Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 

About: Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research is an academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Craniofacial. It has an ISSN identifier of 1601-6335. Over the lifetime, 980 publications have been published receiving 23316 citations. The journal is also known as: Orthodontics & craniofacial research & Orthodontics and craniofacial research.

The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate and repair dental structures

Abstract: Structured Abstract Authors – Shi S, Bartold PM, Miura M, Seo BM, Robey PG, Gronthos S Objectives – Identification, characterization, and potential application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from human dental tissues. Methods – Dental pulp and periodontal ligament were obtained from normal human impacted third molars. The tissues were digested in collagenase/dispase to generate single cell suspensions. Cells were cultured in α-MEM supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 μM l-ascorbate-2-phosphate. Magnetic and fluorescence activated cell sorting were employed to characterize the phenotype of freshly isolated and ex vivo expanded cell populations. The developmental potential of cultured cells was assessed following co-transplantation with hydroxyapetite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) particles into immunocompromised mice for 8 weeks. Results – MSC were identified in adult human dental pulp (dental pulp stem cells, DPSC), human primary teeth (stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, SHED), and periodontal ligament (periodontal ligament stem cells, PDLSC) by their capacity to generate clongenic cell clusters in culture. Ex vivo expanded DPSC, SHED, and PDLSC populations expressed a heterogeneous assortment of makers associated with MSC, dentin, bone, smooth muscle, neural tissue, and endothelium. PDLSC were also found to express the tendon specific marker, Scleraxis. Xenogeneic transplants containing HA/TCP with either DPSC or SHED generated donor-derived dentin-pulp-like tissues with distinct odontoblast layers lining the mineralized dentin-matrix. In parallel studies, PDLSC generated cementum-like structures associated with PDL-like connective tissue when transplanted with HA/TCP into immunocompromised mice. Conclusion – Collectively, these data revealed the presence of distinct MSC populations associated with dental structures with the potential of stem cells to regenerate living human dental tissues in vivo.

Cone beam computed tomography in craniofacial imaging.

Abstract: Author– Sukovic P Cone beam computed tomography (CT) has the potential to reduce the size and cost of CT scanners. Because this emerging technology produces images with isotropic submillimeter spatial resolution, it is ideally suited for dedicated dentomaxillofacial CT scanning. When combined with application-specific software tools, cone beam computed tomography can provide dentomaxillofacial practitioners with a complete solution for performing specific diagnostic and surgical tasks, such as dental implant planning. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of cone beam scanning technology and compare it with the fan beam scanning used in conventional CT scanners. We introduce ‘DentoCATTM’, a relatively small, low-cost cone beam CT scanner dedicated for dentomaxillofacial imaging developed at Xoran Technologies. We present images generated by the DentoCATTM scanner and provide an assessment of its performance in terms of spatial resolution and effective radiation dose. Finally, we illustrate the clinical utility of the scanner by presenting the results we have obtained to date using the DentoCATTM scanner in conjunction with an implant planning software tool.

Isolation and characterization of multipotent human periodontal ligament stem cells

Abstract: Structured Abstract Authors – Gay IC, Chen S, MacDougall M Backround – Periodontal ligament (PDL) repair is thought to involve mesenchymal progenitor cells capable of forming fibroblasts, osteoblasts and cementoblasts. However, full characterization of PDL stem cell (SC) populations has not been achieved. Objective – To isolate and characterize PDLSC and assess their capability to differentiate into bone, cartilage and adipose tissue. Methods – Human PDL cells were stained for STRO-1, FACS sorted and expanded in culture. Human bone marrow SC (BMSC) served as a positive control. PDLSC and BMSC were cultured using standard conditions conducive for osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Osteogenic induction was assayed using alizarine red S staining and expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP). Adipogenic induction was assayed using Oil Red O staining and the expression of PPARγ 2 (early) and LPL (late) adipogenic markers. Chondrogenic induction was assayed by collagen type II expression and toluidine blue staining. Results – Human PDL tissue contains about 27% STRO-1 positive cells with 3% strongly positive. In osteogenic cultures ALP was observed by day-7 in BMSC and day-14 in PDLSC. BSP expression was detectable by day-7; with more intense staining in PDLSC cultures. In adipogenic cultures both cell populations showed positive Oil Red O staining by day-25 with PPARγ 2 and LPL expression. By day-21, both BMSC and PDLSC chondrogenic induced cultures expressed collagen type II and glycosaminoglycans. Conclusions – The PDL contains SC that have the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes, comparable with previously characterized BMSC. This adult PDLSC population can be utilized for potential therapeutic procedures related to PDL regeneration.

Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption.

Abstract: Structured Abstract Authors – Segal GR, Schiffman PH, Tuncay OC Objective – To elucidate possible treatment-related etiological factors – such as, duration of treatment and apical displacement – for external root resorption. Design – Meta-analysis of the available English-language literature. Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria – Papers with a sample size >10, fixed appliances, pre- and post-operative radiographs, and apical displacement recorded were included. History of trauma, prior root resorption and endodontic treatment were excluded. Appropriateness of these selections was tested with a ‘funnel plot’ analysis. Outcome Measure – Correlations between root resorption, apical displacement, and treatment duration. Results – Mean apical root resorption was strongly correlated with total apical displacement (r = 0.822) and treatment duration (r = 0.852). Conclusion – The treatment-related causes of root resorption appear to be the total distance the apex had moved and the time it took.

Orthodontic measurements on digital study models compared with plaster models: a systematic review

Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of the use of digital models to assess tooth size, arch length, irregularity index, arch width and crowding versus measurements generated on hand-held plaster models with digital callipers in patients with and without malocclusion. Studies comparing linear and angular measurements obtained on digital and standard plaster models were identified by searching multiple databases including MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO, ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register and Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database, without restrictions relating to publication status or language of publication. Two authors were involved in study selection, quality assessment and the extraction of data. Items from the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy included in Systematic Reviews checklist were used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. No meta-analysis was conducted. Comparisons between measurements of digital and plaster models made directly within studies were reported, and the difference between the (repeated) measurement means for digital and plaster models were considered as estimates. Seventeen relevant studies were included. Where reported, overall, the absolute mean differences between direct and indirect measurements on plaster and digital models were minor and clinically insignificant. Orthodontic measurements with digital models were comparable to those derived from plaster models. The use of digital models as an alternative to conventional measurement on plaster models may be recommended, although the evidence identified in this review is of variable quality.