Showing papers in "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews in 2006"

TL;DR: Key findings related to brain anatomical changes during childhood and adolescent are increases in white matter volumes throughout the brain and regionally specific inverted U-shaped trajectories of gray matter volumes.

TL;DR: Predictions were that that testosterone would rise at puberty to moderate levels, which supported reproductive physiology and behavior, and that testosterone levels will be associated with different behavioral profiles among men, associated with life history strategies involving emphasis on either mating or parental effort.

TL;DR: This review of the extant literature on age-related differences and changes in brain structure, including postmortem and noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, surveys the evidence from volumetry, diffusion-tensor imaging, and evaluations of white matter hyperintensities and speculate on several proposed mechanisms of differential brain aging.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the abilities to understand other people's thoughts and to share their affects display different ontogenetic trajectories reflecting the different developmental paths of their underlying neural structures.

TL;DR: This review critically assesses the hypothesis that the reinforcing effect of virtually all drugs of abuse is primarily dependent on activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system and indicates that increased dopamine transmission is clearly both necessary and sufficient to promote psychostimulant reinforcement.

TL;DR: It is suggested that beneficial or detrimental effects of L-DOPA are observed depending on task demands and basal dopamine levels in distinct parts of the striatum, which has substantial implications for the understanding and treatment development of cognitive abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and normal health.

TL;DR: The current article reviews the IGT findings, arguing that their interpretation is undermined by the cognitive penetrability of the reward/punishment schedule, ambiguity surrounding interpretation of the psychophysiological data, and a shortage of causal evidence linking peripheral feedback to IGT performance.

TL;DR: The overall findings suggested a dimensional, developmental psychopathology systems model in which hippocampal volumetric differences covary with PTSD severity; hippocampalvolumetric Differences do not become apparent until adulthood; and PTSD is associated with abnormalities in multiple frontal-limbic system structures.

TL;DR: Research examining the correlative triad among adult age, DA, and cognition has found strong support for the view that age-related DA losses are associated with age- related cognitive deficits.

TL;DR: It is believed that widespread application of independent component analysis and related analysis methods should bring EEG once again to the forefront of brain imaging, merging its high time and frequency resolution with enhanced cm-scale spatial resolution of its cortical sources.

TL;DR: Three white matter-mediated neural system hypotheses of aging brain structure and function are proposed: the anteroposterior gradient, bilateral recruitment of brain systems via the corpus callosum for frontally based task execution, and frontocerebellar synergism.

TL;DR: Dopamine independent mechanisms utilizing opiate and GABA receptors in the ventral striatum, amygdala and orbital frontal cortex are important in elaborating consummatory PA states, and various neuropeptides mediate homeostatic satisfactions.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of evidence indicating that fear conditioning depend crucially upon the amygdalar circuit and plasticity.

TL;DR: It is concluded that prenatal exposure to either maternal smoking, alcohol or cannabis use is related to some common neurobehavioral and cognitive outcomes, including symptoms of ADHD, increased externalizing behavior, decreased general cognitive functioning, and deficits in learning and memory tasks.

TL;DR: The evolutionary psychology of theory of mind including its ontogeny and representation in the central nervous system, and studies of theory-of- mind in psychopathological conditions are reviewed.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that developmental dysfunction of the orbitofrontal-amygdala circuit of the brain is a critical factor in the development of autism and that some of the characteristic deficits of persons with autism in socio-emotional cognition and behavioral self-regulation are related to early dysfunction of different components of this circuit.

TL;DR: There was a positive correlation between experience and expression of anger, and hostility positively correlated with anger and different kinds of aggression, but not its degree of justification.

TL;DR: This review addresses a fundamental neuroscientific question in food perception: how multimodal features of food are integrated by introducing several plausible neuroscientific models, which provide a framework for further neuroscientific exploration in this area.

TL;DR: In their role as output channels for the limbic lobe, the basal forebrain functional-anatomical systems contribute to the establishment of a number of cortico-subcortical circuits, which provide an important part of the anatomical substrate for the elaboration of emotional functions and adaptive behavior.

TL;DR: Evidence that the transition from primarily manual to primarily vocal language was a gradual process is reviewed, and is best understood if it is supposed that speech itself a gestural system rather than an acoustic system, an idea captured by the motor theory of speech perception and articulatory phonology.

TL;DR: An integrated theoretical perspective of potential mechanisms involved in the development of persistent antisocial behavior with an emphasis on early stressors and the neuroendocrinology of stress is presented.

TL;DR: The utilization of fMRI evidence to better constrain solutions of the inverse problem of source localization of EEG activity is an exciting possibility, but this approach should be applied cautiously since the degree of overlap between underlying neuronal activity sources is variable and, for the most part, unknown.

TL;DR: Serotonergic projections to limbic structures, arising primarily from the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, compose two distinct serotonergic systems differing in their topographic organization, electrophysiological characteristics, morphology, as well as sensitivity to neurotoxins and perhaps psychoactive or therapeutic agents.

TL;DR: Although researchers are still attempting to isolate key genes that control habituation, findings in mutant mice have begun to highlight some of the genes that could play a role.

TL;DR: An overview ofwhite matter development is provided and the role of white matter and myelin in cognitive function is discussed and the contributions of four newer imaging paradigms to the authors' understanding of brain development and aging are discussed.

TL;DR: It is argued that deviations towards an element are caused by the unresolved competition in the oculomotor system between elements in a visual scene.

TL;DR: A systematic review of the available clinically relevant literature indicates that visual scanning training (VST), trunk rotation (TR) or repeated neck muscle vibrations (NMV) when associated with an extensive training program, mental imagery training, video feedback training and prism adaptation can be recommended for the rehabilitation of patients with left neglect.

TL;DR: Three models that appear especially suitable to assess abnormal aspects of rodent aggression are presented, which can become extremely useful in three areas: in evaluating and assessing models of human psychopathologies, in studying transgenic animals, and in developing new treatment strategies.

TL;DR: Evidence that specific areas of the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures are key regions associated with three fundamental dimensions of temperament are presented, and a model is proposed detailing how these structures might comprise neural networks whose functioning underlies the three temperaments.

TL;DR: Methylphenidate improved performance on saccadic eye movement, planning/cognitive flexibility, attention/vigilance, and inhibitory control tasks in 83.3%, 71.4%, 70.6%, and 69.7% of studies, respectively.