Showing papers in "Organizational Behavior and Human Performance in 1968"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized and integrated research concerned with a long-neglected topic in psychology: the relationship between conscious goals and intentions and task performance, and concluded that any adequate theory of task motivation must take account of the individual's conscious intentions and intentions.

TL;DR: In this paper, data from the first five years of the careers of a group of managers were employed to test Maslow's hierarchy of human needs in three ways, and no strong evidence for either Maslow hierarchy or a revised two-level hierarchy was observed.

TL;DR: This article developed a model of organizational participative decision making (PDM) which emphasizes equilibrium and social change using attitudes as a mediating variable, the analysis explores organizational homeostatic reactions to an experimental PDM program.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effect of various leadership styles on subordinate performance and found that performance shapes the following leadership styles: closeness of supervision, initiating structure, consideration for subordinate.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used measurement techniques adapted from Fishbein's attitude theory to predict the work effectiveness of a group of 82 telephone company service representatives and found that the predictions were found to relate significantly to ratings of job involvement and effort, company performance appraisals, and error and sales data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a more refined model of social equity to encompass the obtained results, which indicated that Other is chosen over Own equity, overpayment is selected when a condition of Other equity exists, but underpayment when a state of Own equity exists.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined decision speed, measured without the subject's knowledge, and sequential confidence revision in a two-choice decision task, where subjects were presented with ten sequences of 20 events from one of two data-generating devices.

TL;DR: This article examined the effects on conservative revisions of training subjects about the implications of data, and found that estimated sampling distributions were good predictors of revisions and, as a result of training, both the sampling distributions and the revisions became more veridical.

TL;DR: This paper showed that subjects' conditional response distributions had greater dispersion than the corresponding conditional reinforcement distributions, and that the size of this effect increased as a function of the absolute magnitude of γe and was most evident with high and low stimulus arrays.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of piece-rate overpayment on productivity and work quality were studied in order to test some of the predictions of Adams' theory of equity, and the implications of these findings for motivation theory were considered.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the individual's responses to members of a set of stimuli are based on his internalized conception of them and can be revealed by multidimensional scaling analysis of his judgments of interstimulus similarity.

TL;DR: This article examined the effect of overpayment on job productivity, the relationship between quality and quantity of job performance, and the impact of known production rates on equity resolution, finding that the relative emphasis on quality (vs. quantity) in job performance seems to be a function of the perceived instrumentality of quality as a basis for equity resolution.

TL;DR: The importance of cue redundancy as a variable in multiple cue inference tasks was demonstrated in this article, which strongly supports Brunswik's argument for representativeness in probabilistic inference research.

TL;DR: A technique for generating efficient signs or symbols for use in visual communication is described and illustrated, and a series of experiments undertaken to evaluate this technique are presented.

TL;DR: When data are sampled from a population and subjects revise probability estimates about which population is being sampled, their revisions are less than the optimal amount calculated by using Bayes's theorem; they are conservative as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, two basic forms of cooperation that can occur in a work group are defined in detail using structural role theory, and indices for measuring collaboration and coordination are presented, some of the problems and advantages of a structural role analysis of these task dimensions are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a Bayesian F4est was used to compare the confidence of intuitions about the subjective magnitudes of sample variances to the probabilities that would have resulted if the ratios of sample variance had actually been the ratios that, the subjects reported.

TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical test of the Herzberg methodology and two-factor theory was carried out using several comparable sets of data collected from the same subjects, and the results failed to support the Herberg methodology as a reliable measure of job satisfaction or the Two-Factor Theory as valid.

TL;DR: For example, this article found that more risks were taken on −1 trials than + 1 trials, but changes over trials, undetected in previous research, were also evident, showing no evidence for the "risky shift" sometimes observed for individual-group comparisons.

TL;DR: Correlations between subjects' estimates and probabilities generated by the correct circular normal model and by a simple incorrect ratio of distances model showed six subjects using the wrong model with great accuracy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the adequacy of subjectively expected utility (SEU) models for Bayesian decision making was evaluated and the predictions were independent of individual measures of subjective probability or utility.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between a manager's rated effectiveness, the level of open communication which exists between himself and his subordinates, and the manager's ability to accept differences (to differentiate) between people.

TL;DR: In this paper, subjective posterior odds favoring a reference hypothesis were found to be a simple power function of corresponding Bayesian posterior odds, and the value of the exponent was related to the diagnostic impact of individual evidence items.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the power-function model describes the adaptation of both sets of groups very efficiently and that a strong relationship between the parameters of this model may provide a method of predicting group adaptation curves at the initiation of task performance.

TL;DR: Target displacement and track coherence in pursuit tracking tasks experiments for human performance studies were performed in this article, where the target displacement and tracking coherence were evaluated for pursuit tracking task.

TL;DR: This article extended the work by Breer and Locke (1965) on the effect of task experience on the development of attitudes by assigning subjects to a task where rational problem solving approaches were instrumental to task success, or where rational approaches were less instrumental.