Pharmaceutical Sciences 

About: Pharmaceutical Sciences is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Essential oil & Solubility. It has an ISSN identifier of 1735-403X. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 487 publications have been published receiving 2244 citations.

Pharmaceuticals Solubility is Still Nowadays Widely Studied Everywhere

Abstract: *Corresponding Author: Fleming Martínez, E-mail: fmartinezr@unal.edu.co ©2017 The Authors. This is an open access article and applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. Pharmaceuticals Solubility is Still Nowadays Widely Studied Everywhere Fleming Martínez, Abolghasem Jouyban, William E. Acree Jr. Grupo de Investigaciones Farmacéutico Fisicoquímicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia –Sede Bogotá, Cra. 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5070, USA.

Wound Healing Potential of Methanolic Extract of Scrophularia striata in Rats

Abstract: Background: Scrophularia striata is a well-known plant in Iranian traditional medicine and its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties make it a logical adjuvant to improve wound healing. This study was designed to evaluate the wound healing potential of S. striata on cutaneous wounds in rat. Methods: A full-thickness excisional wounds was induced on the back of 75 Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were randomly allocated into five groups, treated with 1ml basal cream, 1ml tetracycline (3%), 1ml S. striata 5%, 1ml S. striata 10% and untreated (control). Five animals of each group were euthanized at each of 10, 20 and 30-days post-injury (DPI) and wounds were assessed through gross and histopathological analyses. Results: Treated rats with S. striata showed a significant decrease in the wound area during the experiment compared to other groups. Additionally, treatment with S. striata decresed the number of lymphocytes and enhanced the number of fibroblasts at the earlier stages and increased number of fibrocytes at the later stages of wound healing. Other parameters such as alignment of the healing tissue, re-epithelilization and epithelial formation, enhanced maturity of the collagen fibers and fibroblasts and large capillary-sized blood vessels showed significant changes when compared to control. The best wound healing activity was observed with the high dose of S. striata. Conclusion: The present study showed that application of S. striata extract on wounds induces considerable wound contraction and accelerates healing and it may be suggested for treating different types of wounds in animal and human beings.

Nano Phytosomes of Quercetin: A Promising Formulation for Fortification of Food Products with Antioxidants

Abstract: Background: Phytosomes are recently introduced drug delivery system and novel botanical formulation to produce lipophilic molecular complex to improve absorption and bioavailability of phytoconstituent. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid with different biological effects and contributed in food preserving by free radical scavenging activity. However, bioavailability of Quercetin is an important limiting factor for its antioxidant activities. Purpose: To overcome this limitation, in the present study we aimed to produce Quercetin-loaded nano phytosomes to improve its physicochemical stability and bioavailability. Methods: Quercetin-loaded nano phytosome was prepared by using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol (CH). Quercetin nano phytosomes system was characterized by particle size analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results: Results showed that formulation with the Quercetin: PC: CH molar ratio of 1: 2: 0.2 had lower particle size (80 nm) and higher encapsulation efficiency percent (98%). Results also indicated that incorporation of cholesterol improved the physical stability of nano phytosome for over three weeks. The DSC data showed that incorporation of Quercetin in the phospholipid bilayer reduced the phase transition temperature of bilayer in the nano phytosome structure resulting higher release and bioavailability. Conclusion: Nano phytosomal formulation of Quercetin showed promising potential in fortification of food products with water insoluble antioxidants.

Antibacterial Activity of Copper Oxide (CuO) Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Bacillus sp. FU4: Optimization of Experiment Design

Abstract: Background: There are several methods for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) including chemical, physical and biological process. In this study, Bacillus sp. FU4 was used as biological source for biosynthesis of CuO NPs. Methods: CuO NPs have been prepared by copper sulfate (CuSO4). CuO NPs were formed after oxidation of Cu NPs. Design and analysis of Taguchi experiments (an orthogonal assay and analysis of variance (ANOVA)) carried out by the Qualitek-4 software. Average effect of CuSO4 concentration (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 M), incubation and culturing time (48, 72, 96 hours) as three controllable factors with three levels were evaluated in CuO NPs biosynthesis. Characterization of CuO NPs was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the antimicrobial properties of CuO NPs were investigated using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 as multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Results: Results: It was evaluated that, NPs size distributions were in the range of 2-41 nm with spherical shapes. The anti-bacterial activities of CuO NPs were measured based on diameter of inhibition zone in disk diffusion tests of NPs dispersed in batch cultures. Two levels of CuSO4 concentrations (0.1 and 0.01M) had antibacterial effect on E.coli (33±0.57 and 6 ±2mm). In the case of S. aureus, there was surprisingly no sign of growth. Conclusion: CuO NPs have antibacterial activity that can be benefit in medicinal aspect for fighting against prominent pathogen bacteria such as E.coli ATCC 25922 and S.aureus ATCC 43300.

Further numerical analyses on the solubility of sulfapyridine in ethanol + water mixtures

Abstract: Background: Dissolution thermodynamic quantities of sulfapyridine (SP) have been reported in the literature for aqueous alcoholic mixtures. Nevertheless, no attempts to evaluate the preferential solvation of this drug in this binary system, have been reported. In this way, the inverse Kirkwood-Buff integrals (IKBI) were used to evaluate this behavior in solution. Methods: Solubility data for SP dissolved in binary ethanol (EtOH) + water mixtures at various temperatures were mathematically represented using the Jouyban-Acree (J-A) model. The preferential solvation parameters of SP by EtOH (δx1,3) in EtOH + water mixtures were obtained from some thermodynamic properties of the mixtures by means of the IKBI method. Results: Solubility of SP in EtOH + water mixtures is adequately described by the J-A model in second order. Moreover, SP is sensitive to specific solvation effects, so the δx1,3 values are negative in water-rich and EtOH-rich mixtures indicating preferential solvation by water in these mixtures. By contrary, δx1,3 values are positive in the range 0.24 < x1 < 0.53 indicating preferential solvation by EtOH in these mixtures. Conclusion: It can be assumed that in water-rich mixtures the hydrophobic hydration around the aromatic rings plays a relevant role in the solvation. The higher drug solvation by EtOH in mixtures of similar solvent proportions could be due to polarity effects. Moreover, in EtOH + water mixtures SP could be acting as a Lewis acid with the EtOH molecules and in EtOH-rich mixtures the drug could be acting as a Lewis base with water molecules.