Showing papers in "Neuron in 2000"

TL;DR: Each of 25 independently generated transgenic lines expressed XFP in a unique pattern, even though all incorporated identical regulatory elements (from the thyl gene), for example, all retinal ganglion cells or many cortical neurons were XFP positive in some lines, whereas only a few ganglions or only layer 5 cortical pyramids were labeled in others.

TL;DR: Together, these studies showed that the mechanisms of sodium channel function and regulation, purified sodium channel protein contained the essential and gives a perspective for future research on the ex-elements for ion conduction and voltage-dependent panding family of Sodium channel proteins.

TL;DR: It is shown that human narcoleptics have an 85%-95% reduction in the number of Hcrt neurons, and the presence of gliosis in the hypocretin cell region is consistent with a degenerative process being the cause of the HcrT cell loss in narcoLEpsy.

TL;DR: A technique that combines structural and functional MRI with magnetoencephalography (MEG) to obtain spatiotemporal maps of human brain activity with millisecond temporal resolution was used to obtain dynamic statistical parametric maps of cortical activity during semantic processing of visually presented words.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that alpha-Syn is an essential presynaptic, activity-dependent negative regulator of DA neurotransmission is supported.

TL;DR: The present alphabetical nomenclature does not reveal the structural relationships among the α1 subunits of Ca2+ channels, but it is apparent that these two alphabeticals will overlap at α1L, which may not mediate an L-type Ca2- current and therefore may create confusion.

TL;DR: Neural induction by SDIA provides a new powerful tool for both basic neuroscience research and therapeutic applications.

TL;DR: This dissertation aims to provide a history of web exceptionalism from 1989 to 2002, a period chosen in order to explore its roots as well as specific cases up to and including the year in which descriptions of “Web 2.0” began to circulate.

TL;DR: It is proposed that ependymal Noggin production creates a neurogenic environment in the adjacent SVZ by blocking endogenous BMP signaling.

TL;DR: It is reported that AMPARs are differentially sorted between recycling and degradative pathways following endocytosis, and activity regulates AMPAR endocytic sorting, providing a potential mechanistic link between rapid and chronic changes in synaptic strength.

TL;DR: Recorded responses of V4 neurons to stimuli across a range of luminance contrasts and measured the change in response when monkeys attended to them in order to discriminate a target stimulus from nontargets, consistent with an increase in effective stimulus strength.

TL;DR: The basal and enhanced slowing responses are distinct and separable neuromodulatory components of a genetically tractable paradigm of behavioral plasticity.

TL;DR: The combined data suggest that subjects with schizophrenia share a common abnormality in presynaptic function, and a predictive, testable model is set forth.

TL;DR: To facilitate the genetic study of sleep, it is documented that rest behavior in Drosophila melanogaster is a sleep-like state, and normal homeostatic regulation depends on the timeless but not the period central clock gene.

TL;DR: The crystal packing of the ligand binding cores suggests modes for subunit-subunit contact in the intact receptor and mechanisms by which allosteric effectors modulate receptor activity.

TL;DR: Firing patterns of hippocampal complex-spike neurons were examined for the capacity to encode information important to the memory demands of a task even when the overt behavior and location of the animal are held constant, suggesting some of the information necessary for representing specific memory episodes is encoded.

TL;DR: Gain- and loss-of-function analyses in transgenic mice demonstrate that Shh is both necessary and sufficient for Olg gene expression in vivo, and isolated a pair of oligodendrocyte lineage genes (Olg-1 and Olg-2) that encode bHLH proteins and are tightly associated with development of oligoderms in the vertebrate central nervous system.

TL;DR: It is shown that isolated stem cells from the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex exhibit a distinct order of cell-type production: neuroblasts first and glioblasts later, accompanied by changes in their capacity to make neurons versus glia and in their response to the mitogen EGF.

TL;DR: In adult rats, olfactory ensheathing glia transplants successfully led to functional and structural recovery after complete spinal cord transection, and OEG transplantation provides a useful repair strategy in adult mammals with traumatic spinal cord injuries.

TL;DR: Assessment of the patterns of altered gene expression in the affected brain circuits of subjects with schizophrenia using cDNA microarray technology or related techniques, and comparison of the chromosomal locations of these genes with regions implicated in schizophrenia through linkage studies, may provide convergent approaches to the identification of specific vulnerability genes.

TL;DR: These data identify Oligo genes as the earliest known markers of oligodendrocyte lineage determination and suggest they play a causal role in this process.

TL;DR: It is suggested that Notch1 promotes radial glial identity during embryogenesis, and that radial glia may be lineally related to stem cells in the adult nervous system.

TL;DR: These studies suggest that, with experience, striatal neurons can develop new responses to environmental stimuli, and this plasticity is likely to affect basal ganglia circuits in OCD and related disorders.

TL;DR: White matter diffusion anisotropy in the temporo-parietal region of the left hemisphere was significantly correlated with reading scores within the reading-impaired adults and within the control group, demonstrating specificity of the group difference to the microstructural characteristics measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

TL;DR: It is shown that activation of nAChRs on presynaptic terminals in the VTA enhances glutamatergic inputs to DA neurons, which can explain the long-term excitation of brain reward areas induced by a brief nicotine exposure.

TL;DR: It is shown that AMPA receptors underwent clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which was accelerated by insulin in a GluR2 subunit-dependent manner, resulting in long-term depression of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 neurons.

TL;DR: It is found that expression of the GB1 subunit on the cell surface is prevented through a C-terminal retention motif RXR(R), reminiscent of the ER retention/retrieval motif RKR identified in subunits of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a timing-based associative form of long-term potentiation and depression (LTP/LTD) at this synapse in S1.

TL;DR: This work relates an adaptive property of a sensory system directly to its function as a carrier of information about input signals, and gives direct evidence that the scaling of the input/output relation is set to maximize information transmission for each distribution of signals.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that the hippocampus represents the animal's position in the context of a trajectory through space and that the EC represents regularities across different trajectories that could allow for generalization across experiences.