Showing papers in "Personality and Individual Differences in 1995"

TL;DR: This paper developed new scales for assessing schizotypal traits, including unusual experiences, cognitive disorganisation, introvertive anhedonia and impulsive non-conformity, which were incorporated into a new questionnaire, the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings & Experiences (O-LIFE).

TL;DR: In this paper, a 40-item questionnaire, designed to measure perfectionism defined in terms of both positive and negative outcome, was administered to 281 women; a comparison group (N = 225), an eating disordered group(N = 21), a depressed group (n = 15) and successful athletes (n= 20), a factor analysis of the results extracted three factors; negative perfectionism including both personal and social items; positive personal perfectionism; and positive social perfectionism.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the development of a social comparison scale using the semantic differential approach and explore the relationship between this scale and psychopathology, which is derived from evolution theory and focus primarily on judgements of social rank, relative attractiveness and group fit.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers' self-assessments of their driving abilities and investigated correlations among three driving inventories and six general personality measures.

TL;DR: The authors argued that substantial racial difference s do exist, and their pattern can only be explained from an evolutionary perspective, and they used evolutionary theory to test for racial differences in behaviour. '

TL;DR: The Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BERJQ) as mentioned in this paper is a measure of emotional expressivity with three facets: impulse strength, negative expressivity, and positive expressivity.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between three dimensions of children's peer relations, namely the tendency to be victimized, to bully and to be prosocial and depression, and found a significant association between depression and bullying.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors trace the sources of trait procrastination by locating it within the five-factor personality structure, and find that the most relevant adjectives to the problem are "undisciplined", "lazy", "disorderly", and "unciplined".

TL;DR: In this paper, a 12-item Money Ethic Scale (MES) was developed based on a sample of 740 subjects and three factors were identified: Success, Budget, and Evil.

TL;DR: Testosterone, crime, and prison behavior were examined among 692 adult male prison inmates as discussed by the authors, and the findings indicated differences between low and high testosterone individuals in the amount and pattern of their misbehavior.

TL;DR: The depressive personality styles described by Blatt (dependency and self-criticism) and Beck (sociotropy and autonomy) are associated with distinctive approaches to close relationships as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the "risk-taking" personality correlates of field measures of driver behaviour and driving records and found that subjects who report a need for more tension, risk and adventure in their lives exhibit a driving style characterized by such actions as travelling at excessive speeds and carelessly changing lanes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of the three-factor theory of personality in procrastination and found that conscientiousness accounted for a significant portion of the unique variance of individual's scores in the NEO-PI-R and Aitken's Procrastination Inventory.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the contribution of attachment styles and perceived social support to levels of anxiety and depression and found that subjective satisfaction with social support contributes to the prediction of felt distress beyond attachment styles.

TL;DR: In this paper, a two-stage learning task was developed to examine the role of personality in mediating: (1) the development of appetitive and aversive CS-UCS associations; and (2) passive avoidance of aversiveCSs, and approach to appetitive CSs, in instrumental learning.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined how sense of humor relates to the cognitive appraisals that individuals make for various events and situations they encounter and found that more humorous individuals changed their perspective more often for stressful events, and found such changes to be beneficial.

TL;DR: In this paper, national mean scores for extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism were obtained for a large sample of nations together with national means for the work ethic and competitiveness.

TL;DR: In this article, a sample of 224 teachers rated 10 randomly selected children, aged 4-12, on a set of 25 bipolar scales, making the five factors: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Intellect/Openness.

TL;DR: A replication and extension of the Singh studies is presented in this paper, in which both female and male figures are considered, in addition to different aspects of physical attractiveness, the so called Big Five factors of personality are considered.

TL;DR: In this article, the Peer Victimization Scale (PVS) was used to identify children who are bullied at school, which is a 6-item scale which can be immersed within the Self-Perception Profile for Children thus reducing the saliency of the items and therefore minimising the effects of social desirability.

TL;DR: Smetana, Bridgeman and Turiel as mentioned in this paper examined the influence of the proposed mechanism on the observed moral/conventional distinction for positive acts and found that psychopaths and the controls responded to these items similarly.

TL;DR: This paper examined peoples' attitudes toward money (the Money Ethic Scale, MES) as related to intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction, stress, and work-related attitudes in a sample of mental health workers.

TL;DR: The internal consistency reliability, unidimensionality and construct validity of the Francis scale of attitude toward Christianity (adult) was supported among four samples of undergraduate students: 378 in the U.K., 212 in the USA, 255 in Australia and 231 in Canada as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the relationship between measures of happiness and personality, using multiple regression and a range of personality measures and found that extraversion and neuroticism were the main predictors as has been previously found.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the ability of psychopaths and non-psychopathic, incarcerated controls to attribute emotions to others and found that the dominant emotion attributions to the protagonist was happiness or indifference.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the structure and personality correlates of desired moods and find that individuals differ in the moods they find desirable, due to the level of arousal inherent in different mood states.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between EPQ dimensions, proneness to depression and severity of depressive symptoms was examined in a sample of university students and the results suggest that Neuroticism is related to mood variation reflecting current depressive symptoms and depression vulnerability within nonclinical groups.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined differences in personality and health-related ailments among 40 young women who were selected for high (HI) and low (LO) self-ratings of shyness and sociability.

TL;DR: In this article, university students were rated six times by five tutors over three years on a number of dimensions which were demonstrated to be internally and longitudinally reliable, referring to their seminar behaviour, the probabilistic final examination outcome, weekly attendance and the number of essays written.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between basic dimensions of personality and passive-avoidance learning (PAL) deficit in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic criminals, and found that the most consistent personality measure with psychopathy was Impulsive Sensation Seeking (ImpSS), but the relationship was only significant for Whites, and not for Blacks and Hispanics.