Showing papers in "Personality and Individual Differences in 1981"

TL;DR: In this paper, the rank order stability of individual differences in altruism across situations is examined and it is found that substantial consistency occurs when due regard is given to the principle of aggregation, and a self-report altruism scale, on which respondents rate the frequency with which they have engaged in some 20 specific behaviors, is found to predict such criteria as peer-ratings of altruism, completing an organ-donor card, and paper and pencil measures of prosoeial orientation.

TL;DR: In this article, the Eysenck's P scale was used to test certain hypotheses concerning the link between aggressive-paranoid tendencies and hallucinatory predisposition in a prison sample.

TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt was made to circumvent these problems by testing Eysenck's undersocialization-poor conditionability prediction on a sample of 101 15-year-old male schoolchildren using self-report and teacher rating measures of socialization in conjuction with skin conductance measures of classical conditioning.

TL;DR: In this article, eight separate samples of high school and university students (Total N = 410) in Britain and Canada were used to test predictions from Eysenck's theory that delinquents should be high scorers on scales of extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.

TL;DR: The discordance between an electrodermal and a subjective measure of disturbance was studied in 36 males as mentioned in this paper, where subjects were asked to rate on visual analogue scales how disturbing they found the questions.

TL;DR: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) was administered to 644 children in grades 4, 5 and 6 as discussed by the authors and the intercorrelations among the 40 STAIC items were subjected to a principal components analysis using unities in the diagonals.

TL;DR: A detailed sexual fantasy questionnaire was completed anonymously and returned by post by a sample of 90 Londoners stratified by sex and social class and representing a 30% return rate as discussed by the authors. Men and women were equally likely to accept and return the questionnaires.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the performance of 285 matched pairs of Black and White children from the standardization sample on the 12 subtests and 3 IQ scales of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R).

TL;DR: English language reports on the relationship between extraversion and performance in extra-sensory perception tasks are reviewed in this paper, where significant confirmations of a positive relationship occur at over six times the chance error rate whilst only one significant reversal of the effect is to be found.

TL;DR: This paper conducted a regression analysis of arithmetic posttest scores with the interaction of extraversion scores from the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ) and classroom rank-order of the ratio of teacher-presented reward to teacher presented punishment.

TL;DR: For example, this paper found that subjects with high neuroticism scores had poorer mood on average and showed greater variation in mood pattern from one occasion to another than did more stable subjects.

TL;DR: For example, the authors found that respondents preferred environmental explanations to the causes provided relating to personal qualities for attributing the determinants of wealth to individuals in the UK, and that these findings have important implications both for attribution theory itself and in an improved understanding of the nature of political attitudes.

TL;DR: The present study reports the averaged IQ scores in 21 European countries, collected during a period exceeding five years, using Cattell’s Scale CFT3, a non-verbal, culture-fair test which is particularly appropriate for comparisons of different nationalities.

TL;DR: This paper examined Eysenck's theory of criminality from a new approach by using cluster analysis to demonstrate the heterogeneity of personality types in a delinquent sample (N =100) and in a comparison group (n = 100).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated extraversion, neuroticism and threat of punishment in a detection of deception paradigm and found that extraversion was related to accuracy of detection such that those with high scores on this dimension were more likely to be classified correctly as guilty or innocent.

TL;DR: The effects of personality structure on subsequent substance use was examined in this paper, where data were collected from 841 men from Zurich questioned twice at the age of 19 and 22 about drug use and personality using multiple regression and canonical correlation analysis methodology.

TL;DR: The Wilson-Patterson Conservatism Scale and Form D of the Rokeach Value Survey were administered to 115 introductory psychology students (63 males, 52 females) to determine the value pattern of a conservative individual.

TL;DR: In this paper, differential electrodermal indices relevant to Eysenck's theory of criminology and subsequent modifications of this theory were compared in a prison sample selected for ‘good’ home backgrounds and a student sample.

TL;DR: The authors reviewed the psychometric properties of the Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and found that the 16PF scales which were particularly poor in terms of scale consistency were L, M and N with C, O and Q4 emerging as measures of the same trait of anxiety.

TL;DR: The factored homogenous item dimension (FHID) as discussed by the authors was proposed by Comrey in 1970 and was defined as a measure of the probability of a variable having a given response frequency across choices.

TL;DR: In this article, a more detailed analysis of the interactive effect, undertaken by combining the personality and sedation threshold scores from three studies, was carried out and the results as a whole are discussed with reference to the possible neurophysiological mechanisms mediating depressant drug action and personality differences.

TL;DR: Men were more interested in casual encounters and sexual variety than women, and there was no sign at all that this difference has diminished among the modern generation as mentioned in this paper, while women in both age groups reported boredom and disinterest in sex as problematic.

TL;DR: This finding gives support to the hypothesis of a genetic factor underlying P, and indicates the possibility of using P-scores in the selection of more homogeneous patients groups for other researches, as well as a factor in prognostic prediction.

TL;DR: In this article, an experiment using invasion of personal space as a means of increasing arousal level tested the hypothesis that extraverts' performance at a relatively "inspective" task would be impaired under conditions of increased arousal while they would perform better than introverts under more "responsive" conditions.

TL;DR: Controlled (N = 10) and under-controlled homicides were compared by a cluster analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles as mentioned in this paper on five sets of variables: intellectual, background, Prison Officer's ratings, indices of institutional discontent and attitudes toward prison.

TL;DR: A 6-month behavioral project was carried out at HM Borstal Feltham, Middlesex, a custodial institution for young male offenders aged 16-21 serving an indeterminate sentence of between 6 months and 2 years as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The P score correlated with a high stress score, and certain stress items differentiated extreme high and low P scorers.