Showing papers in "Personality and Individual Differences in 1997"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced a new individual difference variable, time perspective, as an important predictor of risky driving behavior, and found that present time perspective is significantly correlated with reported risky driving behaviors.

TL;DR: The Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ) was developed to measure external, introjected, identified, intrinsic and amotivated forms of regulation for exercise behavior as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, two different theoretical models have been used to explain relationships between the personality dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism and the affect dimensions of positive and negative mood, and the results best fit predictions derived from Eysenck's model.

TL;DR: Using weighted least-squares confirmatory factor analysis, support was found for the bi-dimensionality of optimism and pessimism defined as positive and negative outcome expectancies, thus, replicating previous findings (Chang, D'Zurilla & Maydeu-Olivares, 1994; Marshall et al., 1992).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined Weiss' typology of social and emotional loneliness and found that emotional loneliness can be broken into two aspects: romantic emotional loneliness, and family emotional loneliness.

TL;DR: Frick and Hare as discussed by the authors investigated the ability of two groups of children with emotional and behavioural difficulties, divided according to their psychopathy screening device scores, on the moral/conventional distinction and emotion attribution tasks.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between personality, attachment styles and birth order in a sample of 100 Dutch men and 100 Dutch women and found that laterborns were more jealous according to all three measures than firstborns, a finding that was not due to personality differences between first-and later-borns.

TL;DR: This paper examined the role of adult attachment styles in differentiating depressed and non-depressed college students, and the association between attachment styles and the depressive personality vulnerabilities, sociotropy and autonomy.

TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-cultural replication of Singh's studies is presented, where participants' perceptions of body shape and size showed both similarities and differences to those in Singh's research, and are discussed in terms of waist-to-hip ratio as an evolutionary adaptation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the association between religiosity and scores on Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire to a Moslem population and developed the Moslem Attitude towards Religion Scale, which was associated with lower Psychoticism scale scores and higher Lie scale scores.

TL;DR: The contribution of alexithymia can make to the understanding of medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUS) was studied in 244 subjects drawn from a range of medical and non-medical situations as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, personality traits as assessed by the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) were found to be stable after 9 years, both with regard to mean level stability (absolute stability) and rank-order stability (relative or differential stability).

TL;DR: In this paper, overconfident subjects were given immediate feedback of results in a general knowledge test in an attempt to de-bias them, but no significant effect of external feedback was found, although better calibration in latter trial blocks for hard-level questions suggests that intrinsic feedback through self-monitoring occurred, but was effective in reducing the bias only for hard questions.

TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to determine whether preferences for enhanced and exaggerated bass in popular and more traditional forms of music are related to personality and gender differences, and the results showed that psychoticism, gender, and extraversion are all positively related to preference for enhanced bass.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between the Big Five and Holland's RIASEC vocational interest model in a large sample of last-year students (N = 934) enrolled in different educational majors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the value of predicting cross-national variations in Subjective Well-Being (SWB) from Hofstede's dimensions of national culture (1980) was examined using data collected in 36 nations.

TL;DR: The authors found that social failure could not account for the co-variation of matingeffort and delinquency, and perceived mate value was related to mating-effort only weakly.

TL;DR: The relation between perfectionism, anxiety, and self-consciousness was studied in a normal sample as mentioned in this paper, and it was concluded that perfectionism is a more relevant construct in the study of anxiety than is public selfconsciousness, but these correlations disappeared when the relevant dimensions of perfectionism were controlled for.

TL;DR: This paper used a variation of this method to investigate basic information processing mechanisms underlying anger arousal and found that anger words interfered with the performance of high or low trait anger according to the Trait Anger Scale.

TL;DR: In this article, a new inventory, the Driver Social Desirability Scale (DSDS), for measuring driver impression management (DIM) and driver self-deception (DSD), was introduced.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper developed a general measure of happiness of Chinese people based on results from a qualitative research done with Chinese people in Taiwan, as well as translating items from a well-established Western instrument.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between dissociative experiences, trait-anxiety and paranormal beliefs among students was investigated and significant gender differences were found; females scored higher than males on the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) by Bernstein and Putnam (The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 727-735, 1986) and some subscales of the revised Paranormal Belief Scale by Tobacyk (A Revised Paranormal belief Scale, unpublished manusript, 1991), such as psi belief, witchcraft, superstition and precognition.

TL;DR: The data revealed that computer anxiety is associated with slower completion of simple computer tasks and that this performance deficit is independent of both the prior level of computer experience and the level of state anxiety of the user.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined individual responses to a provoking situation in which there is a delay between instigation of aggression and opportunity to retaliate, and concluded that higher levels of aggression are exhibited by personality types who have the tendency to harbour thoughts and feelings of vengeance with the passage of time.

TL;DR: The internal structure of the COPE inventory (Carver, Scheier & Weintraub, 1989), a questionnaire which measures 15 different coping strategies, was studied in the Italian version of COPE.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the potential moderating influence of self-esteem on stress appraisal and reactivity in a stress-inducing laboratory exercise, and found that participants who are exposed to a high selfesteem manipulation show less stress responsivity.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline the relevance of the states of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood for research on the emotion of exhilaration and outline the construction strategy for the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory (STCI) is outlined.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test for an association between religiosity and happiness, and find no evidence that religious people are happier than non-religious people, among two samples of undergraduate students.

TL;DR: For example, this paper found significant correlations between psychopathy and the two measures of deception, and between the use of sexual deception and some indicators of sexual experience and interest, suggesting that psychopathy is related to a general tendency to deceive.

TL;DR: The authors found that the Big Five personality dimensions and preference for surreal art were not strong, suggesting that narrower measures of personality may be better predictors of preference for specific types of art.