Showing papers in "Peptides in 1994"

TL;DR: New findings are presented on potent, nonpeptide CCK antagonists, selective for the two CCK receptor subtypes, which demonstrate that endogenous CCK has biologically important effects on physiology and behavior.

TL;DR: The data showed that the established phase of hypertension in rats harboring the mouse Ren-2 gene is associated with overexpression of the renin-angiotensin system in brain regions participating in the endocrine regulation of blood pressure.

TL;DR: Data suggest that NPY produces phase shifts by some mechanism other than by inducing wheel running or by inhibiting the response of SCN neurons to light and supports a role for NPY in nonphotic shifting of the circadian clock.

TL;DR: This study shows that GLP-I and exendin-4 are potent agonists at the transfected rat B-cell GLp-I receptor whereas oxyntomodulin is only a weakGLP- I receptor agonist.

TL;DR: Although repeated central infusions of galanin reliably stimulated daytime intake of both diets, they failed to increase total daily energy intake or body weight.

TL;DR: Somatostatin (SRIF) peptides with high SSTR2 affinity and antiproliferative properties were potent inhibitors of [125I]MK-678 binding to several tumor types, suggesting that they may exert antitumor effects via the Sstr2 receptor.

TL;DR: Findings may support the notion that PACAP plays a regulatory role in neuronal growth and development, as it rapidly increased between E18 and the birth and then increased more slowly throughout the postnatal period to reach a peak at 1 MO.

TL;DR: The purification and primary structure of PYY(1-36) (PYY-I) from rabbit intestinal mucosa are reported, and the existence of a second endogenous molecular form of PIFF, PYY-II, is confirmed, consistent with previously reported findings.

TL;DR: In salt-loaded rats, increases in plasma angiotensin II levels in response to hemorrhage in normal rats were severely blunted, whereas ang Elliotensin plasma levels increased proportionately to the loss of blood volume.

TL;DR: Replacement of the 1-2 peptide bond of AIV with the methylene bond isostere psi (CH2-NH), increased the Ki approximately fivefold, indicating that the peptide Bond may be replaced while maintaining relatively high-affinity receptor binding.

TL;DR: This highly sensitive assay provides a biochemical evidence that kinins may act as proinflammatory mediators, and highlights a compensatory increase of kininase I and II activities in inflamed tissues.

TL;DR: Increased NPY concentrations in specific hypothalamic regions, particularly the arcuate nucleus where NPY is synthesized, suggest increased activity of the hypothalamic NPYergic system in lactation.

TL;DR: The brain and the retrocerebral complex of the locust, Locusta migratoria, were examined for the presence of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) using an RIA specific for -RFamide and both peptides showed inhibitory activity on the locUST oviduct.

TL;DR: Tyrosinase activity was less affected by alanine substitution than binding affinity, which suggests that full receptor binding is not required for maximum biological response, and important new insights are revealed into the role of individual residues.

TL;DR: Recent applications of enzyme catalysis in peptide synthesis are reviewed, a brief history of the development of these techniques is presented, and existing strategies and tactics of regio- and stereospecific peptide bond syntheses catalyzed by proteolytic enzymes are summarized.

TL;DR: The results show that Tyr-MIF-1 labeled with either 3H or 125I can serve equally well for the measurement of transport across the blood-brain barrier, that Mif-1 has relatively substantial and rapid access from the blood to the CNS by directly crossing theBBB, and that the BBB can differentially regulate the exchange of related substances between the CNS and blood.

TL;DR: In rats adapted to a three-choice macronutrient diet, cyclo-Asp-Pro specifically inhibited fat intake and had near maximal inhibition at the 0.03 nmol dose, suggesting that the enterostatin inhibitory effect on fat intake may reside in the cycle-diketopiperazine molecule, cycloing asp-pro.

TL;DR: The present study suggests that the chemical form of zinc-chelating beta-alanyl-L-histidine (AHZ) can reveal a potent anabolic effect on osteoblastic cells, and that AHZ directly stimulates protein synthesis.

TL;DR: Investigation of the effect of bombesin, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and neuromedin C on the proliferative response of lymphocytes from murine axillary nodes, spleen, and thymus shows that these neuropeptides modulate the lymphoproliferative response.

TL;DR: In vitro AP experiments have been designed to avoid the interference of hypothalamic or peripheral hormones, and to explore if the endogenous AP peptide has a similar action by using blockers of peptide receptors or antisera immunoneutralizing the peptide.

TL;DR: HPLC fractionation of CNS, neurohemal structures, and hemolymph reveals immunoreactive material that coelutes with synthetic Locusta-DP and stimulates cyclic AMP production by locust tubules.

TL;DR: An identical CRF-related diuretic peptide was isolated and characterized from whole-body extracts of the house fly, Musca domestica, and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans and stimulates cyclic AMP production in Manduca sexta Malpighian tubules and increases the rate of fluid secretion by isolated Musc domestica tubules.

TL;DR: Two different approaches used successfully with other peptides in an attempt to identify new VIP receptor antagonists are adopted, one involving the formation of pseudopeptides by insertion of reduced peptide bonds in the NH2-terminus from position 2 to 8 of VIP and the other by combining VIP(6-28) and PACAP(28-38).

TL;DR: The present data suggest that restraint stress activates gene expression of endogenous opioid systems in the hypothalamus and that the employed stress paradigm is of sufficient magnitude to stimulate both mRNA expression and release of PRL in the anterior pituitary lobe.

TL;DR: In vivo rat gastric acid and pancreatic amylase release and binding to rat pancreatic acinar cells seem to be controlled by different receptors and effects on both endocrine and exocrine pancreas appear to be type 4 receptor mediated.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a saturable [125I]GIP binding site with the pharmacological properties of an authentic GIP receptor is expressed in certain regions of the rat brain.

TL;DR: The sixteenth installment of the annual review of research concerning the opiate system is presented, restricted to papers published during 1993 that concern the behavioral effects of the endogenous opiate peptides, and does not include papers dealing only with their analgesic properties.

TL;DR: Two peptides, related to the locust myotropic peptides locustatachykinin I-IV, were isolated from the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria, suggesting that immunolabeling of blowfly neurons with these antisera is due to neuronal callitachykinins.

TL;DR: Results show that orcokinin may be released into the hemolymph and may act as a hormone, in addition to its role as a locally acting neurotransmitter/modulator.

TL;DR: Two initial analog series of AST4 were examined for the ability of each analog to inhibit JH biosynthesis by corpora allata in vitro and suggested that a secondary structural element(s) at the C-terminus ofAST4 could be important to the biological activity.