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Showing papers in "Pharmacology & Therapeutics in 2007"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the pharmacogenetic knowledge regarding CYP polymorphism now developed to a stage where it can be implemented in drug development and in clinical routine for specific drug treatments, thereby improving the drug response and reducing costs for drug treatment.

1,063 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this review, the evidence linking circadian rhythms and mood disorders, and what is known about the underlying biology of this association, is presented.

621 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Low levels of NE determine whether prefrontal cortical or posterior cortical systems control the authors' behavior and thought, and understanding these receptor mechanisms has led to new intelligent treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with PFC dysfunction.

587 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although these latter effects cannot be currently monitored in humans, there are substantial improvements in glucose tolerance and increases in both first phase and plateau phase insulin secretory responses in T2DM patients treated with Ex-4.

566 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The anatomical evidence for the presence of each 5-HT receptor subtype in dopaminergic regions of the brain and the neuropharmacological evidence demonstrating regulation of each DA pathway are summarized.

552 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Volker Brinkmann1
TL;DR: The prototype S 1P receptor modulator, FTY720 (fingolimod), targets four of the five S1P receptor subtypes and may act at several levels to modulate lymphocyte trafficking via lymphocytic and endothelial S1p1 and, perhaps, other inflammatory processes through additional S1 P receptor sub types.

543 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bee venom (BV) therapy (BVT), the therapeutic application of BV, has been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases, such as arthritis, rheumatism, pain, cancerous tumors, and skin diseases, and nonpeptide components which have a variety of pharmaceutical properties.

508 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanisms for the regulation of the levels of the proposed endovanilloids, as well as their TRPV1-mediated pharmacological actions in vitro and in vivo, are discussed and the possible pathological conditions in which endovanillsoids, acting at sometimes aberrantly expressed TRPv1 receptors, might play a role are outlined.

369 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data is reviewed showing that the dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor (KOPr) system serves an essential function in opposing alterations in behavior and brain neurochemistry that occur as a consequence of repeated drug use and that aberrant activity of this system may not only contribute to the dysregulation of behavior that characterizes addiction but to individual differences in vulnerability to the pharmacological actions of cocaine and alcohol.

349 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The wide range of functions of the galanin peptide family indicates an essential role for Galanin signaling in "mind and body homeostasis" and a potential therapeutic efficacy in a variety of human diseases, particularly epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes.

339 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent findings suggest that large, prospective, randomized clinical trials might be needed to identify those patients who are the most likely to benefit from L-arginine, and testing patients for ADMA and L- arginine plasma levels for calculating the L- Arginine/ADMA ratio might be an adequate strategy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An increasing variety of compounds that modulate APP processing to reduce Aβ levels are being identified, some with Aβ42 selectivity, and are now reaching clinical evaluation to determine how they may be of benefit in the treatment of AD.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A common cardioprotective pathway can be activated at the time of myocardial reperfusion in the clinical setting using pharmacological agents to target the essential signaling components, which should lead to the development of novel treatment strategies for improving the clinical outcomes of patients with CHD.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Because of the intricate involvement of several PRMT in cellular physiology, their inhibition may be fraught with unwanted side effects, Nevertheless, development of pharmaceutical agents to control PRMT functions could lead to significant new targets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The properties of LA are explored with particular emphasis on how this agent, particularly the R-alpha-enantiomer, may be effective to treat AD and related dementias.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data has been accumulated, indicating that antagonists of group II mGlu receptors have an antidepressant potential and ligands of these receptors, both agonists and antagonists, may have an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like potential.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This finding opens the way for a promising therapeutic strategy, the use of pharmacological agents, such as ligands of the translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO; the former peripheral benzodiazepine receptor or PBR), to locally increase the synthesis of steroids with neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this review, a brief description of the biologically relevant chemistry of HNO is given, followed by a more detailed discussion of the pharmacology and potential toxicology of H NO.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The roles of the recently identified heme/porphyrin transport proteins heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1), FLVCR, Abcg2 and Abcb6 are discussed and how these transporters contribute to intracellular heme and porphyrin homeostasis are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of neurosteroids on GABAR function results in behavioral outcomes relevant for pubertal mood swings, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and catamenial epilepsy, which are due to fluctuations in endogenous steroids.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: How adenosine affects the production of superoxide, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is delineated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The metabolism of reactive carbonyls is described and the potential for manipulating levels of carbonyl-metabolizing enzymes through chemical intervention is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The biochemistry, biology, pharmacology and medicinal chemistry of human TG2 are summarized and the protein is believed to participate in the pathogenesis of several unrelated diseases, including celiac sprue, neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review will discuss putative transporters of the metal in the neonatal brain and then focus on the implications of high Mn exposure to the neonate focusing on typical exposure modes (e.g., dietary and parenteral).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is strongly suggested that neurosteroids do bind to discrete sites on the GABA(A) receptor and that these are located within the transmembrane domains of alpha and beta receptor subunits.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the physiological functions of one subfamily of RGS proteins with a high degree of homology (B/R4) gleaned from recent studies of knockout mice or cells with reduced RGS expression.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Different aspects of new anticonvulsant drugs (2nd generation) from preclinical and clinical testing, pharmacokinetics, interactions, indications and dosages as well as side effects are summarized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Given the ubiquitous expression of the GABA(A) receptor throughout the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), physiological, pathophysiological, or drug-induced pertubations of neurosteroid levels may be expected to produce widespread changes in brain excitability, however, the neurosteroids/GABA(A), receptor interaction is brain region and indeed neuron specific.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: What is currently known about the neurodevelopmental functions and mechanisms of action of 4 distinct neurosteroids: pregnenolone, progesterone, allopregnanolones, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is highlighted.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The islet GPCR couple mainly to adenylate cyclase and to phospholipase C (PLC).