Showing papers in "Personality and Individual Differences in 1999"

TL;DR: The existence of two nearly-orthogonal dimensions of positive and negative affect was established for a ten-item short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule using confirmatory factor analytic techniques in a large probability sample (n=2651) spanning ages 18 to 79 as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the psychophysiological responsiveness of children with emotional and behavioral difficulties, divided according to their psychopathy screening device (PSD) scores (Frick and Hare, in press) to distress cues, threatening and neutral stimuli was investigated.

TL;DR: A review of the evidence relating to these theories provided by studies of c.n.s. and a.m. psychophysiology, subjective affect, conditioning and attention and performance can be found in this article.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors make a distinction between within-session and between-session chasing, and examine the determinants of withinsession chasing in a reasonably valid laboratory analogue, where male college students who gambled (N=248) were given US$10 and an opportunity to gamble.

TL;DR: The Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) as mentioned in this paper assesses the Big Five factors of personality, both for self-ratings and for others ratings, and can be administered in 10-15 min.

TL;DR: In this article, a short form (s-EMBU) consisting of three scales (rejection, emotional warmth and protection) with, respectively, 7, 6 and 9 items (plus 1 unscaled item) was developed from the original 81-item version.

TL;DR: The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) was developed in the U.S.A. as mentioned in this paper to represent a multi-item scale for the overall assessment of life satisfaction as a cognitive-judgemental process, rather than for the measurement of specific satisfaction domains (e.g. health, material wealth).

TL;DR: Higher levels of testosterone were significantly associated with lower pitched voices among males but not among females, and there are two plausible explanations of a link between testosterone and pitch.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the association between self-esteem and free cortisol stress responses with regard to experimentally induced success or failure, and found that subjects performance covaried with their selfesteem.

TL;DR: This study investigates the psychophysiological responsiveness of children with autism and comparison groups to distress cues, threatening and neutral stimuli and results are interpreted with reference to the violence inhibition mechanism model and possible frontal lobe dysfunction in autism.

TL;DR: In this article, a self-presentation tactics scale (SPT) was developed to measure individual differences in their propensity to use self-monitoring, social desirability, and assertive selfpresentation.

TL;DR: In this article, a total of 92 job applicants completed the Eysenck Personality Profiler (EPP) which measures the three primary (superfactor) traits (as well as 21 second-order factors), and the Work Values Questionnaire, which requires subjects to rate how important various work factors were to them when considering applying for a job.

TL;DR: Altemeyer et al. as discussed by the authors examined right-wing authoritarianism using data from 39 monozygotic and 38 dizygotic adult reared apart twin pairs and 423 monozygotics and 434 dizygotic adults reared together twin pairs, finding that genetic factors accounted for about 50% and unshared environment for 35% of the phenotypic variance.

TL;DR: This article explored the relationship between disgust sensitivity, the Big Five, and gender using a sample of 132 men and women undergraduates, finding that disgust sensitivity does vary according to gender, with women reporting greater sensitivity to disgust stimuli than do men.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between personality variables (extraversion, neuroticism, achievement motivation), perceived social support and overall psychosocial adjustment to university life (measured in terms of absence of loneliness and overall subjective satisfaction with several social and academic aspects of university life).

TL;DR: For instance, this article found that personality variables (extraversion, neuroticism) and certain learning styles (reflector, pragmatist) were statistically significant predictors of rated performance, though they accounted for only 10% of the explained variance.

TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion of three controversial issues about the Big Five (1) Is the five-factor model comprehensive? (2) How should the amount of variance accounted for by the big five be measured? (3) Do the Big five represent the highest hierarchical level of personality description? Subjects were 115 men and women in the age range from 20 to 63 years.

TL;DR: In this paper, two independent studies were conducted to examine the effectiveness of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) as a screening tool for dissociative pathology and found that the experiences tapped by the DES may well be related to everyday cognitive failures and/or fantasy proneness.

TL;DR: The results indicate that, contrary to conventional folk wisdom, evening-types are more likely to have higher intelligence scores than morning-types, and this result is discussed in relation to current theories concerning the nature of human cognitive abilities.

TL;DR: In this paper, the dimensions of the five-factor model of personality could be used as predictors of athletic performance and demonstrated the utility of the model as a theoretical paradigm capable of organizingpersonality research on athletic competition.

TL;DR: This article examined personality and demographic correlates of happiness and mental health in Britain, China (Hong Kong) and Japan among comparable groups, finding that British participants reported higher levels of happiness, mental health and extraversion compared to similar groups in China and Japan.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between personality traits and alcohol consumption was studied in a sample of 149 non-alcoholic women using the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R).

TL;DR: This article investigated the relationship between perfectionism and statistics anxiety using a multivariate approach and found that graduate students who hold unrealistic standards for significant others and those who maintain a perceived need to attain standards and expectations prescribed by significant others tend to have higher levels of statistics anxiety associated with interpretation anxiety, test and class anxiety, computational self-concept and fear of asking for help.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used factor analytic and covariance structure analysis techniques to examine the differences in the Big Five personality structure between males and females in terms of agreeableness and low emotional stability.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between the basic coping modes problem-solving, social support seeking and avoidance was investigated in a sample of 137 psychiatric in-patients, using both a dimensional and a categorical approach.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated and compared various self-rating loneliness instruments to determine the extent to which they measure either a single construct or many related constructs, including social loneliness, emotional loneliness, negative affect and family loneliness.

TL;DR: This article examined the relation of religion, defined in terms of religious affiliation, religious involvement and religious orientation, to the five factor model of personality as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised using a religiously heterogeneous sample of 1129 Canadian university students.

TL;DR: A functional neuroanatomical model is presented which suggests that greater tonical activation of the left temporal cortex increases the susceptibility to experience negative emotions.

TL;DR: For instance, this article found that there were consistent sex differences in the estimations of the three factors for self, but not of parents, and only marginally of sisters, while males more than females, and the British more than the other groups, were more likely to believe in sex and race difference in intelligence.

TL;DR: This paper used Latent Variable Path Analysis (LPA) with Partial Least Squares Estimation (PLSE) to predict school performance problems, behavior problems and positive social behaviors.