Open Access Journal of Science and Technology 

About: Open Access Journal of Science and Technology is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & Breast cancer. It has an ISSN identifier of 2314-5234. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 88 publications have been published receiving 279 citations.

What is the Sign

Abstract: Frank's sign is a physical exam finding that is thought to indicate premature aging with loss of dermal and vascular elastic fibers. Studies had shown an association between Frank’s sign and early onset coronary artery disease. We present a previous healthy patient who presented with this finding and was subsequently found to have advanced multi-vessel coronary artery disease.

Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection, Microbial Aetiology, and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern among Antenatal Women Presenting with Lower Abdominal Pains at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract: Objective. To determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection as a cause of lower abdominal pains among antenatal women and its aetiological microorganism and define the sensitivity pattern to commonly used antibiotics. Study Design. A cross sectional study. Setting. Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Subjects. One hundred and fifty antenatal women. Main Outcome Measures. Overall the prevalence of urinary tract infection, its aetiological causes, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Results. The prevalence of UTI among antenatal women presenting with lower abdominal pains in Kenyatta National Hospital was found to be 26.7%. Of the 40 women with positive culture urine, 31 (C77.8%) were also positive on dipstick and 27 (67.5%) were positive on urine microscopy. There is significant correlation between urine dipstick testing, urine microscopy, and positive urine culture in UTI. Dipstick test and urine microscopy test had high sensitivity and specificity in screening for UTI. The predominant bacterial pathogens were Escherichia coli at 40% followed by Staphylococcus spp. at 25% and Klebsiella spp. at 10%. There were also Enterococcus, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter species. The isolated gram-negative bacteria were 100% sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, augmentin, ceftazidime, and levofloxacin and about 81% to cefuroxime. The bacteria showed significant resistance to gentamycin and ampicillin of up to 80%. The isolated gram-positive bacteria were 100% sensitive to augmentin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, meropenem, and imipenem but showed significant resistance to levofloxacin, gentamycin, nitrofurantoin, and ampicillin of between 20% and 80%.

The theory of gyroscopic effects for rotating objects

Abstract: More than two-centuries gyroscopic effects were presented analytically by the simplified models that did not match with practical results The mathematician L Euler described only one component of gyroscopic effects that is the change in the angular momentum Other outstanding and ordinary scientists represented only some assumptions for gyroscopic properties This is an unusual phenomenon in the physics of classical mechanics that can solve more complex problems than computing forces acting on the simple spinning disc and its motions The recent research demonstrated the physics of the gyroscopic effects are more complex in mathematical models than represented in known theories This problem solved by a new method based on the action of the system of inertial torques acting on the spinning objects that are produced by rotating mass The system of nine interrelated inertial torques is acted on spinning objects around three axes and manifests all gyroscopic effects Inertial torques are generated by the centrifugal, common inertial, Coriolis forces of the rotating mass, as well as the change in the angular momentum that acting on spinning objects These torques represent the fundamental principles of the gyroscope theory Gyroscopic effects are described by mathematical models of the inertial torques and explained their physics based on the potential and kinetic energy conservation law A new analytical approach demonstrated the new phenomena of the deactivation of the inertial forces acting on the spinning objects, which physics is the result of the interrelations of inertial torques Mathematical models for the gyroscopic effects are validated by practical tests The new solution is represented as the breakthrough gyroscope theory All problems of mechanical gyroscopes are resolved and closed the unresolved problem in classical mechanics

MicroCT Bone Densitometry: Context Sensitivity, Beam Hardening Correction and the Effect of Surrounding Media

Abstract: The context-sensitivity of microCT bone densitometry due to beam hardening artefacts was assessed. Bones and teeth are scanned with varying thickness of surrounding media (water, alcohol, biological tissue) and it is important to understand how this affects reconstructed attenuation (“density”) of the mineralized tissue. Aluminium tubes and rods with thickness 0.127mm–5mm were scanned both in air or surrounded by up to 2cm of water. Scans were performed with different energy filters and degrees of software beam hardening correction (BHC). Also tested were the effects of signal-to-noise ratio, magnification and truncation. The thickness of an aluminium tube significantly affected its mean reconstructed attenuation. This effect of thickness could be reduced substantially by BHC for scans in air, but not for scans in water. Varying thickness of surrounding water also changed the mean attenuation of an aluminium tube. This artefact could be almost eliminated by an optimal BHC value. The “cupping” artefact of heterogeneous attenuation (elevated at outer surfaces) could be corrected if aluminium was scanned in air, but in water BHC was much less effective. Scan truncation, changes to magnification and signal-to-noise ratio also caused artificial changes to measured attenuation. Measurement of bone mineral density by microCT is highly context sensitive. A surrounding layer of liquid or biological tissue reduces the ability of software BHC to remove bone density artefacts. Sample thickness, truncation, magnification and signal to noise ratio also affect reconstructed attenuation. Thus it is important for densitometry that sample and calibration phantom dimensions and mounting materials are standardised.

Single-Chain Conformation for Interacting Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in Aqueous Solution

Abstract: The demixing phase behavior of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) aqueous solution is investigated using small-angle neutron scattering. This polymer phase separates upon heating and demixes around 32 ∘C. The pre-transition temperature range is characterized by two scattering modes; a low-Q (large-scale) signal and a high-Q dissolved chains signal. In order to get insight into this pre-transition region, especially the origin of the low-Q (large-scale) structure, the zero average contrast method is used in order to isolate single-chain conformations even in the demixing polymers transition region. This method consists of measuring deuterated and non-deuterated polymers dissolved in mixtures of deuterated and non-deuterated water for which the polymer scattering length density matches the solvent scattering length density. A fixed 4% polymer mass fraction is used in a contrast variation series where the d-water/h-water fraction is varied in order to determine the match point. The zero average contrast (match point) sample displays pure single-chain scattering with no interchain contributions. Our measurements prove that the large scale structure in this polymer solution is due to a transient polymer network formed through hydrophobic segment-segment interactions. Scattering intensity increases when the temperature gets close to the phase boundary. While the apparent radius of gyration increases substantially at the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) transition due to strong interchain correlation, the single-chain true radius of gyration has been found to decrease slightly with temperature when approaching the transition.