Neuroscience Research 

TL;DR: Existing theories and their extrapolation are presented, together with some new potential mechanisms of tinnitus generation, encompassing the involvement of calcium and calcium channels in cochlear function, with implications for malfunction and aging of the auditory and vestibular systems.

TL;DR: A dynamic 'center-surround model' of basal ganglia function in the control of voluntary limb movements is proposed and the functional significance of the 'hyperdirect' pathway is emphasized.

TL;DR: The supplementary motor area (SMA) occupies an expanse of frontal agranular cortex rostral to the primary motor cortex (MI), largely in the mesial surface of the hemisphere, although the topography is not as apparent as in the MI.

TL;DR: The presence of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins such as synaptophysin, synaptotagmin and synapsin I in the growth cones of regenerating axons indicates the possibility that exocytotic fusion of vesicles with the surface axolemma supplies the membranous components for the extension of regenerates axons.

TL;DR: The evidence from combined imaging and neuropsychological studies supports the involvement of the ACC, but is less clear in the case of the DLPFC, and the limited number of such studies conducted to date means that conclusions must be tentative.