Showing papers in "Neuroscience Letters in 2019"

TL;DR: The ability to detect the CCAS in real time in clinical neurology with a brief and validated scale should make it possible to develop a deeper understanding of the clinical consequences of cerebellar lesions in a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders with a link to the cerebellum.

TL;DR: This review will primarily focus on recent advances in understanding the contributions of tau to AD, as well as new approaches to uncover novel roles of pathological tau during disease progression.

TL;DR: Cell and animal models based on the transmission hypothesis have shown not only that pathological α-synuclein can be transmitted from cell-to-cell, but that this pathology can lead to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration, and has profound implications for treatment of what is currently an intractable neurodegenerative disease.

TL;DR: The chronic consumption of the ketogenic formula was suggested to have positive effects on verbal memory and processing speed in patients with AD and showed significant improvement in their immediate and delayed logical memory tests compared to their baseline scores.

TL;DR: The concept of intermediate filaments (nanofilaments) and the complement system are discussed as two handles on the astrocyte responses to injury that both present attractive opportunities for novel treatment strategies modulating astroCyte functions and reactive gliosis.

TL;DR: Evidence from preclinical studies in the rodent brain suggests that neuroplastic changes in prefrontal and subcortical brain areas and their interactions contribute to the complexity and persistence of pain and may be predetermining factors as has been proposed in recent human neuroimaging studies.

TL;DR: The α- synOlig and α-synOlig/α-synTotal ratio in salivary EVs may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for PD.

TL;DR: This review provides an overview of the central nervous system circuits for thermoregulatory reflex regulation of thermoeffectors and their applications in mammals, rodents, and humans.

TL;DR: Only a few years after the discovery of mitophagy deficits in Parkinson's disease, research of the underlying mechanisms, drug discovery of modulators for this mechanism and identification of biomarkers provide new avenues towards the development of disease-modifying therapies.

TL;DR: The functional role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, Heme oxygenase-1, and selenium against ROS-dependent initiation and progression of PD is elucidated.

TL;DR: This review discusses the recent development of radioligands for PET imaging of SV2A and their potential use in the research and diagnosis of CNS diseases.

TL;DR: The main evidence that links autophagy to different genetic forms of ALS is discussed and it is still unclear whether activation or inhibition of autophagic would be a reliable avenue to ameliorate the disease.

TL;DR: This work reviews the background of lentiviral and adeno-associated virus vector design and challenges to overcome low microglial transduction efficiency and specificity and outlines guidelines for reporting viral transduction in microglia.

TL;DR: The gut microbiota composition of 10 patients with sporadic PD and over 65 age and 10 matched controls was analyzed to explore fecal microbiota compositions in North-eastern Han sporadic PD patients and will provide a foundation to improve the understanding of PD.

TL;DR: Evidence is discussed for how "zebra-like" patterns in Purkinje cells sculpt the cerebellum, how specific genetic cues mediate the process, and how activity refines the patterns into an adult map that is capable of executing various functions.

TL;DR: The proposed exponential energy feature provides a classification accuracy of 89% in the Bern-Barcelona EEG dataset and 99.5%" in the Ralph Andrzejak EEG dataset, which opens a wide applicability of exponential energy in biomedical signal analysis.

TL;DR: This review discusses the microglial response to injury, microglia specific effects and the interaction betweenmicroglia and other cell types in the injured spinal cord.

TL;DR: It is suggested that excessive intake of HFD can simultaneously cause obesity and psychiatric disorders by suppressing hippocampal BDNF expression with the disturbance of gut microbiota composition, particularly the increase in Proteobacteria population and LPS production.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that NFL and pNFH in both CSF and serum reflect the temporal pattern of the post ischemic axonal injury and that this process does not seem to progress after 3-5 months.

TL;DR: SNHG 12 targets miR-199a to upregulate SIRT1 expression, which attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through AMPK pathway activation and provides molecular mechanism by which SNHG12 attenuated cerebral I/R injury and facilitate development of therapeautical strategies for treating ischemIA-induced stroke.

TL;DR: The robust, constitutive biogenesis of autophagosomes in the distal axon occurs via a conserved pathway that is required to maintain functional synapses and prevent axon degeneration, and has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.

TL;DR: The data suggest that miRNAs extracted from neuron-derived EVs in plasma reflect miRNA alterations in the brain as potential biomarkers of ALS.

TL;DR: Though differences in overall serotonergic transmission occur in AD, circuit-specific alterations in individual 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs) are likely linked to the heterogeneous presentation of BPSD in AD.

TL;DR: A new EEG-based BCI system for decoding the movements of each finger within the same hand based on analyzing the EEG signals using a quadratic time-frequency distribution (QTFD), namely the Choi-William distribution (CWD).

TL;DR: While the importance of two major protein degradation pathways in AD pathogenesis has been highlighted, targeted therapy at key components of these pathways has great potential in developing novel therapeutic interventions for AD.

TL;DR: The roles of astrocytes in myelin formation and regeneration (remyelination) are reviewed, focusing on both direct interactions with oligodendrocyte lineage cells, and indirect influences via crosstalk with central nervous system resident macrophages, microglia.

TL;DR: Histopathological examination of fly brains using thioflavin-S and silver staining has revealed a significant dose-dependent reduction in the expression of Aβ42 peptides in AD fly groups exposed to 10, 15 and 20μM of luteolin.

TL;DR: The chemical space of bitter and sweet molecules is characterized: the majority of bitter compounds show higher hydrophobicity compared to sweet compounds, while sweet molecules have a wider range of sizes.

TL;DR: It is speculated that NEAT1 may regulate MPP+ induced neuronal injury by targeting miR-124 in SH-SY5Y cells.

TL;DR: The accumulating knowledge concerning with focal apoptotic synapses will contribute to better understanding of synapse loss and subsequent neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.