Showing papers in "Personality and Individual Differences in 1983"

TL;DR: The field of psychology has not suffered from neglect by psychologists interested in the study of individual differences as discussed by the authors, with most personality theorists in agreement that some kind of person-situation interaction provides the best way of viewing any area where consistencies in individual behavior can be shown to exist across situations of some diversity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that recent conceptual and technical advances should now make it possible to show joint factors at the second-order level using standard factor techniques, and they provide strong evidence for the validity of the proposed three-domain model of personality.

TL;DR: The Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ) as discussed by the authors is a short 20-item scale which was designed to assess degree of favourableness of attitude towards one's own marriage.

TL;DR: This article found that high-impulsive subjects underproduce time intervals in time-judgment tasks; this and other findings suggest that high impulsive subjects have a faster cognitive tempo than low-imulsive subjects.

TL;DR: Etude experimentale portant sur les facteurs genetiques determinant le comportement type A et ses composantes as mentioned in this paper, a.k.a.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the extent to which an EP/intelligence relationship may depend on stimulus intensity and found that intelligence is correlated with the number and amplitude of components in the EP waveform.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors attempted to identify biochemical systems associated with the personality dimensions of extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N), Psychoticism (P), Sensation Seeking (SS) and Impulsivity (Imp).

TL;DR: There are more than 30 studies relating the EEG to extraversion and all known studies are tabulated in this paper, and all of them are set within the framework of Eysenck's (1967) theory of the neurophysiological basis of extraversion-introversion and Neuroticism-stability.

TL;DR: The authors found that introverts reach a point of optimal arousal at lower levels of stimulus input than do extraverts and hence should show earlier asymptotes and decrements in arousal measures.

TL;DR: This article found that the degree of inbreeding depression on mental abilities is most strongly correlated with the subtests' loadings on the General Factor, g, which is common to all of the sub-tests.

TL;DR: Wechsler's WISC-R subtests, such as Tapping Span and Information, have been shown to have significant differences between the sexes as mentioned in this paper, with females exceeding males by about half of a SD.

TL;DR: A gene causing the index finger to be shorter than the ring finger is said to be dominant in men but recessive in women, with the result that more women have longer forefingers than men.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of psychoticism and extraversion on classical eyelid conditioning were examined using a balanced design involving two levels of paraorbital shock intensity and two level of response threshold.

TL;DR: In this paper, a factor-analytic description of the data was compatible with a polydrug model in which a number of personality and behavioural traits (cigarette, alcohol, drug usage) cluster together.

TL;DR: For example, this paper found that secondary psychopaths exhibited significantly higher Guilt scores than the normal subjects and had very poor self-image which was reflected in a constant feeling of guilt, regardless of whether or not they were rating transgression.

TL;DR: The authors found that high and low impulsives may have adopted different strategies or may have experienced different motvational states during the course of the experiment, which is consistent with the assumption that there is an arousal dimension which is common to both caffeine and body temperature and that this dimension is central to the observed pattern of performance.

TL;DR: In this paper, two conflicting viewpoints were identified regarding the relationship between sensation seeking and subjective response to stimulation: (a) that sensory augmenters are high sensation seekers compared with sensory reducers (the view of Zuckerman and Buchsbaum); and (b) that it is the reducer rather than the augmenter who is the high sensation seeker.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between personality traits, current mood state and the retrieval of positive and negative memories was investigated and the relevance of these findings to studies demonstrating a relation between mood and memory retrieval was discussed.

TL;DR: The Self-Monitoring Scale (SMS) as mentioned in this paper was administered to over 200 subjects from seven groups who differed in terms of age, sex, culture and social adequacy, along with other self-report social-skill scales.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the overgeneralized construct of arousal, pointing out some of the problems of speaking of it as mediated by a single system, and discuss relationships between arousal measured in different systems.

TL;DR: In a study of approx. 700 adolescents, it was shown that psychoticism and status aspiration are significant variables in the prediction of educational achievement as discussed by the authors, and the most important determinant of educational attainment was found to be intelligence.

TL;DR: Furnham et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the relationship between belief in the Protestant Work Ethic (PWE) and general conservative beliefs among a population of normal British aduhs.

TL;DR: In this paper, inverse relationships were obeserved for extraversion and psychoticism with the electrodermal response to visual stimuli, and a lowered response to words for low sensation seekers was observed that appeared to be influenced by skin conductance level.

TL;DR: As predicted from this model, rats with septal lesions, like disinhibited humans, were less likely to delay gratification than controls when given a choice between waiting 10 sec for an assured reinforcement and an immediately available, though infrequently delivered, reinforcement.

TL;DR: The EPQ and a lifestyle questionnaire were completed by 77 members of the Paedophile Information Exchange (PIE), a self-help club for men who are sexually attracted to children.

TL;DR: The differences between introverts and extraverts in the response to sensory stimulation and in the expression of motor activity may be referred to differences at the level of the sensory and motor nerve as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Compared with a control sample of neurotics' relatives, measures based on such a conception of the biological basis of schizophrenia offer considerable promise as high-risk indicators of psychopathology.