Ocean Modelling 

TL;DR: In this paper, a split-explicit hydrodynamic kernel for a realistic oceanic model is proposed, which addresses multiple numerical issues associated with mode splitting, and is compatible with a variety of centered and upstream-biased high-order advection algorithms, and helps to mitigate computational cost of expensive physical parameterization of mixing processes and submodels.

TL;DR: The intent of this approach, some of whose features are reminiscent of the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) technique, is to combine the best features of isopycnic-coordinate and fixed-grid circulation models within a single framework.

TL;DR: The Hamburg Ocean Primitive Equation model has undergone significant development in recent years as discussed by the authors, including the treatment of horizontal discretisation which has undergone transition from a staggered E-grid to an orthogonal curvilinear C-grid, which gives relatively high resolution in the sinking regions associated with the thermohaline circulation.

TL;DR: In this paper, an adaptive algorithm where inward and outward information fluxes are treated separately is proposed, and a volume constraint based on global correction of normal barotropic velocities improves the overall performances of the open boundary conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) Modeling System, which is comprised of the Model Coupling Toolkit to exchange data fields between the ocean model ROMS, the atmosphere model WRF, the wave model SWAN, and the sediment capabilities of the Community Sediment Transport Model.