Showing papers in "Personality and Individual Differences in 1988"

TL;DR: While a general latent inhibition main effect was evident, high-P scorers showed significantly less latent inhibition, i.e. less retardation of learning to the irrelevant stimulus, but not when the degree of predisposition to psychosis was determined by the LSHS.

TL;DR: The authors found that Caucasoids fall between Mongoloids and Negroids in terms of brain size and intelligence, which may be explained in part by gene-culture coevolutionarily based r/K reproductive strategies.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the factor structure of three scales to measure meaning in life, the purpose in life (PIL) test, the life regard index (LRI) and the sense of coherence (SOC) scale.

TL;DR: Eysenck, 1987a, 1987b; Grossarth-Maticek, 1986; and Grossarth and Maticek as discussed by the authors proposed a system of typology for predicting cancer and cardiovascular disease in people who experience certain types of stress.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that several heretofore seemingly unrelated factors which have been found associated with serious victimful criminal behavior (i.e. serious violent and property offenses) in numerous countries are predictable by hypothesizing that criminal behavior is part of an r-selected approach to reproduction.

TL;DR: In this article, a psychometric study was carried out involving a sample drawn from a population of first year university students (n = 735) to assess the relationship between personality dimensions and psychopathological traits of psychosis proneness.

TL;DR: Testosterone levels in female inmates and female college students were found to be significantly higher with unprovoked violence and lowest with defensive violence, where inmates had reacted violently after being physically assaulted.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effects of individual differences on heart rate reactivity and recovery following exposure to a laboratory stressor (performance on the Stroop task), using personality scales used were EPI Extraversion and Neuroticism and four subscales comprising the Emotion Control Questionnaire.

TL;DR: This paper used a divided visual field (DVF) procedure to investigate the cerebral organization of language processes in psychopaths and found that psychopaths may have fewer left hemisphere resources for processing language than do normal individuals.

TL;DR: A validated Dutch version of Zuckerman's sensation seeking (SS) scale was sent to a population of downhill skiers, and it was expected that injured skiers would have higher thrill and adventure seeking (TAS) scores compared to a control group of uninjured skiers as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, three basic parameters are important in central information processing: (1) the information flow to the short term storage CK (15.0 ± 3.1 bit/sec in adults), (2) the duration of presence (retention in primary memory) = TR (5.4 ± 0.8 sec in adults).

TL;DR: Based on Thayer's two-dimensional arousal model, several questions were investigated, including the relationship between endogenous diurnal rhythms of energetic arousal and various psychological functions as mentioned in this paper, and theoretical issues relating to Eysenck's arousal theory of extraversion and neuroticism, and associations involving the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated cross-modality consistency and relationships between cortical and peripheral responses and found that high disinhibitors showed stronger orienting (deceleratory) heart rate responses to visual and auditory stimuli while lows showed stronger defensive (accelerate) HR responses.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between psychometric measures of intelligence and the clinical Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Task (PASAT) and found that PASAT is correlated with general intelligence and numerical ability.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between humor and coping with stress for trainees in a course for combat NCOs in the Israel Defense Forces and found that humor as rated by peers (but not by self-report) was positively related to performance under stress.

TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between extraversion, as measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), and skill at decoding nonverbal forms of communication and found that extraverts were significantly more accurate in interpreting the meaning of nonverbal communication than introverts.

TL;DR: In this article, a large scale study has shown no racial differences in diagnoses or on the MMPI that fit Rushton's theory, and the analysis of international data on the EPQ is selective, ignoring the variance within racial groups and the scale of greatest relevance for his theory.

TL;DR: In this article, a Japanese version of the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) and food preference questionnaire were administered to a total of 105 students (66 males and 39 females). Preference ratings of 70 foods were factor analyzed and 7 factors concerning food preference patterns were extracted.

TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt was made to induce memory errors through the use of misleading questioning in hypnosis and subjects heard a short news-like story and gave initial free recall for the story details, then 4 days later were given three free recall trials: prior to hypnosis, following hypnotic induction and suggestion for enhanced memory, and after hypnosis was terminated.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of three studies in which scores obtained on single and competing tests were correlated with the composites representing fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, and the short-term acquisition and retrieval function.

TL;DR: The short-scale EPQ-R as mentioned in this paper proposes 12 item indices of E, N and L. The reliability and validity of these short indices and their relationship with religiosity are explored among 181 15- and 16-yr olds in comparison with the longer scales of the EPQ, JEPQ and JEPI.

TL;DR: In this article, the concept of psychocentrism was measured by two scales: one of preferred destinations and another of preferred activities while on vacation, and it was found, for females, that psychocentrics were less neurotic but more extraverted than allocentrics.

TL;DR: In this paper, a short form of the JEPQ, consisting of four scales of six items each, is developed from the original JEPq. The properties of this short questionnaire, its correlations with the parent longer questionnaire and the relationship between both short and long forms of the questionnaire and religiosity are explored among 181 15- and 16-year olds.

TL;DR: In this paper, the proposed mechanism of protective inhibition can accouple the potential augmenting/reducing and extraversion or sensation seeking, but it is not proven to be effective.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that goal-specific multidimensional locus of control scales hold greater promise for predicting behavior. But the authors do not consider the failure to test the measured tendency against multiple act criteria.

TL;DR: In this article, a study was designed to test the validity of a typology and measure of styles of loving by examining the relationships among love styles, romantic experience and sensation seeking.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the recent controversy regarding frontal lobe deficits in psychopaths and more generally the question of a relationship between psychopathy as variously attributed (by legal criteria, by clinical-behavioural criteria, and by psychometric criteria) and performance on a task used in the assessment of frontal lobe function, Nelson's Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

TL;DR: The role of sensation seeking in the enjoyment of humour was investigated in this article, where it was hypothesized that the personality trait sensation seeking is able to predict both, the structure and content of jokes and cartoons.

TL;DR: Hardiness is conceptualised as a personality characteristic which encompasses three component traits (commitment, challenge and control), and acts as a resistance resource mitigating the adverse effects of stressful life events as discussed by the authors.