Showing papers in "Neuron in 2004"

TL;DR: This work reviews those forms of LTP and LTD for which mechanisms have been most firmly established and examples are provided that show how these mechanisms can contribute to experience-dependent modifications of brain function.

TL;DR: High-resolution recombination mapping and candidate gene sequencing in 46 families found six disease-segregating mutations in a gene encoding a large, multifunctional protein, LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), which may be central to the pathogenesis of several major neurodegenerative disorders associated with parkinsonism.

TL;DR: The cloning of a novel gene that contains missense mutations segregating with PARK8-linked PD in five families from England and Spain is described and this protein is named dardarin, derived from the Basque word dardara, meaning tremor, because of the tremor observed in PD.

TL;DR: The present results indicate that brain regions associated with abstract reasoning and cognitive control are recruited to resolve difficult personal moral dilemmas in which utilitarian values require "personal" moral violations, violations that have previously been associated with increased activity in emotion-related brain regions.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the referential meaning of action words has a correlate in the somatotopic activation of motor and premotor cortex, which rules out a unified "meaning center" in the human brain and supports a dynamic view according to which words are processed by distributed neuronal assemblies with cortical topographies that reflect word semantics.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that TRPA1 activation elicits a painful sensation and provide a potential molecular model for why noxious cold can paradoxically be perceived as burning pain.

TL;DR: The neural mechanisms of fear extinction in humans are explored and activation in the vmPFC was primarily linked to the expression of fear learning during a delayed test of extinction, indicating that the mechanisms of extinction learning may be preserved across species.

TL;DR: Reliance on reserve is emerging as an important factor that determines who ages gracefully and who declines rapidly, and increased recruitment of brain areas in older adults may reflect a form of compensation.

TL;DR: The adult neurogenic niches can be viewed as "displaced" neuroepithelium, pockets of cells and local signals that preserve enough embryonic character to maintain neurogenesis for life.

TL;DR: The hippocampus serves a critical role in declarative memory--the authors' capacity to recall everyday facts and events--and recent characterizations of neuronal firing patterns in behaving animals and humans have suggested how neural representations in the hippocampus underlie those elemental cognitive processes in the service of declaratives memory.

TL;DR: The results support the second model of Or83b function, which encodes an atypical odorant receptor that plays an essential general role in olfaction and disrupts behavioral and electrophysiological responses to many odorants.

TL;DR: Experiments in rodents suggest that soluble oligomers of the amyloid beta protein (Abeta) may discretely interfere with synaptic mechanisms mediating aspects of learning and memory, including long-term potentiation.

TL;DR: A consistent neural response in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex was reported that correlated with subjects' behavioral preferences for Coke and Pepsi and brand knowledge for one of the drinks had a dramatic influence on expressed behavioral preferences and on the measured brain responses.

TL;DR: This work isolated a large RNase-sensitive granule (size: 1000S approximately) as a binding partner of conventional kinesin (KIF5) and identified a total of 42 proteins with mRNAs for CaMKIIalpha and Arc in the granule.

TL;DR: Results suggest that opposing activities of the orphan nuclear receptors Rora and Rev-erb alpha, which represses Bmal1 expression, are important in the maintenance of circadian clock function.

TL;DR: Using two-photon time-lapse imaging of dendritic spines in acute hippocampal slices from neonatal rats, it is found that the induction of long-term depression by low-frequency stimulation is accompanied by a marked shrinkage of spines, which can be reversed by subsequent high- frequencies that induces LTP.

TL;DR: Experimental characterization of spike timing-dependent plasticity at various synapses, the underlying cellular mechanisms, and the associated changes in neuronal excitability and dendritic integration are summarized.

TL;DR: An evolutionary basis for human elementary arithmetic is suggested by the finding that when participants viewed sets of items with a variable number, the bilateral intraparietal sulci responded selectively to number change.

TL;DR: This review will provide evidence of sleep-dependent memory consolidation andSleep-dependent brain plasticity and is divided into five sections: an overview of sleep stages, memory categories, and the distinct stages of memory development.

TL;DR: Some of the cognitive and physiological deficits observed on RTS are not simply due to the reduction of CBP during development but may also result from the continued requirement throughout life for both the CREB co-activation and the histone acetylation function of CBp.

TL;DR: The results showed that the basic circuit underlying imitation learning consists of the inferior parietal lobule and the posterior part of the superior frontal gyrus plus the adjacent premotor cortex (mirror neuron circuit), plus structures involved in motor preparation (dorsal prem motor cortex, superior parietal lobe, rostral mesial areas).

TL;DR: Leptin receptors on POMC neurons are required but not solely responsible for leptin's regulation of body weight homeostasis, as tested using the Cre/loxP system.

TL;DR: The results reveal a distinct mechanism for neuronal excitation and synchrony and highlight a functional link between astrocytic glutamate and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors.

TL;DR: The behavioral phenotype is due to an acute requirement for CBP HAT activity in the adult as it is rescued by both suppression of transgene expression or by administration of the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A in adult animals.

TL;DR: It is found using fMRI that the secondary but not the primary somatosensory cortex is activated both when the participants were touched and when they observed someone or something else getting touched by objects.

TL;DR: It is shown that Abeta immunotherapy reduces not only extracellular Abeta plaques but also intracellular AbETA accumulation and most notably leads to the clearance of early tau pathology.

TL;DR: It is shown that the vast majority of neurons in all brain regions derive from radial glia, and that radial glial populations within different CNS regions are not heterogeneous with regard to their potential to generate neurons versus glia.

TL;DR: If the match between the length and optics of the eye is under homeostatic control, why do children so commonly develop myopia, and why does the myopia not limit itself?

TL;DR: The many subtleties of transmission mediated by gap junctions and the mechanisms whereby these junctions contribute to synchronous firing are reviewed.

TL;DR: Atomic resolution structures of nicotine and carbamylcholine binding to AChBP, a water-soluble homolog of the ligand binding domain of nicotinic receptors and their family members, GABAA,GABAC, 5HT3 serotonin, and glycine receptors are presented.