Showing papers in "Personality and Individual Differences in 2006"

TL;DR: The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) as discussed by the authors ) is a psychometrically sound 30-item scale with an internal consistency of Cronbach alpha =.93 was able to demonstrate the increase in mindfulness after the retreat and to discriminate between experienced and novice meditators.

TL;DR: The authors examined correlations between three widely used personality measures (i.e., BIS-11, I7, and MPQ) and four laboratory-task measures of impulsive behavior (behavioral inhibition (2), delay discounting, and risk taking) in 70 healthy adult volunteers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared five specific samples (ranging from adolescents to elderly) on their reported use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (Rumination, Catastrophizing, Self-blame, Other-Blame, Acceptance, Positive Reappraisal, Putting into Perspective, Positive Refocusing, Planning) and on the relationships between these strategies and symptoms of depression.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether burnout and its positive antipode, work engagement, could be differentiated on the basis of personality and temperament, and found that high neuroticism is the core characteristic of burnout, whereas work engagement is characterized by low neuroticism in combination with high extraversion and high levels of mobility.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the degree to which these constructs could be identified in 82 persons recruited from the general population, predicting that the dark triad would emerge as a single dimension denoting the cardinal interpersonal elements of primary psychopathy.

TL;DR: In this paper, a specific hypothesis was tested: self-efficacy expectations, as a representation of a capable self, and perceived social support, as representation of helpful world, shape optimism which is an outcome expectation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a short 18-item version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), which was used to evaluate the emotional regulation of individuals.

TL;DR: Cavanagh et al. as discussed by the authors developed the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale (DPSS) to distinguish between disgust propensity and sensitivity, and found that disgust propensity is associated with certain disorders, such as fear of blood and fear of spiders.

TL;DR: This article investigated the utility of combining these variables in the prediction of self-reported driving anger expression and the frequency of aggressive and risky driving behaviors and found that different combinations of predictors are needed to explain different aspects of driving behavior.

TL;DR: The EQ-S theory has been tested using the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotsient (SQ) as discussed by the authors, and the results suggest that the EQ-Short and SQ-Short are useful instruments for measuring fundamental cognitive styles.

TL;DR: In this paper, a twofold morally-extended general version of the planned behavior theory (TPB) is tested using a classical, trait-like conception of individual attitude, which is based on compound measures.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the dimensionality of the COPE inventory and examined its relationships with approach-and avoidance-motives and positive and negative traits, and found that self-sufficient, socially-supported, and avoidant-coping coping factors were associated with behavioral activation and positive traits.

TL;DR: This paper explored the linkages between the five-factor model of personality and Meyer and Allen's (1991) model of organizational commitment using a field sample and found that extraversion was significantly related to affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors elaborate the nomological net surrounding the constructs of reactive (RA) and proactive aggression (PA) and conclude that the role of Neuroticism warrants further exploration as a means for understanding the heterogeneity of aggressive behavior.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a short MSSQ-Short to predict individual differences in motion sickness caused by a variety of stimuli, including motion types (cars, boats, planes, trains, funfair rides, etc.).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared Likert and semantic differential response formats with respect to psychometric properties and concluded that the semantic differential format may effectively reduce acquiescence bias without lowering psychometric quality.

TL;DR: The psychometric properties of the empathy quotient (EQ) measured by Baron-Cohen (2003) are examined in this article, where confirmatory factor analyses comparing a unifactorial structure and a three correlated factor structure suggest that the three factor structure proposed by Lawrence et al.

TL;DR: In this paper, a three-factor structure of alexithymia was identified in children of two age groups (740 children recruited from primary schools (mean age 11 years) and secondary schools (means age 13 years), although the factor Externally-Oriented Thinking showed low factor loadings and a low reliability.

TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic retention and found that students who persisted in their studies were significantly higher than those who withdrew on a broad range of emotional and social competencies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined how computer-game preference relates to mental-rotation test (MRT) performance and to gender differences and found that computer game preference was unrelated to MRT performance.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined further the psychometric properties of the highly sensitive person scale (HSPS) and its association with the behavioural inhibition system (BIS) and behavioural activation system (bAS) and demonstrated that the HSPS is a valid and reliable measure of the construct of SPS.

TL;DR: In this article, a preliminary investigation of how variations in trait and state hope are associated with positive adaptation to stress in later adulthood was provided, and the results from multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses suggested that daily hope provides protective benefits by keeping negative emotions low, while also contributing to adaptive recovery from stress.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the development and initial validation of a measure of adult attachment styles based on Bartholomew's (1990, 1997) model and adapted for use with individuals with psychosis.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a preliminary investigation of the association between a common self-report measure of impulsivity, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and four behavioral paradigms of inhibitory control (motor inhibition, stop signal, Stroop, and negative priming) in normal adults (n = 31; age range: 19-51).

TL;DR: For example, the authors found that faces high in symmetry received significantly higher ratings of attractiveness, health, and certain personality attributes (i.e., sociable, intelligent, lively, self-confident, balanced).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the frequency of social comparisons and four uncertainty-related constructs, namely, self-concept clarity, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, and depression, with 166 undergraduates who completed measures for each construct, as well as measures of their own frequency of general, upward, and downward social comparisons.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the threshold theory with a representative sample of 1328 German school students from varying school types including specialized schools for the gifted and found that correlations between creativity and intelligence are of comparable size throughout the whole ability range.

TL;DR: The authors found that female students experienced higher mathematics test anxiety, whereas male students were significantly higher in numerical task anxiety, after adjusting for the differences in previous mathematics experiences, while older students experienced high mathematics test and course anxiety but were lower in numerical tasks anxiety.

TL;DR: This article used a semi-projective measure, the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) study, to assess subjective responses to frustration following two nights without sleep.