Showing papers in "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews in 1981"

TL;DR: Chronic stressed rats showed endocrine changes similar to those seen in human depressives, and antidepressant treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline restored the ability of chronically stressed rats to respond actively to stress.

TL;DR: Although there is indication that ethanol improves the affective state in humans, reduction of anxiety has not been a universal finding and more research needs to be done to assess the validity of the anxiety-reducing theory for alcohol abuse.

TL;DR: Current approaches to modelling depression using animals are reviewed, with particular emphasis upon phylogenetic constraints, systematic validity and reliability, and nosological limitations.

TL;DR: The conclusion is reached that further multidisciplinary research will reveal underlying neurophysiological and neuropharmacological mechanisms responsible for stress induced cardiovascular disease and lead to new methods of treatment.

TL;DR: It was hypothesized that amphetamine-induced psychosis and the symptomatology associated with schizophrenia are related to alterations in both norepinephrine and dopamine activity.

TL;DR: It was concluded that many of the central actions of nicotine could not be explained on the basis of traditional nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms.

TL;DR: No definitive data are available to argue for a pleiotropic relationship between the behavioral characteristics of SHR rats and their hypertension, but a sequential dependence between the amount of environmental stimulation during the “prehypertensive phase” and the level of adult blood pressure is suggested by two investigations.

TL;DR: Examination of plasma corticosterone titers indicated that chronic stress induced an elevation of basal levels and that this was reversed by amitriptyline, scopolamine, and combined drug treatment, indicating that behavioral depression and elevated corticosteroids may covary, but are not identically mediated.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the modulation of target cell responsiveness to steroids is an important mechanism by which neurotransmitters affect steroid-dependent processes and provides a means for environmental, behavioral and emotional events to rapidly and selectively alter steroid effects on behavior and physiology.

TL;DR: Imipramine restored both behavioral and psychoendocrine activity which was otherwise altered by chronic stress and extended results upon treatment to the class of tricyclic antidepressant drugs, using imipramines as a prototypic tricyClic antidepressant.

TL;DR: The rapid development of tolerance to the effects of nicotine may account for changes in the pattern of self-administration within daily sessions and the differential sensitivity of those patterns to nicotine pretreatment.

TL;DR: Amphetamine did not resemble tranylcypromine or other antidepressants, and produced a variety of effects at least some of which indicated a potential increase rather than reduction in depression consequent to chronic administration.

TL;DR: Results suggest the model of depression in the rat may successfully reflect the efficacy not only of pharmacological but additionally of other types of somatic treatments.

TL;DR: In this article, a direct comparison of (+)-[3H]-nicotine and (−)-[ 3H]-Nicotine binding shows that the latter has a KD three times lower than the former, while differences in the binding affinities of the two isomers were far less than the pharmacological stereospecificity observed.

TL;DR: Research conducted in this laboratory over the last ten years has been directed towards determining possible CNS sites and mechanisms by which nicotine is producing its psychopharmacological effects and it was indicated that nicotine is acting at both reticular formation and hippocampus sites.

TL;DR: This article reviews the literature on the behavioral aspects of opiate dependence and describes the variables affecting drug-maintained behavior, including parameters such as delay, magnitude, rate and duration of the reinforcing stimulus.

TL;DR: In this article, a survey concludes a series of complications of data from the literature, primarily published since 1965, on thermoregulatory effects of antipyretics in afebrile as well as in febrile subjects, LSD and other hallucinogens, cannabinoids, general CNS depressants, CNS stimulants including xanthines, hormones, inorganic ions, gases and fumes, 2,4-dinitrophenol and miscellaneous agents including capsaicin, cardiac glycosides, chemotherapeutic agents, cinchona alkaloids

TL;DR: The author reviews the use of operant conditioning to alter electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns and a discrete rhythmic EEG pattern directly related to modulation of motor patterns (sensorimotor rhythm, SMR) was brought under voluntary control in the cat.

TL;DR: Experimental progress in the development of an accurate and useful model of phenylketonuria (PKU) during the last 15 years is reviewed in detail in this paper, where the authors also briefly review the behavioral and biochemical adequacy of the models used, and suggest that in the past biochemical investigations into PKU have been impaired by use of inadequate models, which should now change if the best of the phe-PCPA models are more widely adopted.

TL;DR: A fluid theoretical model is developed which is being used as a strategy-base for future experimentation and some original data is presented which allows for the development of the overall hypotheses presented.

TL;DR: Results indicate that phenobarbital's attenuating effect cannot be solely attributed to its dipsogenic characteristic or to its state dependent learning effect, and other known behavioral and neurophysiological effects of the drug are discussed.

TL;DR: The purpose of the review is to critically evaluate from an unbiased and "non-involved" viewpoint the major findings on the possible interaction between calcium ions and various radiation sources.

TL;DR: The paradox presented by the "masochist" who persists in behaviors that are followed contingently be seemingly aversive consequences is analyzed and two major conceptions of punishment are evaluated as they apply to self-punitive studies.

TL;DR: If it is desirable to teach patients to control more than one response, it may be necessary to teach each response independently, and finding from a number of studies indicate that the ability to learn to control abnormal responses is highly reinforcing and facilitates further learning.

TL;DR: The model presented provides the rationale for an extinction approach to psychotherapy, referred to as implosive therapy, which is briefly described and supporting data for the model as well as alternative explanations are provided and discussed.

TL;DR: The process of assimilation of physical disability and of patient management strategies in medical rehabilitation are analyzed in behavioral terms and contingency management strategies for helping are presented.

TL;DR: The prepubertal ontogeny of endocrinological responsiveness to estradiol in the central nervous system of the female rat is examined in the context of several of the important factors that are known to influence the functional development of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal circuit.

TL;DR: Altering the palatability of alcohol and utilizing behavioral methods to control drinking appear to be the most promising lines of investigation employing this animal model of alcoholism.

TL;DR: It is argued here that the reality of pain resides solely in a subject's report of it, and the principles and techniques of behavior modification ought to be applicable in the practical management of pain in psychological, medical, and other behavioral contexts.