Showing papers in "Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America in 1998"

TL;DR: Understanding both the specific predisposing factors that place an individual woman at risk and the precise events of the labor and delivery process that initiate injury and dysfunction is important for primary prevention.

TL;DR: In this article, the complex problems associated with opioid dependence during pregnancy are described, and the relationship of methadone dose and the severity of neonatal abstinence is discussed, as well as specific issues of appropriate dose during pregnancy, medical withdrawal, and relationship between the dose and severity of Neonatal abstinence are discussed.

TL;DR: Although it is not possible to link a specific birth defect or developmental problem in the child of an inhalant abuser to prenatal exposure to a specific chemical, it is clear that inhalant abuse and its associated lifestyle place children at increased risk.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of prenatal exposure to amphetamines in producing altered behavior in humans appear less compelling when one considers other confounding variables of human environment, genetics, and polydrug abuse.

TL;DR: Use in the second and third trimesters may increase the risk of premature birth, fetal growth restriction, maternal and fetal myelosuppression, and still births.

TL;DR: The management of the adxenal mass in pregnancy, surgery for ovarian cancer, chemotherapy during gestation, and the use of tumor markers during pregnancy are discussed.

TL;DR: The anatomy of the pelvic floor includes structures responsible for active and passive support of the urethrovesical junction, vagina, and anorectum, which allow maintenance of urinary and anal continence at rest and with activity.

TL;DR: In the majority of cases, labor and childbirth are thought to be the primary factors responsible for pelvic neuropathies and tissue damage that predispose to the development of POP.

TL;DR: Assessment of the overall health status of the infant should include growth parameters, signs and symptoms of infection, and neurobehavioral function, and assessments should not be limited to the newborn period, as neurodevelopmental sequelae may not be manifest until later in infancy and childhood.

TL;DR: Fetal drug concentration, which determines the fetal response, is a function of the maternal concentration, the placental permeability, the fetal drug clearance, and differences in protein binding and ionization between the maternal and fetal plasma.

TL;DR: Pregnancy is not thought to affect the course of either Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's cancer, or the leukemias, and both chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been administered during pregnancy with favorable results.

TL;DR: Patients with early-stage squamous cancers diagnosed in the late second and early third trimester may have cancer treatment delayed to increase the likelihood of fetal maturity without compromising maternal prognosis.

TL;DR: A paradigm for choosing a surgical repair based on the fascial and muscular support defects, as well as the functional demands and limitations of the patient is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have observed that FAS is associated with four kinds of hearing disorders: (1) developmentally delayed auditory function, (2) sensorineural hearing loss, (3) intermittent conductive hearing loss owing to recurrent serous otitis media, and (4) central hearing loss.

TL;DR: Decisions regarding the use of radiation therapy during pregnancy, the delay of therapy, or pregnancy termination should be made by a multidisciplinary team and be guided by the prognosis of the disease, the stage of gestation, the risk to the fetus from the expected fetal radiation dose, and the patient's ethical and religious beliefs.

TL;DR: In this paper, the risks of adverse outcomes of prenatal cocaine exposure during pregnancy were examined in more detail, and the effects of cocaine exposure in pregnant women often are influenced by a number of confounding variables.

TL;DR: Because most PABC presents with a palpable mass, the role of imaging modalities in the evaluation of these patients remains limited, and fine-needle aspiration cytology is the initial procedure of choice for evaluating breast masses during pregnancy and lactation.

TL;DR: Education and drug treatment programs, rather than punitive and coercive measures, may better help pregnant women fulfill their moral duties to refrain from abusing substances.

TL;DR: In the mother with an ongoing illicit drug abuse problem, the risks posed to the infant are substantial and outweigh the benefits of breast-feeding in most cases.

TL;DR: Methods to identify patients at risk for having a fetus with an abdominal wall defect along with sonographic techniques to diagnose the majority of cases are outlined.

TL;DR: Patients with ISD can be identified and selected for sling surgery or collagen injection therapy, and other patients may be managed successfully by retropubic urethropexy, either open or laparoscopic.

TL;DR: The normal physiology of the female pelvic floor, including normal urinary storage and voiding, normal colorectal storage, and defecation is outlined, so the reader may gain a more thoughtful approach to the recognition and treatment of pelvic floor pathophysiology.

TL;DR: The use of cone biopsy during pregnancy, associated with substantial morbidity, has been significantly reduced by the diligent application of colposcopy as mentioned in this paper, which has been a major step forward in the management of cervical disease in pregnancy.

TL;DR: Anorectal disorders are the cause of significant discomfort and embarrassment in women and the onset typically follows childbirth and symptoms increase with age.

TL;DR: Although Baden concluded that "the pelvic exam is just the pelvic exam," the history and examination are tools of no less merit than the cystometrogram or scalpel for clinicians treating patients with symptomatic pelvic floor dysfunction.

TL;DR: Clinical applications and technique of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound are described, which provide fine musculoskeletal detail of this region in anatomic plane not well seen via computerized tomography.

TL;DR: The complicated scenario for physicians when they must advise pregnant oncology patients and their families is evaluated, with an introduction to the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and authenticity offered in an attempt to increase the physician's comfort level with this very difficult task.

TL;DR: There is much evidence, however, demonstrating adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with cigarette smoking which, fortunately, can be reversed with smoking cessation.

TL;DR: An understanding of the generation and toxicity of ROS should help to define their potential roles in obstetric disease and lead to innovative preventive and therapeutic approaches.

TL;DR: Treatment primarily consists of en-bloc resection of the malignancy and regional lymph nodes; timing of colorectal surgery and delivery are based upon clinical presentation, fetal age, and maternal desires.