Showing papers in "Neurotherapeutics in 2018"

TL;DR: The gut microbiota is discussed as a regulator of anxiety and depression, the role of gut-derived peptides as signaling molecules in microbiome–gut–brain communication is explored, and gut peptide concentrations vary according to the composition of the intestinal microbiota.

TL;DR: The role of glial and inflammatory cells after SCI is reviewed and the therapeutic strategies that aim to replace, dampen, or alter their activity to modulate SCI scarring and inflammation and improve injury outcomes are reviewed.

TL;DR: The present contribution describes the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the HPA axis and delineates the potential underlying mechanisms.

TL;DR: The usage of anti-herpetic medications in the treatment of HSV infections was associated with a decreased risk of dementia, and this findings could be a signal to clinicians caring for patients with HSV infection.

TL;DR: Optimizing post-SCI responses of glial cells—and interactions between these CNS cells—could benefit neuroprotection, axon plasticity, and functional recovery.

TL;DR: The current approach and concepts relevant to the acute pharmacological treatment of migraine will be explored in this review.

TL;DR: This review will discuss immune, endocrine, and neural system pathways that interconnect the gut microbiota to central nervous system and discuss how these findings might be applied to neurologic disease.

TL;DR: The findings of recent MS microbiome studies are discussed and potential mechanisms through which gut microbiota can predispose to, or protect against, MS are discussed.

TL;DR: Advances in robot-guided rehabilitation after SCI for the upper and lower extremities, as well as potential adjuncts to robotics are discussed.

TL;DR: LncRNA PVT1 acted as a sponge of miR-128-3p and, thus, influenced the BMP signaling pathway downstream proteins BMP2 and BMP4 through regulating GREM1, thereby promoting tumorigenesis and progression of glioma.

TL;DR: How past discoveries of glycogen metabolism, the lysosome, and autophagy have guided Pompe research and impacted recent therapeutic developments is discussed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that nutrients, including the nondigestible dietary fibers, have a leading role in tackling the low-grade inflammation associated with chronic inflammatory diseases.

TL;DR: Greater use of operant tasks for evaluation of the affective dimension of pain in rodents is needed, but these tests have their own limitations such that additional studies of the relationship between evoked withdrawals and operant outcomes are recommended.

TL;DR: Further studies are needed to more clearly delineate the possible roles of glutamate and its specific receptor subtypes in migraine and to identify new ways of targeting glutamate for migraine therapy.

TL;DR: More research is needed to determine whether gut dysbiosis varies across a range of clinically relevant variables, and whether changes in the gut microbiota can predict the onset or severity of common postinjury comorbidities, including infection, anemia, metabolic syndrome, and, perhaps, secondary neurological deterioration.

TL;DR: The results suggest that nanocurcumin is safe and might improve the probability of survival as an add-on treatment in patients with ALS, especially in those with existing bulbar symptoms.

TL;DR: Intermittent treatment with MR309 was associated with reduced acute oxaipn and higher oxaliplatin exposure, and showed a potential neuroprotective role for chronic cumulative ox aipn.

TL;DR: The evidence for the role of NO in migraine is highlighted, the use of NOS inhibitors for the treatment of this disorder is focused on, and other molecules within the NO signaling pathway that may be promising therapeutic targets for migraine are discussed.

TL;DR: The international MS microbiome study is described, a multicenter effort to study a large population of patients with MS and their healthy household partners to define the core MS microbiome, how it is shaped by disease-modifying therapies, and to explore potential therapeutic interventions.

TL;DR: The therapeutic targets range from the macroscopic and structural level down to the molecular and receptor level, and the neuropeptide and molecular targets, in particular, calcitonin gene-related peptide, somatostatin, transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor, nitric oxide, melatonin, orexin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides, and glutamate are discussed.

TL;DR: Although ongoing phase III clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety, lasmiditan might offer an alternative to treat acute migraine with no associated cardiovascular risk.

TL;DR: The current review highlights the evidence supporting the use of ketogenic diet therapies in the management of a growing number of neurological disorders in adults including epilepsy, malignant glioma, Alzheimer's disease, migraine headache, motor neuron disease, and other neurologic disorders.

TL;DR: The underlying FSHD genetics, current understanding of the pathomechanism, and potential treatment strategies are reviewed, and the development of new clinical outcome measures as well as biomarkers, critical for the success of future clinical trials, are reviewed.

TL;DR: Clinical trial data suggests that intermittent use of CGRP antagonists in intermittent use remains a viable and safe alternative, with 2 molecules remaining in clinical development (ubrogepant and rimegepants).

TL;DR: Key past, current and emerging neurologic and rehabilitation therapeutic approaches for adults with traumatic SCI are reviewed.

TL;DR: The current state of treatments and focus on disease-modulating (nongenetic) therapeutic strategies under development for RYR1-RM are discussed and perspectives for future approaches to treatment development are broached.

TL;DR: Recent developments in the reproductive options for patients with mitochondrial myopathies mean that for some families, the possibility of preventing transmission of the mutation to the next generation is now possible.

TL;DR: A relatively high number of different medications used for migraine prevention in clinical practice differ in their mechanisms of action, but some general themes can be identified from the mechanisms at play.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the lifelong range of severe neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and their associated neuropathologies, which have been linked to the deficiency/load of SAMe production or/and the disturbance in transmethylation pathways.

TL;DR: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive X-linked degenerative muscle disease due to mutations in the DMD gene and the strategies to reduce the dystrophic mechanisms include inhibiting inflammation, promoting muscle growth and regeneration, reducing fibrosis, and facilitating mitochondrial function.