Showing papers in "Personality and Individual Differences in 1985"

TL;DR: In view of certain psychometric deficiencies of the original psychoticism scale, an attempt was made to improve the scale by adding new items as discussed by the authors, which was attempted to increase the internal reliability of the scale, improve the shape of the distribution and increase the mean and variance score.

TL;DR: The I7 Impulsiveness Questionnaire as mentioned in this paper is a modified version of the original I5 Questionnaire with seven factors (i.e. psychoticism, extraversion, Neuroticism, Lie score, impulsiveness Venturesomeness and Empathy).

TL;DR: In this paper, the Eysenck scales measuring neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism and lie are correlated with self-report and peer-rating measures of the five-factor model.

TL;DR: Differential K Theory as mentioned in this paper is proposed to help systematize individual and group differences in life histories, social behaviour and physiological functioning, and between-species comparisons demonstrate that these reproductive strategies correlate with a variety of life history traits including: litter size, birth-spacing, parental care, infant mortality, developmental precocity, life span, intelligence, social organization and altruism.

TL;DR: Two forms of the Launey-Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS) measuring disposition toward hallucination were given to 150 male undergraduate students and scores on both forms were approximately normally distributed and a high test-retest reliability was observed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors employed a multitrait-multimethod approach to verify the finding that hedonic level and emotional intensity are two separate major dimensions of affect, and the convergent validities (monotrait-multi-method correlations) were all significant and tended to be highest for emotional intensity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of individuals high and low in trait anxiety was compared on a cognitive task involving letter transformation, in the presence or absence of monetary incentive for superior performance.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present results of recent studies on Irritability and Emotional Susceptibility scales, which have been proposed primarily for the research on individual differences concerning the manifestation of impulsive aggression.

TL;DR: In this article, the Locus of Control and Risk-taking Propensity (LCP) and nAch were compared with the concept of entrepreneurship and significant differences were found and led to a clarification of the concept.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between personality, stress and disease, particularly cancer and cardiovascular disease, both from the correlational and the causal points of view, and concluded that there is good ecidence linking these diseases with different patterns of personality, and these links suggest a causal relation.

TL;DR: The relationship between the personality trait of neuroticism and mechanisms of cognitive processing is reviewed in this article, where major experimental findings in this area are described and used to evaluate a number of different cognitive theories, including spreading-activation, self-schema and fragmentation models.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between two behavioral measures of impulsivity and several personality inventories frequently used to assess inpulsivity were examined using 40 male Ss. The behavioral measures involved a motor-inhibition (MI) task and time-interval (TI) estimation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 19-item Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was found to significantly correlate with time-of-day effects on these three circadian activity measures, as well as with parental report of the S's peak activity time.

TL;DR: In this paper, two models of reciprocal interactionism are offered: choice of situations and congruence response models, where the choice model proposes that individuals select situations and avoid others on the basis of certain underlying needs and dispositions.

TL;DR: Wilson-Patterson Conservatism (C) and Zuckerman's Sensation-seeking (SS) scores were investigated in relation to music preferences in a group of 43 students as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was used to measure personality and intelligence, and the results indicated that personality differences can be assessed from performance on tests such as the WAIS with particular reference to Gittinger's personality assessment system.

TL;DR: The relationship between interpersonal behaviour variables has been shown to be defined by a circular ordering, or circumplex, within the framework of a two-dimensional space as discussed by the authors, and it is proposed that Cleckley's criteria of psychopathy represent one axis of this system, hostility vs warmth.

TL;DR: The authors found that the academically gifted differ from their nongifted age-peers in more than just scholastic knowledge and advanced problem-solving skills, they differ fundamentally in speed of information processing on extremely simple cognitive tasks with average response latencies of between 0.3 and 1.5 sec.

TL;DR: The relationship between entertainment activity preference and sensation-seeking was investigated by survey and actual movie selection and viewing as discussed by the authors, and Cardiac rate and rate change was monitored during movie selection, viewing and viewing.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors tried to discover the position of sense of humor in personality space and found that the separation of appreciation of humor into the independent components of funniness and rejection is appropriate since they are located in different parts of the personality space.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Self-consciousness Scale (SCS), Self-monitoring Scale (SMS) and the Embarrassibility Scale (ES) were administered to over 100 Ss.

TL;DR: In this paper, 30 Ss were presented with pairs of words simultaneously under the instruction to shadow one ear while ignoring the other (the Focused Attention condition) or to shadow the other ear while attempting to remember the other.

TL;DR: In this article, 60 male Ss who were classified as high or low scorers on the Sarason Test Anxiety Scale performed a difficult anagrams task either alone, before a passively observing experimenter or in the presence of an experimenter who both observed and evaluated the S's performance.

TL;DR: In this article, two postural conditions (standing, reclining) were used to induce high and low activation levels in normal Ss divided into two groups (high and low P groups) (HP and LP).

TL;DR: In this paper, race differences are hypothesized such that, in terms of K, Mongoloids > Caucasoids > Negroids, and behavioural restraint was indexed by low E and high N scores.

TL;DR: In an exploratory study of the higher-order factor structure of the Motivation Analysis Test (MAT) and the Eight State Questionnaire (8SQ), Boyle (1983c) obtained an 11-factor solution comprising 9 second-order MAT factors and 2 higherorder 8SQ factors as mentioned in this paper, however, application of more conservative criteria regarding the size of significant factor pattern loadings, significance of derived factors, together with reinterpretation of the appropriate Scree break, suggest that in Boyle's earlier analysis 2 factors too many were extracted.

TL;DR: In this paper, a correlational study in a student sample was carried out to test the relationship between sensation seeking, as measured by the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) Form V, and antisocial behaviour, evaluated by a Self-reported Delinquency (SRD) scale, and the results obtained show, as predicted, a positive relationship between either the SSS Total score or its subscales, (Experience Seeking and Disinhibition) with the SRD.