Showing papers in "Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology in 2005"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of a compilation of palaeobotanical and lithological data from 125 sites over China, that has revealed two completely different patterns of climate zones: the Palaeogene pattern with a broad belt of aridity stretched across China from west to east, and the Neogene patterns with the arid zone restricted to northwest of China which has persisted until today.

TL;DR: The Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP) is one of the largest Mesozoic carbonate platforms of the Perimediterranean region as mentioned in this paper, which is defined as an isolated palaeogeographical entity.

TL;DR: O2 isotope data for early diagenetic cherts indicate surface temperatures on the order of 55-85 °C throughout the Archean, so early thermophilic microbes could have been global and not just huddled around hydrothermal vents as often assumed as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a multidisciplinary approach to study the microbial role in carbonate sedimentation and lithification in marine stromatolites and provided a picture of microbial mats as bioreactors producing a biosignature.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured annual shell growth rates of a 374-year-old (radiometrically confirmed) bivalve mollusk specimen of Arctica islandica (Linnaeus).

TL;DR: In this paper, the abundance, production, and degradation of extracellular polymeric secretions (EPS) in the upper layers of a microbial mat forming shallow subtidal stromatolites at Highborne Cay, Bahamas, were determined using 14 C tracer experiments and were integrated with measurements of other microbial community parameters.

TL;DR: A dataset of 160 isotope δ13C and δ18O values from anisian, Ladinian, Carnian and Rhaetian articulate brachiopod shells, complemented by 158 carbon and oxygen isotope values from whole rock carbonates, define the first continuous stable isotope baseline trends for the Triassic seawater as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Ostracoda (microscopic, aquatic Crustacea) from brackish waters have a great potential for ecological monitoring and palaeoenvironmental analyses in highly variable environments as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the geographic distribution of 32 diatom species/taxa preserved in the sediments of three zonally-distinct regions; Sea Ice, Open Ocean and the Tropical/Subtropical.

TL;DR: In the Early Cambrian, a dramatic increase in the diversity of distinct ichnotaxa was associated with the onset of vertical bioturbation and the disappearance of a matground-based ecology.

TL;DR: The Khunamuh Formation of the Guryul Ravine section in Kashmir provides one of the most detailed deep-water records of the end-Permian mass extinction in Perigondwanan palaeolatitudes as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between metazoan competition and seawater saturation state of seawater for the Phanerozoic Eon (past 545 Myr) from a peak 500 Myr ago.

TL;DR: In this article, Mutvei's solution simultaneously etches biogenic carbonates and calcium phosphates, fixates the soluble and insoluble organic matrices and fibers, and stains mucopolysaccharides, and produces a filigreed three-dimensional relief of etchresistant ridges (growth lines) and etched depressions (growth increments) and stains skeletal growth structures in shadings of blue.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed two hundred sixty-four δ 18 O and δ 13 C values of brachiopod shells and 81 of these values were characterized as well preserved and biostratigraphically well defined, which were then utilized for construction of baseline oxygen and carbon isotope curves for the Permian interval.

TL;DR: In this article, a high-resolution benthic stable oxygen isotope record from ODP Site 1085 located at the southwestern African continental margin was used to provide a detailed chronology for the middle to late Miocene (13.9-7.3 Ma) climate transition in the eastern South Atlantic.

TL;DR: A 33.65m-long IMAGES (MD982195) core with very high sedimentation rate (ca. 80 cm/kyr), retrieved from the northern part of the East China Sea, was analyzed at 10 cm intervals (about 125 years) for oxygen-carbon isotope of Globigerinoides ruber (sensu stricto), sea surface temperature (SST) from alkenones (U37′K), and principal component analysis of planktonic foraminiferal assemblage as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, several aspects of subsurface microbiology are discussed and the well-established sequences of redox couples in microbial metabolism are investigated at elevated temperatures using a thermodynamic approach.

TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated approach using fluorescence and electron microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization, lipid biomarkers, stable isotopes (δ13C), and petrography revealed insight into the anatomy of concretionary methane-derived carbonates currently forming within the sediment around seeps.

TL;DR: Two active chemoherm build-ups growing freely up into the oceanic water column, the Pinnacle and the South East-Knoll Chemoherms, have been discovered at Hydrate Ridge on the Cascadia continental margin this article.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated whether the end-Triassic biotic crisis was coupled with a perturbation of the marine C-isotope budget, and found that high CO2 levels were responsible for the biocalcification crisis, carbonate platform collapse, and the sudden release of methane from gas hydrate.

TL;DR: In the geological record, scleractinians dominated turbid-water bioconstructions that accumulated under substantial terrigenous input, along with shallow neritic marls rich in well-preserved corals are common.

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive carbon isotopic characterization of total organic carbon (TOC) and individual higher plant leaf waxes from five loess sequences spanning the last 35 ka from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) was performed.

TL;DR: For example, this paper found that shallow tiers were preserved to a greater extent than typical for most of the Phanerozoic, which can be attributed both directly and indirectly to the low levels of sediment mixing.

TL;DR: In this article, a method for estimating the depositional depth evolution of marine basins based on the percentage of planktonic foraminifera with respect to the total (planktonic and benthic) foraminiferal association was proposed.

TL;DR: In this article, Zhao et al. conducted magnetic and geochemical measurements of two long (∼2.5 My) loess-palaeosol sequences from different locations on the modern precipitation gradient across the loess plateau.

TL;DR: In this paper, the results of laboratory experiments with biofilms on quartz sand and glass were compared with material from the field, and they concluded that biofilm growth in marine (sub-aquatic) and terrestrial (subaerial) conditions can significantly increase the breakdown of silica in the amorphous (glass), sub-crystalline (chert), crystalline and granular forms of quartz.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed aragonitic shells of the Butter Clam, Saxidomus giganteus (DeShayes, 1839), to determine the reproducibility of the isotopic signal between individuals and to assess how precisely temperature could be calculated given known salinity and temperature.

TL;DR: The Hetang sponge fossils, at their face value, indicate that that hexactinellids evolved no later than the Nemakit-Daldynian–Tommotian and perhaps in the late Neoproterozoic, and the demosponges and calcareans evolved no earlier than the Atdabanian; the divergence of sponge classes therefore appears to be part of the Cambrian Radiation event.

TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of biostratigraphically useful taxa such as Ericsonia, Discoaster, Fasciculithus, Rhomboaster and Tribrachiatus is studied.