Showing papers in "Neuron in 2009"

TL;DR: It is shown that five different neurodegenerative syndromes cause circumscribed atrophy within five distinct, healthy, human intrinsic functional connectivity networks, and a direct link between intrinsic connectivity and gray matter structure is discovered.

TL;DR: Therapeutic strategies based on APOE epsilon4 propose to reduce the toxic effects of apoE4 or to restore the physiological, protective functions of apiE, as well as its role in synaptic plasticity and neuro inflammation.

TL;DR: A model of attention is described that exhibits each of these different forms of attentional modulation, depending on the stimulus conditions and the spread of the attention field in the model, which helps reconcile proposals that have been taken to represent alternative theories of attention.

TL;DR: A mouse model of an anxiety/depressive-like state induced by chronic corticosterone treatment is described, and mice deficient in one of these genes, beta-arrestin 2, displayed a reduced response to fluoxetine in multiple tasks, suggesting that beta-Arrestin signaling is necessary for the antidepressant effects of fluoxettine.

TL;DR: The results reproduce data on premovement activity in motor and premotor cortex, and suggest that synaptic plasticity may be a more rapid and powerful modulator of network activity than generally appreciated.

TL;DR: It is argued that monitoring and manipulating synaptic AMPAR trafficking represents an attractive means to study cognitive function and dysfunction in animal models.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that high levels of amyloid deposition are associated with aberrant default network functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in asymptomatic and minimally impaired older individuals, similar to the pattern of dysfunction reported in AD patients.

TL;DR: Current understanding and emerging concepts of how local inhibitory circuits in the amygdala control the acquisition, expression, and extinction of conditioned fear at different levels are reviewed.

TL;DR: This data set provides the first functional description of the excitatory synaptic wiring diagram of a physiologically relevant and anatomically well-defined cortical column at single-cell resolution.

TL;DR: It is concluded that soluble Abeta oligomers perturb synaptic plasticity by altering glutamate recycling at the synapse and promoting synapse depression.

TL;DR: In this review, a summary and discussion of recent progress in the field is discussed and the prospects for better understanding of long-lasting changes in synaptic strength, learning, and memory and implications for neurological diseases are highlighted.

TL;DR: From these studies, the basic outline of the neurobiological mechanism for primate choice is beginning to emerge and is now known to include a multicomponent valuation stage, implemented in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and associated parts of striatum, and a choice stage, implementation in lateral prefrontal and parietal areas.

TL;DR: Transgenic mice expressing an evolved G protein-coupled receptor (hM3Dq) selectively activated by the pharmacologically inert, orally bioavailable drug clozapine-N-oxide are created and demonstrated a powerful chemical-genetic tool for remotely controlling the activity of discrete populations of neurons in vivo.

TL;DR: It is concluded that astrocytes modulate the accumulation of sleep pressure and its cognitive consequences through a pathway involving A1 receptors.

TL;DR: The rapidly expanding work on CCCs promotes the understanding of fundamental mechanisms that control brain development and functions under normal and pathophysiological conditions.

TL;DR: The extensive and diverse requirements for properly regulated cytokine signaling during normal nervous system development revealed by these studies sets the foundation for ongoing and future work aimed at understanding how cytokines induced normally and pathologically during critical stages of fetal development alter nervous system function and behavior later in life.

TL;DR: When attention is directed to a stimulus inside a neuron's receptive field, these correlated fluctuations in rate are reduced and this attention-dependent reduction of ongoing cortical activity improves the signal-to-noise ratio of pooled neural signals substantially more than attention- dependent increases in firing rate.

TL;DR: It is shown, using a neural decoding approach, that firing sequences corresponding to long runs through a large environment are replayed with high fidelity and that such replay can begin at remote locations on the track, which suggests that extended replay is composed of chains of shorter subsequences.

TL;DR: Findings show that opioidergic signaling in pain-modulating areas and the projections to downstream effectors of the descending pain control system are crucially important for placebo analgesia.

TL;DR: An automated sorting procedure is described that combines independent component analysis and image segmentation for extracting cells' locations and their dynamics with minimal human supervision and found microzones of Purkinje cells that were stable across behavioral states and in which synchronous Ca(2+) spiking rose significantly during locomotion.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the temporal windows set by the theta cycles allow for local circuit interactions and thus a considerable degree of computational independence in subdivisions of the EC-hippocampal loop.

TL;DR: It is found that after sustained wakefulness cortical neurons fire at higher frequencies in all behavioral states, and changes in firing patterns in NREM sleep correlate with changes in slow-wave activity, a marker of sleep homeostasis.

TL;DR: The consequences of gain versus loss of function with an emphasis on microglia as sensors and effectors of immune function in the brain are explored, and the potential role of the peripheral environment in neurodegenerative diseases is discussed.

TL;DR: It is shown that frontopolar cortex tracks the relative advantage in favor of switching to a foregone alternative when choices are made voluntarily, and complementary prefrontal computations essential for promoting short- and long-term behavioral flexibility are revealed.

TL;DR: It is shown that the protein Miro1 links mitochondria to KIF5 motor proteins, allowing mitochondaria to move along microtubules, and this linkage is inhibited by micromolar levels of Ca2+ binding to Miro 1.

TL;DR: A functional quantification of the subunit composition of AMPARs in the CNS is provided and novel roles for AMPAR subunits in receptor trafficking are suggested and suggested.

TL;DR: It is proposed that EB3-labeled growing microtubule ends regulate the localization of p140Cap, control cortactin function, and modulate actin dynamics within dendritic spines, thus linking dynamic microtubules to spine changes and synaptic plasticity.

TL;DR: It is shown that neurons in the recently identified GABAergic rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) project heavily to midbrain dopamine neurons, and show phasic activations and/or Fos induction after aversive stimuli, which suggests that aversive inputs from widespread brain regions and stimulus modalities converge onto the RMTg.

TL;DR: This review covers new research on four components of this transformation process: planning, decision making, forward state estimation, and relative-coordinate representations.

TL;DR: The similarity of sparseness patterns for both neural events and distinct spread of activity may reflect similarity of local processing and differences in the flow of information through cortical circuits, respectively.