear experiences.

TL;DR: It is shown that mice homozygous for a targeted mutation in semaphorin III/D show severe abnormality in peripheral nerve projection, and this abnormality is seen in the trigeminal, facial, vagus, accessory, and glossopharyngeal nerves but not in the oculomotor nerve.