Showing papers in "Pharmacological Research in 2021"

TL;DR: There are currently 62 FDA-approved therapeutic agents that target about two dozen different protein kinases and eight of these were approved in 2020 as discussed by the authors, with the exception of netarsudil (a ROCK 1/2 non-receptor protein-serine/threonine kinase antagonist given as an eye drop for the treatment of glaucoma) and temsirolimus (an indirect mTOR inhibitor given intravenously to treat renal cell carcinoma).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the production and metabolic characteristics of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), summarize the potential effects of SCFAs on the four aspects mentioned above and the possible mechanisms.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds on ALI and the underlying mechanisms, and discusses 159 compounds and summarizes more than 400 references to present the protective effects ofnatural compounds against ALI.

TL;DR: An overview of gut microbiota, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, SCFA, tryptophan, bacterial composition, besides age-related changes in gut microbiota composition, the microbiota-gut-brain axis pathways, the role of gut metabolites in amyloid-beta clearance, and gut microbiota modulation from experimental and clinical AD models are presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe biological and molecular targets for GBM therapy, the current status of pharmacologic therapy, prominent mechanisms of resistance, and new treatment approaches, and the standard treatment for GBMs is surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent data on the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, migraine, and epilepsy.

TL;DR: A generalized mechanism for hormetic dose responses is proposed that is based on the redox-activated transcription factor (TF), Nrf2, and its upregulation of an integrative system of endogenous anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory adaptive responses as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The study about the structural biology of HDAC6, its physiological and pathological role in several disease states and the detailed structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the known HDAC 6i will provide key insights to design novel and highly effectiveHDAC6i in the future.

TL;DR: The inhibitory effects of NG and NGE on several types of cancers through different signal transduction pathways, the roles on sensitizing with the current anticancer medicines, and the efficacy of the cancer combination therapy are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is predicted that Nec-1 has the potential to protect against the complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and research evidence for its future application is summarized.

TL;DR: Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death (RCD) driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which is morphologically and mechanistically distinct from other forms of RCD including apoptosis, autophagic cell death, pyroptotic and necroptosis as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Graphical abstract Schematic representation of TPC2 role, investigated through genetic ablation and drug blocker, in the inhibition of Coronaviruses release into the cells.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed current studies on the inhibitory effect of natural medicines on endothelial cell apoptosis and summarized the risk factors that may induce the cell death, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), angiotensin II (Ang II), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), homocysteine (Hcy), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

TL;DR: Astaxanthin is a natural C40 carotenoid with numerous reported biological functions, most of them associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, standing out from other antioxidants as it has shown the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), 100-500 times higher than ⍺-tocopherol and a 10 times higher free radical inhibitory activity than related antioxidants as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the association of Nrf2 signaling with chemoresistance to Cisplatin and protection against its deleterious effects is discussed, which can provide a significant progress in treatment of cancer patients.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the role of Nrf2/Keap1 in 1) the development and proper functionality of GI tract, 2) the pathophysiology of GI diseases and their long-term complications, 3) the effectiveness of currently used drugs and non-conventional treatments which influence NRF2/ Keap1 and are potentially effective in IBD treatment, as well as 4) the effect of gut microbiota on Nrf 2/KeAP1 pathway in I BD.

TL;DR: The volatile oils of natural medicine and antidepressant drugs were compared and analyzed, and the application of volatile oils was explained from the clinical use and administration routes to help the development of potential anti-depressant medicine and provide new alternative treatments for depressive disorders.

TL;DR: BBR has the capacity to treat DSS-induced colitis in rats through the regulation of gut microbiota associated tryptophan metabolite to activate AhR, which can greatly improve the disrupted gut barrier function.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the potential of CA and its derivatives in cancer therapy is presented, with a focus on molecular pathways to pave the way for rapid translation of CA for clinical use.

TL;DR: The present review collates the pharmacological properties of Tan IIA with a special emphasis on its therapeutic potential against diverse diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, obesity and neurogenerative diseases.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the underlying mechanisms of the initiation and execution of ferroptosis in ischemic stroke, and established stroke models in vivo and in vitro simulating ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) neuronal injury.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that Baicalin, an extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exerts various protective effects on liver and gut diseases, mainly mediating downstream apoptosis and immune response pathways induced by upstream oxidative stress and inflammation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed several chemical compounds that have been shown to regulate DOX-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy via inhibition of ER stress signaling pathways.

TL;DR: This Position Paper complements existing guidelines on the management of lipids in patients following ACS and proposes practical solutions focusing on immediate combination therapy in strict clinical scenarios, to improve access and adherence to LLT in these patients.

TL;DR: In this paper, the exact molecular mechanisms and the direct targets of CuB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain to be discovered, however, the authors have shown that CuB exerted an anti-tumor effect via pyroptosis in NSCLC cells and mice models.

TL;DR: The generality of the hormetic dose response is extended to include SFN and many other chemical activators of Nrf2 that are cited in the biomedical literature and therefore have potentially important public health and clinical implications.

TL;DR: In this article, an updated review addressing pharmacological effects and molecular targets of RSV in maintaining endothelial function, and the potential of this phytochemical for endothelial dysfunction-associated disorders is presented.

TL;DR: This review introduced a detailed evolutionary course ofTCM in China with an emphasis on understanding the roadmap of TCM related policies and measures in China.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main active components of Jiawei Gegen Qinlian decoction (PBM) were selected to construct a reasonable and effective compound scheme for anti-UC.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the pathogenesis, influence, and therapy of pyroptosis in atherosclerosis and provide novel ideas for suppressing pyroplosis and the progression of atheros sclerosis.