Showing papers in "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in 1974"

TL;DR: Bothe's formula for the angular distribution of multiply scattered particles in the small-angle limit has been evaluated numerically for ion-atom potentials of Thomas-Fermi and Lenz-Jensen type, and analytically for power potentials as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the production of characteristic X-rays from elements with Z ≳13 using a semiconductor X-ray spectrometer Various competing background processes have been identified, and on this basis, they have calculated lower limits for the sensitivity obtainable for the concentration of the trace element, ranging down to values of 10 −6 −10 −7 .

TL;DR: In this article, a new detector for the measurement of energy by total absorption, based on the use of multiple-plate ion chambers, is described, which allows absolute calibration and very good gain stability.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a space charge (SC) dosimetry based on the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor, which can measure a fraction of a Rad (SiO 2 ), which is suitable for use in radiology, bean diagnostics, space radiation monitoring and other applications requiring close-spaced integrating dosimeters.

TL;DR: Sil aerogel as discussed by the authors is a porous and transparent solid material, its index of refraction is a function of its density, and it can be freely adjusted between at least 1.01 and 1.06, and up to values as high as 1.20 by heating.

TL;DR: In this article, a new calibration technique for silicon surface-barrier and other semiconductor detectors to heavy ions is proposed based on the results of measurements of this phenomenon with a variety of ions.

TL;DR: In this article, a beam of cesium positive ions from a surface ionization source was used to sputter a hollow target cone, which can be changed within minutes and the emittance is low.

TL;DR: In this article, a decrease in the counting rate and charge collection efficiency of p-type CdTe gamma-ray detectors, starting from the time of first application of the electric field, has been observed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the application of X-ray total reflexion is used to reduce the background and to improve the ratio between signal and background so that measurements in the nanogram region can be made.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple pulse-shape discrimination circuit is described for NE213 organic liquid scintillators of different sizes, and the influence of the lower threshold energy and the effect of high counting rates on the pulse shape discrimination properties are shown.

TL;DR: For a Poisson process distorted by a non-extended dead time, a complete set of exact formulae for the probability, the expectation and the variance of the number of events in a given measuring time is presented in this paper.

TL;DR: A new magnetic spectrograph, the QMG/2, has been designed for the Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Groningen as mentioned in this paper, which includes a second multipole, a straight focal plane, constant dispersion, constant angle of incidence (45°) on the detector, and a device called a "snake" used to adjust mechanically the effective shape of the field boundaries after manufacture.

TL;DR: In this paper, Monte Carlo calculations pertaining to the penetration of electron beams through foils are presented. But the results given include transmission and reflection coefficients and the energy spectra and angular distributions of transmitted electron beams.

TL;DR: In this article, the full energy peak efficiency in a particular geometry of a collimated 3 mm × mm2 Si(Li) detector with 0.5 mil thick beryllium and Mylar windows was determined over the energy range 3.3-136 keV by measuring the absolute intensities of X- and low-energy γ-rays from the decays of intensity-calibrated sources of 241Am, 57Co, 137Cs and 65Zn.

TL;DR: In this paper, the drift chambers with adjustable electric fields have been used for high-energy particle physics applications and the results showed that full saturation of the drift velocity leads to remarkable improvements, namely a linear space-time correlation for perpendicular tracks, and simple geometrical distortion of linearity for inclined tracks.

TL;DR: In this paper, the sensitivity of ion-induced X-ray trace-element analysis as a function of projectile atomic number was investigated for 3 and 5 MeV/amu p, α and 16 O ions.

TL;DR: The statistical analysis of γ-ray angular correlation experiments with the emphasis on experiments where the reaction mechanism does not lead to exactly known alignment is discussed in this paper, where a model of the reaction producing the alignment is made then it can be used to estimate the most probable value of the alignment and the confidence in that prediction.

TL;DR: In this article, the energy loss rate of a heavy ion with mass M, atomic number Z and velocity BETA c has been derived by a semi-empirical formula: R( BETA ) = (M/z/sup 2/) B/sub alpha /, (BETA ) + MZ/sup n/ C/sub z/ (137 BETA /Z), where n = 0.678 -- 0.002 Z, and Cz is an empirical function that is a part of the expression of the extension in range caused by neutralization of

TL;DR: A number of low-energy transitions have been observed when a Ge(Li) detector is irradiated with neutrons having a broad spectrum of energies as discussed by the authors, some of which are from isomers produced by the neutron reactions on the germanium isotopes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the construction of 20 modular 100 × 200 cm 2 wire chambers, the electronics for a 50K wire system, and the performance of the chambers, as well as the performance analysis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between proportional counter gain and the properties of the gas can be expressed in terms of a semi-empirical relationship, and measurements have been made to verify the validity of this expression.

TL;DR: In this article, the etchants (LiOH, NaOH, KOH) at various concentrations between 1 and 15 normality have been used at different temperatures between 15°C and 50°C.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors observed that a significant reduction in the magnitude of the scattering peaks and background results from the use of polarized and unpolarized radiation in X-ray fluorescence spectra.

TL;DR: In this article, soft X-rays were detected with a xenon proportional scintillation counter; for example, full widths at half maximum of 100 eV and 140 eV were obtained for the carbon and oxygen X-ray, respectively.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of charge exchange on the energy loss fluctuations of ions has been studied using experimental charge exchange cross-sections and the results indicate that the contribution of the charge exchange to energy loss fluctuation can be a major factor for lower energies.

TL;DR: In this article, the temperature and field dependence of the proton spin-lattice relaxation time were measured down to 55 mK and 0.37 K in a 2.5 T magnetic field.

TL;DR: In this article, an installation for measurements of γ-ray spectra from the inelastic scattering of reactor fast neutrons on separate isotopes is described, and results are presented for Fe, Nb, Al and 106 Pd in the energy range from 0.1 − 3.5 MeV.

TL;DR: In this paper, a system for trace element analysis by proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy developed at the T. W. Bonner Nuclear Laboratories at Rice University is presented.

TL;DR: In this article, a hydrogen-filled ionization chamber was used as a target and as a detector of the recoil protons for studies of small-angle hadron-proton elastic scattering.