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Showing papers in "Neuroscience in 2002"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that animals that learn a spatial memory task faster have more brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein in the hippocampus, and a popularly consumed diet can influence crucial aspects of neuronal and behavioral plasticity associated with the function of BDNF.

819 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of the anatomic organization and intersection of pathways in the amygdala in rhesus monkeys with the aid of bidirectional, retrograde and anterograde tracers provided direct evidence that the connections of anterior temporal visual and auditory association cortices occupy overlapping territories with the orbitofrontal cortices, suggesting a closely linked triadic network.

707 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: While cross-modal plasticity appears to be useful in enhancing the perceptions of compensatory sensory modalities, the functional significance of motor reorganization following peripheral injury remains unclear and some forms of sensory reorganization may even be associated with deleterious consequences like phantom pain.

704 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To define the peripheral fibers involved in transmitting and modulating skeletal pain, immunohistochemistry with antigen retrieval, confocal microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction of the bone was used to examine the sensory and sympathetic innervation of mineralized bone, bone marrow and periosteum of the normal mouse femur.

605 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase may provide a desirable feature of cholinergic therapies, including those aimed at treating Alzheimer's disease, and is likely to play a constitutive (rather than just back-up) role in the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the normal brain.

562 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The anatomical organization and physiological function of each of the following neuromodulatory transmitters, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, and histamine, in the cortex will be described and the involvement of these transmitters in cortical plasticity will be discussed.

498 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Brian I. Hyland1, John N. J. Reynolds1, J Hay1, C.G Perk1, R Miller1 
TL;DR: The data suggest that the basic firing modes described for dopamine cells in reduced or anaesthetised preparations do reflect natural patterns of activity for these neurones, but also that the details of this activity are dependent upon modulation of afferent inputs by behavioural stimuli.

497 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the lateral hypothalamic/perifornical projection represents an anatomical substrate by which interoceptive-related signals may influence forebrain dopamine function.

494 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the intraneuronal accumulation of amyloid β1–42 in Alzheimer’s disease brains occurs predominantly in neurons that express the α7 receptor.

430 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the leptin receptor-deficient animals show impaired LTP in CA1 and poor spatial memory due, at least in part, to a deficiency in leptin receptors in the hippocampus.

428 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data further validate intrahippocampal injection of kainate in mice as a model of temporal lobe epilepsy and suggest that synaptic reorganization in the lesioned hippocampus is necessary for the development of organized recurrent seizures.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study indicates that astrocytes are distributed rather evenly without any prominent areal or laminar differences and that the individual astroCytes have their own domains; the periphery of the domain of a givenAstrocyte is interdigitated intricately with the processes of adjacent astroicytes whereas its inner core portion is not penetrated by them.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Reviewing the influence of different kinds of molecules that affect sleep and waking by acting on GABA receptors finds that GABA(C) receptor agonists and antagonists could open up a new era for therapy of troubles such as insomnia, epilepsy and narcolepsy.

Journal ArticleDOI
Kevin Fox1
TL;DR: This review looks at plasticity mechanisms in three periods of life: early post-natal development, adolescence and adulthood, and concludes that horizontal and/or diagonal pathways between barrels are responsible for plasticity expression.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The detailed distribution of histamine H(3) receptor mRNAs in rat brain was analyzed by in situ hybridization using a 33P-labelled riboprobe and was combined for the first time with the detailed autoradiographic distribution of the receptor determined in the same animals with [(125)I]iodoproxyfan, a selective radioligand.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The neurotropic virus pseudorabies has been utilised in conjunction with the immunocytochemical localisation of a variety of neuroactive peptides and receptors to better define the pathways in the rat hypothalamus directed polysynaptically to the major thermogenic endpoint, brown adipose tissue.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is likely that aggregated Abeta peptide triggers degeneration of septal neurons, including those expressing the cholinergic phenotype, by phosphorylation of the tau protein activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, the two kinases known to be involved in the formation of hyperphosphorylated tau in the AD brain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A distinct pattern is emerging for the cannabinoid system with regard to its colocalization with dopamine and serotonin receptors and, therefore, it is likely that different mechanisms underlie its cross-talk with these neurotransmitter systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that there is cross-regulation between BMP-, FGF- and SHH-expressing signaling centers in the prosencephalon which regulate morphogenesis of, and regional specification within, the telencephalic and optic vesicles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The magnitude and time course of changes in MHC II expression and T-cell numbers in lesioned DRGs differ from the responses within motor nuclei after axotomy, suggesting that the influx of inflammatory cells may contribute to neurone survival in the short term.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that shrinkage of the VLPO with advancing age may explain sleep deficits in elderly humans, and galanin expression may serve to identify sleep-active neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area of the mammalian brain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study provide a new picture of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the complexity of neuropathic pain and suggest that chronic pain shares common pathobiology with progressive neurodegenerative disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the expression of iNOS- and 3-nitrotyrosine-immunoreactivity and reduction of cell death by S-methylisothiourea suggest the effects of lipopolysaccharide may be nitric oxide-mediated, although other actions oflipopolysac charide (independent of i NOS induction) cannot be ruled out.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the two behavioral tests measure different dimensions of stress reactivity, and that norepinephrine facilitates different components of the stress response by region- and receptor-specific mechanisms.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Novel information is provided showing that estradiol alters behavioral and neurochemical responses to stress in ovariectomized rats, and it is shown thatEstradiol may moderate stress effects on cognition and anxiety through both organizational and activation effects.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pre-embedding immunocytochemistry for light and electron microscopy showed the most intense labelling in the cerebellar cortex, basal ganglia, the sensory relay nuclei of the thalamus, and some hippocampal areas, where mGluR4 was also localised in terminals establishing type I synapses, where it probably operates as an autoreceptor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme type 5 improves object recognition memory and might be explained by increased levels of central cyclic GMP.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An interaction between peripheral infection and pre-existing CNS inflammation is demonstrated and it is suggested that further stimulation of an already primed microglial population by a peripheral infection may drive disease progression in chronic inflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and prion disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data indicate that primary sensory fibres expressing VR1 are extremely abundant in the rat urinary tract and that, in contrast to the skin, they belong almost exclusively to the peptide-containing sub-population of primary afferents.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that vitamin A has a critical role in the learning and memory processes linked to a proper hippocampal functioning and is fully restored when vitamin A was replaced in the diet.