Showing papers in "Open Journal of Stomatology in 2013"

Antifungal activity of chemotype essential oils from rosemary against Candida albicans

Abstract: Oral candidiasis is caused by Candida albicans The symptoms including pain in the oral cavity affect our eating function While some antifungal agents are commonly used for the treatment of candidiasis, occasional consumption of the effective dose cannot be tolerated due to side effects There is also a possibility of induction of antifungal resistance, thus the development of replacement agents has been awaited We aim to explore antimicrobial activities of essential oils We evaluated the antifungal activities against C albicans of essential oils from seven aromatic plants from three manufacturers, and of three chemotype essential oils from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) As a result, we found that the antifungal activity was increased several times by the addition of Tween 80 All the tested essential oils showed stable antifungal activity, however, the variation was observed among the manufacturers of rosemary and eucalyptus Rosemary has three chemotypes; CINEOL, CAMPHOR and VERBENON They derived from a same plant species, but contain different chemical components The CINEOL, dose-dependently decreased the number of C albicans in the time-kill assay Hence we concluded that the components of rosemary essential oil would have an effect on its antifungal activity A chemotype is the first to consider in measuring antifungal activities of rosemary oil

Evaluation of an oral moisture-checking device for screening dry mouth

Abstract: Objective: This multicenter clinical study was to assess the clinical usability of an oral moisture-checking device in detecting the dry mouth patients and evaluating the optimal measurement site. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 250 patients with dry mouth and 241 healthy volunteer subjects at 13 medical centers. This device was used to measure the moisture degrees of the lingual mucosa and the buccal mucosa. Subjective oral dryness, objective oral dryness, and saliva flow rates were also compared between the two groups. For statistical analysis, receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). Results: The moisture degree of the lingual mucosa was significantly lower in the dry mouth group (27.2 ± 4.9) than that in the healthy group (29.5 ± 3.1, AUC = 0.653). When a lingual mucosa moisture degree of 31.0 or higher was defined as normal, less than 27.0 as dry mouth, and 27.0 to less than 31.0 as borderline zone of dry mouth, both the sensitivity and the specificity for the diagnosis of dry mouth were close to 80%. Conclusion: These results suggest that the oral moisture-checking device is a usable screening device for dry mouth.

Artefacts in cone beam CT

Abstract: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the modern third dimension applied in the field of oral maxillofacial region. With lower radiation dose compared to conventional CT, its applications in dentistry has increased tremendously. Artefacts can seriously degrade the quality of computed tomographic (CBCT) images, sometimes to the point of making them diagnostically unusable. To optimize image quality, it is necessary to understand why artifacts occur and how they can be prevented or suppressed. CT artifacts originate from a range of sources; physical based, scanner based and patient based. This article highlights the causes of artefacts on CBCT images and methods to avoid them.

Insights into chitosan hydrogels on dentine bond strength and cytotoxicity

Abstract: Contemporary dental adhesives show favorable immediate results in terms of bonding effectiveness. However, the durability of resin-dentin bonds is their major problem. Materials and Methods: Preparation of 3 chitosan-antioxidant hydrogels was achieved using modified hydrogel preparation method. Their effect on the bond strength to dentine both short term (after 24 hours) and long term (after 6 months) were evaluated using shear bond strength measurements using Instron Universal Testing Mascine). The SEM was used to study the surface of the hydrogels. The cell survival rate (cytotoxicity) of the antioxidants resveratrol, β-carotene and propolis towards Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells was also assessed using the standard MTT assay. Results: It was found that chitosan-H treated dentine gives significantly (p propolis (68%) > resveratrol (33%). Conclusion: the antioxidant-chitosan hydrogels significantly improved bonding to dentine with or without phosphoric acid treatment. The pH of the growth medium had a high influence on the cell survival rate of Balb/c mouse 3T3 fibroblast cells. The release of the antioxidant β-carotene would not have an influence on the pulp cells. These materials might address the current perspectives for improving bond durability.

Assessment of the effect of wound closure technique on postoperative sequaele and complications after impacted mandibular third molar extraction

Abstract: Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of complete and partial wound closures on postoperative sequelae and complications after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Patients and Methods: One hundred and twenty patients who required 121 surgical extractions of mandibular impacted third molars were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups based on wound closure after surgery. In group 1 (complete wound closure, n1 = 60) patients had their extraction sockets completely closed by mucosal flap while in group 2 (partial wound closure, n2 = 60) patients had their extraction sockets partially closed. Data collected included maximum inter-incisal distance (MID) and facial width which were recorded both preoperatively and postoperatively. What also recorded were postoperative pain intensity and postoperative complications. Results: There were 50 (41.7%) males and 70 (58.3%) females (male to female ratio of 1:1.4); age range was 18-40 years and the mean was 26 ± 10 years. The mean ages of patients in both groups showed no significant difference (group 1 = 26.5 ± 7.2; group 2 = 27.1 ± 8.1). The pain was maximal at the first postoperative day review and it gradually reduced in intensity towards the preoperative values for both groups. The pain perceptionsin patients in group 2 were however significantly lower than those of group 1 on days 1 and 3 but not statistically different on day 7. The mean difference in the postoperative and preoperative MID was greatest on the 1st postoperative day and gradually became smaller on the subsequent review days. Comparison of this mean difference between the 2 groups however showed a significant difference in the 2 groups only on day 7. Maximal swelling was noted in both groups on the third postoperative day. A comparison of the mean facial width between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference on all the review days. The postoperative complication rate was 5% in both groups. Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that there was a comparative reduction in postoperative sequelae namely pain and trismus after impacted mandibular third molar surgery when a partial wound closure technique was done. However, there was no significant difference in the postoperative complication rate between the two groups.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Norwegian School Children

Abstract: Introduction: Dental anomalies have been widely examined, but no such studies have been conducted in Norway. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of dental anomalies and investigate their possible association with gender and dental occlusion. Methods: Panoramic radiographs and study models of 500, 12-year-old school children (273 girls, 227 boys) were analyzed for the presence of dental anomalies including agenesis, taurodontism, pulp stones, microdontia, macrodontia, impaction, short roots, supernumerary teeth, ectopic eruption and transposition. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the Angle classification (Class Ι, n = 252. Class ΙΙ, n = 227. Class ΙΙΙ, n = 21). Percentages and chi-square test were used for evaluation of the data. Results: In this population 28.2% of the subjects showed at least one dental anomaly. Statistically significant associations were observed between agenesis and Angle Class II dental occlusion (P = 0.03), and between agenesis and gender (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Agenesis was a predominant dental anomaly in girls and was found twice as often in subjects with Class ΙΙ, than with Class Ι dental occlusion.

Ozone and its use in periodontal treatment

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the effects of ozone in periodontal treatment in dental practice. Methods: An evaluation of the current state of knowledge regarding the application of ozone in periodontal treatment revealed limited available literature. Therefore an audit was conducted in dental practice in order to evaluate the effects of ozone in periodontal treatment. Twenty-five patients were treated with gaseous ozone after having had failed conventional periodontal treatment. BPE scores and the six deepest pockets were measured in each patient before and after the use of ozone. Results: From the initial number of twenty-nine patients selected, twenty-five patients attended both follow up appointments. Based on BPE scores, twenty of the patients have overall improvement while five of the patients continued to have deterioration. Eight patients had an improvement in depths of periodontal pockets by three millimetres, sixteen patients had improvement by one to two millimetres and one patient did not improve. The depth of pockets after the use of ozone decreased significantly (P Conclusion: The audit revealed that gaseous ozone significantly (P

Influence of teeth on the smile and physical attractiveness. A new internet based assessing method

Abstract: Objectives: Traditional methods for evaluating aesthetic perceptions of the teeth have involved panels of people observing photographs, and the person commenting on the appearance of the teeth generally is aware that his opinion of the dental appearance is being sought. The situation is artificial and may involve bias. We propose a novel method for evaluating the effect of dental imperfections on perceptions in which the participant is unaware of participating in a survey and in which his or her opinion is not sought. Rather, involvement in the study betrays the importance of dental aesthetics for the observer. Methods: Starting with a digitally manipulated photograph of a smiling young woman, two portrait photographs A and B were produced in which the only differences were in the dentition revealed by the smile. The two photographs were anonymously posted on an online dating service site covering two large cities in southwestern France. During a period of one month, all “hits” on each of the photographs and all attempts to make contact were counted. Results: There was no significant difference between the number of hits on each of the portraits A and B. On the other hand, the ratio of attempts to contact to hits showed a clear difference: the ratio was 4.8 times greater for Portrait A than for Portrait B (p

Patient Experiences of Medical Screening Performed by the Dental Services: A Qualitative Study

Abstract: Objective: To explore how medical screening performed by the dental service was perceived from the patient’s perspective Material and methods: Medical screening for high blood pressure and high plasma glucose was performed on 170 patients at a dental clinic in a small town in central Sweden Seventeen individual interviews were conducted with a strategic sampling of these patients The interviews were recorded and transcribed The transcriptions were coded and categorized in a manifest analysis, followed by a latent, interpretive analysis Results: The manifest analysis resulted in three categories: Positive attitude to screening and dental professionals which need to have specific knowledge of medical screening; Dental care which provides continuity but is not a neutral environment; and Feedback on the medical screening results and desired cooperation between dental and health care services The latent analysis pointed out the importance of the patient’s feeling that the procedure is carried out properly and safely, and requests for clear feedback concerning the results of the screening Conclusions: The interviewees experienced the dental care service as providing continuity They would like to have regular medical screenings at their regular dental appointments to identify risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes However, they expressed that it was important for the dental care staff to have the necessary medical knowledge They also wanted good cooperations between the dental and health care services, with clear feedback to the patients about both positive and negative results and, when appropriate, referrals to the health care service

Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression in mandibular ameloblastoma: A prognostic indicator for local recurrence

Abstract: Objective: This study used Ki-67 to evaluate the proliferative activity of ameloblastoma in an attempt to provide a scientific basis for any differences in the biologic behaviour that exists between the different types of ameloblastoma and correlate the results with the recurrence rate. Study design: We assessed Ki-67 expression by immunohistochemistry in 32 cases of mandibular ameloblastoma. Formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded blocks were sectioned and used for Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining. H&E slides were used to re-evaluate the histological types of the ameloblastoma. Immunohistochemical analysis for Ki-67 with a labelled streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique was performed on tumour sections using Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human Ki-67 Antigen (clones MIB1, code M7240, Dako Corporation). Lymph nodes (lymphoma) were used as positive control for Ki-67. Results: The specimens comprised 18 cases of Follicular ameloblastoma, 7 cases of Cystic ameloblastoma, 4 cases of plexiform ameloblastoma, and 3 cases of Acanthotic ameloblastoma. The results showed that cellular proliferative activity varied within the ameloblastoma types. There was no statistically significant difference in the Ki-67 Acanthotic, cystic and follicular types of ameloblastoma, while plexiform type showed statistically significantly higher levels than the other 3 types. The mean Ki-67 labelling index of plexiform ameloblastoma ranged from 13 to 30 with a mean of 19.75. The mean values of Ki-67 were statistically significantly higher in recurrent than non-recurrent cases. Conclusion: The significant expression of Ki-67 could provide useful prognostic markers for proliferative activity and good prognostic indicators for recurrence rate of mandibular ameloblastoma.

Susuk: Charm needles in orofacial soft tissues

Abstract: Purpose of the Study: To understand the reasons for charm needle insertions, chemical constituents of charm needles and their significance to magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and Methods: Confidential interviews were used to collect information from charm needle wearers. Two attempts at surgical removal of charm needles were carried out. Charm needle samples were chemically analyzed using EPMA method. A review of literature on the possible complications of charm needles in relation to MRI was made. Results: Patients had varied reasons for wearing charm needles including to be physically attractive, to overcome personal problems and for protection. Charm needles were made of gold alloy consisting of gold (85.2%-88.6%), copper (9.3%-10.8%) and trace elements of aluminium and silver. As such, MRI may not be a hazard to charm needle wearers given the fact that gold is non-ferromagnetic. However, artefacts may potentially distort the MR imaging. Conclusion: A tactful manner in handling these patients may be to ignore the needles unless a clinical need warrants intervention. The surgical removal of these needles may be a straightforward procedure, but the localization is usually a challenging task. At present, the pertinent literature does not contain carefully controlled studies that demonstrate the absolute safety of charm needle exposure to powerful magnetic fields.

Porcelain fracture of metal-ceramic tooth-supported and implant-supported restorations: A review

Abstract: Metal-ceramic restorations are widely used in dentistry with a high degree of general success. However, fracture of these restorations does occur and usually frustrates both the dentist and the patient. Objective: This literature review discusses the factors that may lead to the fracture of these restorations whether they are tooth-supported or implant-supported with the aim of making dentists and technicians aware of these factors to avoid them. Factors reviewed include: technical factors, dentist-related factors, inherent material properties, direction, magnitude and frequency of applied loads, environmental factors, screw-retained implant-supported restorations, and posterior cantilevered prostheses. Material and Methods: A netbased search in “Pubmed” was performed and combined with a manual search. The search was limited to articles written in English. Conclusions: the published literature revealed that the factors predisposing to fracture of metal-ceramic restorations may be related to the technician, dentist, patient, environment, design of the restoration, or to inherent structure of ceramics and others. However, if the dentist and technician understand these factors and respect the physical characteristics of the materials, most of those are avoidable.

Operating microscope in endodontics: A systematic review

Abstract: The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature about the use of the operating microscope in endodontics. It used sources of bibliographic cataloging electronically identified by MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, BBO and Scopus, using as descriptors: Endodontics, anatomy and microscopy. The selected articles were identified from the titles and abstracts, taking into consideration the following criteria: publications ranging from January 2001 to November 2012, case reports, published in an indexed journal, and publications in English language. The search showed 167 articles related to this topic, and these 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. These indicated that a higher magnification helps coronary access and the location of channels to identify and interpret the complexities of the anatomy of root canals, the removal of nuclei and intracoronary fractured instruments, to minimize trauma of surgeries in soft and hard tissues, and detect fractures and microfractures. It was found that its use has provided Endodontics with a significant improvement in vision of the operative field, offering better quality jobs and a higher success rate.

The transcrestal hydrodynamic ultrasonic cavitational sinuslift: Results of a 2-year prospective multicentre study on 404 patients, 446 sinuslift sites and 637 inserted implants

Abstract: Introduction: In 2006 an ultrasound-surgery-based method to hydrodynamically detach the sinus-membrane utilizing the ultrasonic cavitation effect—the tHUCSL—was developed and a surgical protocol established. The aim of the study was to determine the indication-range and success-rate of this novelty procedure. Materials & Methods: Between 2007 and 2009, 404 patients were treated by 6 oral surgeons of different experience-levels with the tHUCSL in 446 sinussites. 637 implants were inserted and then prosthodontically treated and observed and documented until December 2011. The subantral space was augmented via the 3 mm transcrestal approach with an augmentation volume of 1.9 ccm (+/− 0.988 ccm) and an augmentation height of 10.7 mm (+/− 2.85 mm). Results: Within the survey-period 15 (2.35%) of the 637 inserted implants were lost, mostly before implant loading due to postsurgical infection and nonosseointegration in the augmentation site. 1 implant was lost after implant loading and prosthetic treatment within 1 year after loading. The overall success rate with functional implants in site is 97.65% evenly distributed among the participating surgeons. 86% of the patients were observed with no postsurgical swelling and 87% no postsurgical pain. Discussion: The results suggest the tHUCSL to be a safe minimal-invasive alternative to traditional lateral approach and transcrestal osteotome sinuslift-procedures applicable to all anatomical situations.

Activation of cannabinoid receptor CB2 regulates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenic gene expression in human periodontal ligament cells

Abstract: Background and Objective: It has been found that human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells express cannabinoid receptor CB2. However, the functional importance of CB2 in hPDL cells exposed to bacterial endotoxins is not known. Here we investigate if the inflammation promoter lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects CB2 expression and if activation of CB2 regulates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenic gene expression in hPDL cells. Methods: The hPDL cells were obtained from extracted teeth of periodontally healthy subjects. CB2 expression in hPDL cells exposed to LPS was deter- mined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Then, the cells were incubated with or without CB2-specific agonist HU-308 before further stimulation with LPS. In some experiments, the cells were pre-treated with CB2-specific antagonist SR144528. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of osteoclastogenic genes osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) was examined using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Results: CB2 expression in hPDL cells was markedly enhanced by LPS. HU-308 significantly suppressed the production of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α exposed to LPS, whereas SR144528 attenuated this effect. The OPG/RANKL ratio decreased when exposed to LPS, furthermore increased significantly with the addition of HU-308 and finally decreased markedly after pretreatment with SR144528. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that activation of CB2 had anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive effects on LPS-stimulated hPDL cells. These findings suggest that activation of CB2 might be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.

Plunging ranula: An interesting case report

Abstract: Background: Ranula is a retention cyst of the sublingual gland, which enlarges progressively and extends into the surrounding soft tissues The name “ranula” is derived from the Latin word “rana” meaning “frog” These represent for 6% of all oral sialocysts Two variants have described in the literature: simple oral ranula and the deep diving or plunging ranula The plunging ranula has the potential to spread into deeper parapharyngeal spaces and presents a diagnostic dilemma due to its clinical similarity with other neck masses such as cystic hygroma, thyroglossal duct cyst, intramuscular hemangioma, cystic/neoplastic thyroid disease, branchial cyst We report a case of large oral ranula involving the floor of mouth treated successfully by surgical excision Case Report: This case report involves an unusually large ranula involving right floor of the mouth in a 30-year-old female patient Following detailed clinical examination, radiological interpretation and histopathological diagnosis, surgical excision was performed along with the involved sublingual gland The patient was followed up on a regular basis and was disease free Summary and Conclusion: The best treatment for an oral/simple ranula is excision of the lesion along with the involved gland This case report involving the floor of the mouth, is interesting and unique due to its unusually large size and the complete treatment rendered by us ie, excision of the lesion along with the involved sublingual gland and the subsequent confirmation with the histopathological findings

Hybrid ameloblastoma in a nigerian: Report of a case and review of literature

Abstract: Background: Hybrid Ameloblastoma is a rare type of ameloblastoma that is presently receiving attention in some quarters Altogether, less than 30 cases have been reported in the scientific literature, thus calling for the need to report more cases in order to add to the body of knowledge on this lesion This case report is aimed to add to the number of cases that are building up in the scientific literature Materials and Methods: A 50-year-old female presented with a 3-year history of an anterior mandibular swelling extending from the body of the mandible on the right to the body of the mandible on the left Orthopantomograph of the lesion revealed a mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesion that extended from the distal region of the right mandibular second premolar to distal region of the left mandibular second molar Segmental mandibulectomy with immediate replacement with reconstruction was undertaken Results: Specimen which was subjected to histopathologic examination reported a diagnosis of Keratinizing Follicular Ameloblastoma and Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma with Osteoplasia, consistent with a diagnosis of Hybrid Ameloblastoma There has been no sign of recurrence 7 months after a regular follow-up and the patient is planned for a long term follow-up Conclusion: Besides histological details that combine both conventional ameloblastoma and desmoplastic ameloblastoma, the present case of hybrid ameloblastoma bears similar clinical features as well as treatment modalities to that of conventional solid multicystic ameloblastoma

TNF-α and RANKL facilitates the development of orthodontically-induced inflammatory root resorption *

Abstract: Background: The objective of this study was to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with severe root resorption after orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Ten patients who had been receiving orthodontic treatment (5-control subjects and 5-severe root resorption subjects) participated in this study. GCF was collected from all patients. Subjects with severe root resorption (>1/3 of the original root length) were identified. Control group subjects with no loss of the root structure undergoing orthodontic treatment were also identified. The GCF was collected non-invasively from the mesial and distal sides of each of the upper central and lateral incisors using filter paper strips. The eluted GCF was used for a Western blot analysis with Antibodies against TNF-α and soluble RANKL (sRANKL). Ten male 6-week-old Wistar rats were subjected to orthodontic force of 50 g to induce a mesially tipping movement of the upper first molars for 7 days. The expression levels of TNF-α and RANKL proteins were determined in periodontal ligament (PDL) by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The Western blot analysis showed that the TNF-α and sRANKL expressions were significantly higher in the severe root resorption group than in the control group. In the experimental tooth movement in vivo, resorption lacunae with multinucleated cells were observed in 50 g group. The immunoreactivity for TNF-α and RANKL was detected in PDL tissue subjected to the orthodontic force on day 7. Conclusion: These results suggest that TNF-α and RANKL play important roles in inducing or facilitating the development of orthodontically-induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR).

Comparison of resin composite restorations microleakage: An in-vitro study

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of total-etch and self-etch adhesives by three methods including dye extraction, dye penetration and fluid filtration with determining the correlation value among these techniques. Seventy-two premolar teeth were selected for this in vitro study and Class 5 cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of these at the cementoenamel junction area. It was applied for half of these cavities, Optibond Solo Plus (OSP) (two-step etch & rinse) and another half, Optibond All-in-One (OA) (one-step self-etch) and then all of them were restored with a light cure resin composite; Herculite XRV. Then samples were divided randomly into three subgroups based on the method of microleakage measurement (n = 12). In the first pair group, leakage was assessed by the dye extraction method. Dye penetration and fluid filtration methods were used in the second and third pair groups for the same purpose respectively. Data were analyzed by Paired t-test and Wilcoxon test and correlation coefficients (α = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the dye extraction (P = 0.657) and dye penetration (P = 0.732) methods between the microleakage of total-etch and self-etch adhesives. Microleakage of self-etch adhesive in fluid filtration technique was significantly more than total-etch adhesive (P = 0.012). No significant correlation was found among the results obtained with the three methods of microleakage evaluation. Adhesive systems showed variously behave in different methods of microleakage assessment.

Orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery: A comparative analysis of long-term stability and satisfaction in moderate skeletal Class III

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare long-term stability and satisfaction between orthodontic camouflage and orthognathic surgery in treatment of moderate skeletal Class III adults. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 adults females who had been treated with orthodontic camouflage for Class III malocclusions were recalled at least 3 years post-treatment to evaluate stability and satisfaction with treatment outcomes. The data were compared with similar data for long-term outcomes in 21 patients with the same Class III problems who had bimaxillary surgical correction. Results: In the camouflage patients, small mean changes in skeletal landmark positions occurred over the long term, although the changes were generally much smaller than in the surgery patients. Dental changes in the surgery group were more severe than those in the camouflage group. The camouflage patients reported fewer functional or temporomandibular joint problems than did the surgery patients. Both groups reported similar levels of overall satisfaction with treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that both camouflage and surgical treatment in moderate skeletal Class III adults can achieve satisfactory outcomes and provide long-term stability. If patients do not readily accept surgery because of potential surgical complications or financial difficulties, camouflage treatment may be an effective alternative treatment.

Helicobacter Pylori and Periodontal diseases: An update and proposal of a multidisciplinary clinical protocol

Abstract: Helicobacter Pylori has been closely linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and increased risk of gastric carcinoma. Oral cavity, in particular dental plaque in periodontal pockets, may be a possible reservoir harboring H. Pylori, and may therefore be involved in the gastric reinfection by the bacterium, even after triple therapy regimen. This report is an update of scientific data showing the potential localization of H. Pylori in the oral cavity of periodontitis patients. A multidisciplinary clinical protocol combining full-mouth disinfection and triple therapy is also suggested. This protocol could permit to enhance oral H. Pylori eradication.

High birth weight is a risk factor of dental caries increment during adolescence in Sweden

Abstract: This study aimed to assess whether birth weight is associated with dental caries during the teenage period. In this register-based cohort study, all children of 13 yrs of age (n = 18,142) who resided in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, in 2000 were included. The cohort was followed until individuals were 19 yrs of age. Information regarding dental caries was collected from the Public Health Care Administration in Stockholm. Data concerning prenatal and perinatal factors and parental socio-demographic determinants were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and National Registers at Statistics Sweden. The final logistic regression model showed that birth weight (≥4000 g), adjusted for potential confounders, was significantly associated with caries increment (DMFT ≥ 1) between 13 and 19 yrs of age (OR: 1.29, 95% CI = 1.13 - 1.48). The relatively enhanced risk OR was further increased from 1.29 to 1.52 in sub- jects with birth weight (≥4600 g). On the contrary, subjects with birth weight (

Shaping ability of thermomechanically treated files in simulated S-shaped root canals

Abstract: Aim: the aim of this study was to investigate the shaping ability of thermomechanically treated files manufactured by twisting(Twisted files)and compare it to conventional rotary system (K3, Sybron Endo, Orange, CA) in S-shaped canals, including formation of ledges, zipping, elbow, outer widening, danger zone, perforation and file deformation. Materials & Methods: Forty S-Shaped canals in resin blocks were randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 each. Pre-instrumentation images of the canals were taken via a digital camera and superimposed on images taken after preparation with TF and K3 systems to apical size of 25/06 and 30/06. Canal aberrations were measured from the superimposed image at five levels using AutoCAD system. Fisher exact test and Mann Whitney test were used for analysis of the data. Results: the incidence of zipping, elbow and apical transportation was significantly lower in the TF group (P = 0.04). Generally the incidence of aberration increased when the apical size increased to 30/0.06 regardless of the file system. Significant file deformation was evident in the TF after single use (P ? 0.001). Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, TF manufactured by new technique performed better than K3 systems when used up to size 25/06 in simulated S-shaped canals. Clinical significance: The flexibility of thermomechanically treated files is beneficial in canals with multiple curvatures; however, attention should be paid to the instrument taper and final apical size of the preparation.

Dysphagia in head and neck cancer: A review

Abstract: Head and neck cancers are frequently associated with dysphagia. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment etiologies have been described in the literature. The result of dysphagia has been well-documented as causing reductions in both quality-of-life and physical well-being. The goal of this review is to consolidate the current understanding of the relationship between head and neck cancers and dysphagia.

Cleidocranial dysplasia with a rare mutation: Study of a family with review of literature

Abstract: Introduction: The present study was aimed at advancing the understanding of the pathogenesis of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) by presenting a case study based on history, physical examination, typical radiological features, and molecular analysis and a review of the literature. Methods: This study began with a 23-year-old boy (proband) who was referred to the department of oral and maxillofacial radiology with chief complaint of the upper-left first molar tooth and routine dental examination. While evaluating the panoramic radiograph, the patient had approximately 57 teeth in his both of the jaws. Clinical, radiographical and molecular features of the proband, two siblings and their parents were examined and then, DNA analysis was performed. Results: Overall, we present 3 CCD patients with a mutation in the VWRPY motif. The deletion of c. 1754_1757 delTTTG (NM_001024630.2) is determined and it leads to a frame shift mutation and stop codon, p. V585Gfs56X. Conclusions: The present study emphasized the importance of further clinical and molecular investigation when even a single case of CCD is identified within a family. This is the first study performed in Turkey about a family with a mutation in the VWRPY motif. Genotype-phenotype association studies in individuals with CCD are necessary to provide important insights into molecular mechanisms associated with this disease.

Radiographic study of the root canal system of mandibular incisors in Palestinian population

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to survey the root canal morphology of mandibular incisor teeth in a Palestinian population using radiographic approach. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and twenty two extracted mandibular incisor teeth were randomly collected from Palestinian population. The teeth were radiographed from a mesiodistal direction and examined for the presence of a second canal and for the type of canal configuration. Results: All teeth had single root. Three hundred and sixty nine teeth (70.7%) had one canal (type I Vertucci classification). The rest (29.3%) had a second canal (type II and III). Conclusion: Mandibular central and lateral teeth were mostly found to have one root and Type I canal system.

Longitudinal changes in the height and location of bone bridge from autogenous iliac bone graft in patients with cleft lip and palate

Abstract: Background: Secondary alveolar bone graft has been widely used for the closure of maxillary bone defects in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). However, the log-term stability of grafted bone in detail remains unclear. Purpose: To evaluate the nature of longitudinal changes in the grafted bone from autogenous iliac bone in patients with CLP for more than 2 years after the surgery. Methods and Subjects: The subjects were 124 CLP patients treated with iliac bone graft in Hiroshima University Hospital from 1997 to 2007. The height and location of the bone bridge was evaluated radiographically before and after surgery. Results: 1) Bone graft was performed at a mean age of 12.5 (±4.2) years old. The canines on the cleft side were not erupted at the surgery in 60.0%. All canines erupted except for the congenital missing and impacted ones (11.3%) within 2 years after bone graft; 2) The height of the bone bridge was more than 11 mm in 71.8% of all patients 1 month after surgery. In addition, the location of bone bridge in 66.1% of all patients were clinically satisfactory. However, these rates decreased time-dependently owing to bone resorption after the bone graft. Conclusions: In conclusion, it is shown that autogenous bone graft produce a sufficient bone bridge in the jaw cleft area by the long-term evaluation of the changes in height and location of bone bridge, although some amount of time-dependent bone resorption is inevitable.

Effect of restorative techniques on fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars

Abstract: Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of restorative materials and glass fiber post on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars. Material and Methods: Fifty extracted single rooted lower premolars were used in this in vitro study and divided into 5 groups: sound teeth (control group); mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) preparation + endodontic treatment + composite restoration; MOD preparation + endodontic treatment + glass fiber post + composite restoration; MOD preparation + endodontic treatment + amalgam restoration; MOD preparation + endodontic treatment + glass fiber post + amalgam restoration. The specimens were loaded on a universal testing machine at the crosshead speed of1 mm/min until fracture. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA test. Results: The mean loads at fracture were 860.11 N, 801.79 N, 761.39 N, 737.14 N and 707.85 N respectively. There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in the fracture resistance of teeth restored with composite and amalgam, as well as restored with or without glass fiber post. Conclusions: The type of restorative material and the usage of glass fiber post do not have visible influence on the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated mandibular premolars.

Morphometrical findings among dysplasias of oral, cervical and bronchial regions

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare among dysplasia of oral, uterine cervix and bronchus. Using a computer cytomorphometry cell measurement program, the study was based on a retrospective review of smear cases diagnosed with dysplasia of oral, bronchial and uterine cervix, from 2002 to 2010. For 50 - 70 cells from each lesion, nuclear (N) and cytoplasm (C) variables were assessed: area (A), diameter (D), irregularity (I), stain brightness and granularity. NA and ND were highest in OSCC and higher according to dysplastic grading. By contrast, CA and CD were lowest in severe dysplasia. The significant difference of N/C ratio was observed among OSCC to inflammation, mild and moderate dysplasias (p

Fluid filtration and dye leakage testing of Resilon/Epiphany and guttapercha/Pulp Canal Sealer root canal fillings

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare sealing abilities of Resilon/Epiphany (R/E) with those of guttapercha and Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer EWT (GP/PCS). 50 single rooted teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 22) (R/E; GP/PCS), and 2 control groups (n = 3) (Positive, Negative). Fluid flow rate through the filled roots was measured using a fluid filtration device. The same specimens were immersed in a 2% Methylen Blue Solution. Roots were embedded in clear epoxy resin and cross sectionet at 1 mm intervals along the length of the root. Circumferential dye penetration was evaluated at 40× magnification. Fluid filtration of teeth obturated with the R/E system (0.085 [0.057, 0.113] μL·min-1), and dye penetration test showed no statistically significant difference compared to those obturated with GP/PCS (0.113 [0.057, 0.141] μL·min-1). Within the limits of the present study, there is no statistically significant difference between R/E and GP/PCS sealing abilities.