Showing papers in "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews in 2017"

TL;DR: This compendium is intended to provide a basis for the development of a common procedural and terminology framework for the field of human fear conditioning and provides evidence‐based guidance for methodological decisions on study design, outcome measures, and analyses.

TL;DR: The underlying concepts of DL are introduced and studies that have used this approach to classify brain‐based disorders are reviewed, indicating that DL could be a powerful tool in the current search for biomarkers of psychiatric and neurologic disease.

TL;DR: An early diagnosis of sleep disorders is essential to prevent detrimental effects on health and an early assessment of a condition of SD and its treatment is clinically relevant to prevent the harmful consequences of a very common condition in adult population.

TL;DR: People with MDD have significantly worse lifestyles as well as more pathophysiological disturbances as compared to healthy controls, and some of these differences seem to be specific for (typical versus ‘atypical’, or antidepressant treated versus drug‐naive) subgroups of MDD patients.

TL;DR: Non‐invasive strategies such as caloric restriction, physical exercise, and environmental enrichment have been shown to counteract many of the age‐induced alterations in hippocampal signalling, structure, and function, and such approaches may have therapeutic value in counteracting the deleterious effects of aging and protecting the brain against age‐associated neurodegenerative processes.

TL;DR: A major acoustic correlate of spoken and musical rhythms, the slow (0.25-32Hz) temporal modulations in sound intensity and compare the modulation properties of speech and music are discussed.

TL;DR: An updated/expanded version of the NVI model is presented that incorporates recent advances in functional neuroanatomy, and a class of computational models of brain function known as "predictive coding" models are illustrated to increase understanding of the relationship between vagal control and both cognitive performance and emotional/physical health.

TL;DR: The prevailing theoretical approach to this problem is described and a new and more comprehensive model of the body‐symptom relationship that integrates existing concepts within a unifying framework that addresses many of the shortcomings of current theory is proposed.

TL;DR: The findings generally support the notion that HRV indices can tentatively be employed as bio‐markers of top‐down self‐regulation.

TL;DR: The current meta‐analysis is the first comprehensive review to provide evidence that short‐term sleep restriction significantly impairs waking neurocognitive functioning.

TL;DR: Preclinical with clinical work on serotonin and neuroplasticity are linked to bring two pathophysiologic models in clinical depression closer together to enhance clinical treatment of depression.

TL;DR: Recent advances regarding the small-world architecture in human brain networks are surveyed and the potential implications and applications in multidisciplinary fields, including cognitive neuroscience, medicine and engineering are highlighted.

TL;DR: This is the first meta‐analysis of active video games (‘exergames’) for cognition and domain‐specific analyses found exergames improved executive functions, attentional processing and visuospatial skills, presenting the firstMeta‐analytic evidence for effects of exergame on cognition.

TL;DR: After many years of investigating age‐related changes in pain perception, firm evidence that aging reduces pain sensitivity for lower pain intensities is only found.

TL;DR: The role of brain oscillations in sensory processing is reviewed, and terminology is clarified to distinguish between different phenomena that are often lumped together as reflecting “neural entrainment” but may actually vary in their mechanistic underpinnings.

TL;DR: The VLPFC and posterior cingulate cortex were the main regions consistently found to be recruited during the up‐regulation as well as the down‐regulation of emotion, and the process of emotion regulation appeared to be unaffected by stimulus material.

TL;DR: A transdiagnostic framework is proposed, where compensation represents the processes responsible for an observed mismatch between behaviour and underlying cognition in a neurodevelopmental disorder, at any point in development.

TL;DR: The principles through which TMS is thought to operate are presented and readers will be provided with the bases to be able to understand and critically discuss TMS studies and design hypothesis driven TMS applications for basic and clinical neuroscience.

TL;DR: It is argued that automatic mimicry is a precursor to healthy social development and a synthesized model, built upon integrative knowledge from various fields, provides a promising avenue for future research investigating the role of mimicry in human mental health and social development.

TL;DR: This paper overviews the literature on IA, from neuro-biological, psycho-social and clinical standpoints, taking into account recent debates on diagnostic criteria, nosographic label and assessment tools.

TL;DR: An extended neural diathesis‐stress model of schizophrenia is proposed that addresses the broader neurobiological context of stress psychobiology in psychosis progression and implications of this model for best practice are discussed.

TL;DR: Both conserved and variable features of central oxytocin and vasopressin systems are described in the context of social behavioral diversity, with a particular focus on neural networks that modulate social learning, behavior, and salience of sociosensory stimuli during species‐typical social contexts.

TL;DR: Evidence is examined that individual differences in social ability, partly determined by genetic influences on brain structure and function, impact the quality and quantity of social ties during adolescence and that the structure of one's social network exerts complex yet profound influences on individual behavior and mental health.

TL;DR: This review of the current literature focuses first on the normal neuroimmune interactions occurring in the brain, which promote learning, memory and neuroplasticity, and the major immunomodulators and neuroregulators in the aging brain and their highly tuned dynamic and reciprocal interactions.

TL;DR: This work has shown that reading can be simulated via active inference with deep models and that hierarchical or deep generative models of state transitions embody nested temporal structure.

TL;DR: Results indicate a coordination of central and peripheral oxytocin release after stress and after intranasal administration, and the approach of using peripheral Oxytocin levels to approximate central levels under basal conditions is not supported by the present results.

TL;DR: The evidences on brain activity associated with the cognitive‐motor DT, in order to better understand the neurological basis of the CMi, were reviewed.

TL;DR: This work for the first time presents a comprehensive literature overview and methodological discussion on inter-individual differences in fear acquisition, extinction and return of fear, and identifies methodological pitfalls and provides suggestions for study design and analyses tailored to individual difference research in fear conditioning.

TL;DR: Evidence that cannabidiol (CBD), while representing a less specific pharmacological approach, may be another way to modulate eCBs and interacting neurotransmitter systems to alleviate anxiety is reviewed.

TL;DR: A unified review on the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis is provided by integrating results of epidemiological, clinical, neuropsychological and biological studies to question whether psychosis with a positive history of childhood trauma should be considered as a new psychotic phenotype, requiring specific therapeutic interventions.