Showing papers in "Neuron in 1999"

TL;DR: A genetic mosaic system in Drosophila is described, in which a dominant repressor of a cell marker is placed in trans to a mutant gene of interest, which allows for the study of gene functions in neuroblast proliferation, axon guidance, and dendritic elaboration in the complex central nervous system.

TL;DR: The increased activity in visual cortex in the absence of visual stimulation may reflect a top-down bias of neural signals in favor of the attended location, which derives from a fronto-parietal network.

TL;DR: It is shown that Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which is made by Purkinje cells, regulates the division of granule cell precursors (GCPs), and treatment of GCPs with Shh prevents differentiation and induces a potent, long-lasting proliferative response.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that DCX is expressed in migrating neurons throughout the central and peripheral nervous system during embryonic and postnatal development and likely directs neuronal migration by regulating the organization and stability of microtubules.

TL;DR: The utility of fMR adaptation for revealing functional characteristics of neurons in fMRI studies is demonstrated, namely, reduction of the fMR signal due to repeated presentation of identical images.

TL;DR: The availability of these molecular tools, coupled with tract tracing, has resulted in striking progress in dissecting an extensive network of hypothalamic circuitry that regulates feeding, and the outline of the hypothalamic system for regulation of feeding is now more clear.

TL;DR: A novel search algorithm is developed, used to search the Drosophila genomic sequence database, and it is shown that expression is restricted to subsets of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) for a number of these genes.

TL;DR: It is concluded that exposure of a three amino acid motif (RKR) can explain how assembly of an ion channel complex is coupled to intracellular trafficking.

TL;DR: These findings show that genetic targeting can be used to ablate scar-forming astrocytes and demonstrate roles for astroCytes in regulating leukocyte trafficking, repairing the BBB, protecting neurons, and restricting nerve fiber growth after injury in the adult central nervous system.

TL;DR: It is reported that Shank proteins also bind to Homer, and Shank may cross-link Homer and PSD-95 complexes in the PSD and play a role in the signaling mechanisms of both mGluRs and NMDA receptors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors thank Eric Kandel, Richard Morris, Peter Rapp, and Larry Squire for their thoughtful comments and criticisms on versions of this manuscript, which is supported by grants from NIMH and NIA.

TL;DR: It is shown that Doublecortin is expressed in the brain throughout the period of corticogenesis in migrating and differentiating neurons, and Immunohistochemical studies show its localization in the soma and leading processes of tangentially migrating neuron, and a strong axonal labeling is observed in differentiating neuron.

TL;DR: A novel family of postsynaptic density proteins, termed Shank, that binds via its PDZ domain to the C terminus of PSD-95-associated protein GKAP, and may function as a scaffold protein in the PSD, potentially cross-linking NMDA receptor/PSD- 95 complexes and coupling them to regulators of the actin cytoskeleton.

TL;DR: It is suggested that Jnk1 andJnk2 regulate region-specific apoptosis during early brain development by reducing cell death in the lateral edges of hindbrain prior to neural tube closure and increasing apoptosis and caspase activation in the mutant forebrain.

TL;DR: It is argued that the ABL is involved in the encoding of fear memory and the modulation of memory functions of other structures, including the hippocampus, as well as in a distributed network that encodes the fear memory.

TL;DR: It is shown that Reelin binds directly and specifically to the ectodomains of VLDLR and ApoER2 in vitro and that blockade of V LDLR and apoE receptor 2 correlates with loss of Reelin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Disabled-1 in cultured primary embryonic neurons.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that leptin directly and differentially engages NPY and POMC neurons that project to the LHA, linking circulating leptin and neurons that regulate feeding behavior and body weight homeostasis.

TL;DR: These mice demonstrate that initial neuronal cytoplasmic toxicity is followed by cleavage of htt, nuclear translocation of htt N-terminal fragments, and selective neurodegeneration, clearly showing that aggregates are not essential to initiation of neuronal death.

TL;DR: No evidence is found that the parahippocampal place area is involved in matching perceptual information to stored representations in memory, in planning routes, or in monitoring locomotion through the local or distal environment but some evidence that it may be involved in encoding new perceptual information about the appearance and layout of scenes.

TL;DR: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor TrkB regulate both short-term synaptic functions and long-term potentiation (LTP) of brain synapses, raising the possibility that BDNF/TrkB may be involved in cognitive functions.

TL;DR: The data suggest that Reelin directs neuronal migration by binding to VLDLR and ApoER2, preferably the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2).

TL;DR: It is found that overexpression of mutant, Ca2+ -insensitive calmodulin (CaM) ablates Ca2- -dependent inactivation in a "dominant-negative" manner, demonstrating that CaM is the actual Ca 2+ sensor for inactivation and suggesting that Ca M is constitutively tethered to the channel complex.

TL;DR: This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grants MH 40899 and DA 10044 and Elisabeth Griggs for help with preparation of the figures.

TL;DR: It is suggested that AMPARs, but not NMDARs, cycle into and out of the synaptic membrane at a rapid rate and that certain forms of synaptic plasticity may utilize this dynamic process.

TL;DR: An experiment with paranoid schizophrenic patients whose on- and offset of auditory hallucinations could be monitored within one functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session is described, demonstrating an increase of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in Heschl's gyrus during the patients' hallucinations.

TL;DR: It is found that glomeruli were tuned to detect particular molecular features and that maps of similar molecules were highly correlated, suggesting that odorants and their concentrations can be encoded by distinct spatial patterns of glomerular activation.

TL;DR: The findings strongly indicate that a part of Broca's area is critically implicated in processing syntactic information, whereas the lower portion of the left inferior frontal gyrus is selectively involved in processing the semantic aspects of a sentence.

TL;DR: Findings show that HB9 has an essential function in consolidating the identity of postmitotic MNs, and in mice lacking Hb9 function, MNs are generated on schedule and in normal numbers but transiently acquire molecular features of V2 interneurons.

TL;DR: This work has investigated whether increasing the intrinsic growth state of primary sensory neurons by a conditioning peripheral nerve lesion increases regrowth of their central axons during regeneration following adult mammalian CNS injury.