New Zealand Journal of Botany 

About: New Zealand Journal of Botany is an academic journal published by Taylor & Francis. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & Vegetation. It has an ISSN identifier of 0028-825X. Over the lifetime, 2618 publications have been published receiving 48873 citations. The journal is also known as: RSNZ/NZ journal of botany & NZJB.

The avoidance of interference between the presentation of pollen and stigmas in angiosperms II. Herkogamy

Abstract: Dichogamy is the separation of the presentation of pollen and stigmas in time within a plant. It is a common but neglected feature of outcrossing angiosperms. Dichogamy has been almost universally interpreted as an outcrossing mechanism, but many dichogamous species are also self-incompatible (and sometimes also herkogamous and/or with unisexual flowers). In outcrossing species, there is almost invariably a clash between selection to place pollen and stigmas in similar positions for effective pollination and selection to keep the androecia and gynoecia apart to avoid interference between them. We suggest that the separation of pollen and stigmas acts in general to reduce this self-interference and it often also reduces self-fertilisation. Mechanisms preventing self-fertilisation primarily increase maternal fitness, whereas mechanisms avoiding self-interference primarily promote paternal fitness. Five independent ways of subdividing dichogamy are recognised: protandry or protogyny; intrafloral or ...

The biology of heterostyly

Abstract: Heterostyly is a genetically controlled floral polymorphism that is known to occur in 24 families of flowering plants. The floral morphs differ reciprocally in stamen and style lengths. They often differ in pollen grain size and production, and may differ in pollen exine sculpturing, pollen colour, presence of starch in pollen, stigmatic papillae, or corolla size or morphology. There are two morphs in distylous plants and three morphs in tristylous plants. Distyly is much more common than tristyly. Tristyly is known to occur only in the Lythraceae, Oxalidaceae, and Pontederiaceae, although there are unconfirmed reports in the Connaraceae and in Hugonia of the Linaceae. In distylous plants the supergene determining floral morphology also controls a diallelic sporophytic self-incompatibility system, so that only pollinations between morphs are compatible. Tristylous plants usually possess a two-locus diallelic sporophytic self-incompati-bility system associated with the floral trimorphism, but whet...

Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand flora, 1960–1986 and Nomina Nova IV, 1983–1986

Abstract: Changes in the nomenclature of indigenous New Zealand angiosperms and gymnosperms since 1960 are listed, and commentary on some name changes is included. Names of new taxa published here are: Anaphalis keriensis (Cunn.) C. Webb, A. rupestris C. Webb, A. subrigida (Colenso) C. Webb, Brachyglottis kirkii (Kirk) C. Webb, B. kirkii var. angustior (Allan) C. Webb, B. turneri (Cheeseman) C. Webb, Chionochloa defracta Connor, C. lanea Connor, Convolvulus verecundus Petrie subsp. waitaha W. Sykes, Cortaderia turbaria Connor, Crassula hunua A.P. Druce, C. mataikona A.P. Druce, C. ruamahanga A.P. Druce, C. tetramera (Toelken) A.P. Druce et W.R. Sykes, Geniostoma rupestre Forst. et Forst. f. var. ligustrifolium (Cunn.) Conn, Gnaphalium polylepis (D. Drury) C. Webb, G. ruahinicum (D. Drury) C. Webb, Isolepis distigmatosa (C.B. Clarke) Edgar, Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thompson var. linearis (Kirk) W. Harris, K. ericoides var. microflora (G. Simpson) W. Harris, K. sinclairii (Kirk) W. Harris, Melicytus al...

Plant biogeography and the late Cenozoic history of New Zealand

Abstract: Patterns of regional endemism, vicariance, and disjunction in New Zealand higher plants are reviewed. These are discussed in relation to the post-Oligocene history of the geology, climate, and vegetation. Previous explanations for such distribution patterns have ccntred on the disruptive effects of ice and severe climates during the Last Glaciation, and subsequent migration of plants from glacial refugia during the postglacial. It is concluded that these explanations arc largely inadequate. It is suggested that many endemic, vicariant, and disjunct plant distributions are related to the large-scale modification of the New Zealand land mass which has occurred as a result of active tectonism since the Oligocene. The more stable regions of New Zealand (in particular Northland, northwest Nelson, and Otago) have retained diverse floras partly as a result of retention of older elements of the flora which more radically altered areas (southern North Island, central South Island) have tended to lose. The...

Sexual strategies in plants III. A quantitative method for describing the gender of plants

Abstract: Gender (maleness or femaleness) is a quantitative phenomenon in plants. For accurate descriptions of gender, numerical estimates of the relative capabilities of plants as pollen and ovule parents have advantages over the verbal morphological descriptions of gender that are traditionally used. Full descriptions require the distribution of gender among subsets of a sexual class (e.g., among individual plants) to be indicated as well as the average condition. Estimates of gender can be based on the pollen and ovule or seed production of each subset independently (phenotypic gender), or else the pollen and ovule or seed production of the whole population can be taken into account to assess the functional gender of any subset. The functional gender of a plant estimates the proportions of its genes which are transmitted through pollen (its maleness) or through ovules (its femaleness). Prospective estimates of functional gender are based on the relative maternal and paternal investments before anthesis ...