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Showing papers in "Phronesis in 2010"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first book of NE is organized on the model of investigating definitions described in the second Book of the Posterior Analytics, although, of course, with some adaptation due to the subject matter.
Abstract: The first book of NE is organised on the model of investigating definitions described in the second Book of the Posterior Analytics , although, of course, with some adaptation due to the subject matter. It first establishes if the object exists and looks for the meaning of the terms used in common language to indicate it, next considers some necessary qualities of the object and then concludes with a definition of the object. We find there a dialectical syllogism of definition, and not the procedure in three steps described in NE VII 1, sometimes called ‘the method of ethics’. In fact, the method described in NE VII 1 does not apply to the first book of the NE . Its relevance for the NE has been somehow exaggerated.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the Timaeus, plants are granted a soul, and specifically the sort of soul capable of perception and desire as discussed by the authors. But perception requires the involvement of to phronimon, and it seems to follow that plants must be intelligent.
Abstract: In the Timaeus, plants are granted soul, and specifically the sort of soul capable of perception and desire. But perception, according to the Timaeus, requires the involvement of to phronimon. It seems to follow that plants must be intelligent. I argue that we can neither avoid granting plants sensation in just this sense, nor can we suppose that the phronimon is something devoid of intelligence. Indeed, plants must be related to intelligence, if they are to be both orderly and good – for intelligence is the cause of normativity and teleology. And yet, plants are not intelligent creatures. While plants must have individual souls if they are to be distinct from each other, each having its own orderly life, the intelligence they require for their individual sensations is not similarly individuated, but is rather that of the cosmos itself. Plants’ peculiar partial individuation arises from the fact that their ultimate good is only derivative: unlike animals, it is only by completing the body of the cosmos that a plant’s good a Good Thing.

23 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that there is a significant difference in consumptive behavior between two groups of subjects, i.e., subjects who prefer to use credit card and those who preferred to use cash.
Abstract: : Consumptive behavior is an action to buy a goods that actually not to fulfill the daily needs demand but just to fulfill the desire, conducted redundantly causing and extravagance of inefficiency the expense. The aim of this research is to prove that there is a difference in consumptive behavior between subjects who prefer to use credit card and subjects who prefer to use cash. Subjects are 293 young adult women, 171 subjects prefer to use cash payment and 122 subjects prefer to use credit card payment method. The result shows that there is a significant difference in consumptive behavior between two groups of subjects.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defend an alternative and more integrated account of GA V by closely examining Aristotle's methodological introduction in GA V. They argue for the unity of both GA V and GA as a whole and present a more nuanced theory of teleological explanation in GA's biology.
Abstract: Despite the renewed interest in Aristotle’s Generation of Animals in recent years, the subject matter of GA V, its preferred mode(s) of explanation, and its place in the treatise as a whole remain misunderstood. Scholars focus on GA I-IV, which explain animal generation in terms of efficient-final causation, but dismiss GA V as a mere appendix, thinking it to concern (a) individual, accidental differences among animals, which are (b) purely materially necessitated, and (c) are only tangentially related to the topics discussed in the earlier books. In this paper, we defend an alternative and more integrated account of GA V by closely examining Aristotle’s methodological introduction in GA V.1 778a16-b19 and his teleological explanation of the differences of teeth in GA V.8. We argue for the unity of both GA V and of GA as a whole and present a more nuanced theory of teleological explanation in Aristotle’s biology.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the interpretation of Gorgias' conversation with Socrates about the nature of rhetoric in the Gorgia has been investigated, and an alternative account of the conversation has been proposed.
Abstract: In this paper I try to solve some problems concerning the interpretation of Socrates’ conversation with Gorgias about the nature of rhetoric in Plato’s Gorgias (448e6-461b2). I begin by clarifying what, ethically, is at stake in the conversation (section 2). In the main body of the paper (sections 3-6) I address the question of what we are to understand Gorgias as believing about the nature of rhetoric: I criticise accounts given by Charles Kahn and John Cooper, and suggest an alternative account of my own. In the final section I spell out some of the implications of my account for the interpretation of the Gorgias , and of Plato more generally.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a coherent interpretation of De Interpretatione 6-9 is presented, focusing on two sorts of statements that are of particular interest to Aristotle: universal statements not made universally and future particular statements.
Abstract: In De Interpretatione 6-9, Aristotle considers three logical principles: the principle of bivalence, the law of excluded middle, and the rule of contradictory pairs (according to which of any contradictory pair of statements, exactly one is true and the other false). Surprisingly, Aristotle accepts none of these without qualification. I offer a coherent interpretation of these chapters as a whole, while focusing special attention on two sorts of statements that are of particular interest to Aristotle: universal statements not made universally and future particular statements. With respect to the former, I argue that Aristotle takes them to be indeterminate and so to violate the rule of contradictory pairs. With respect to the latter, the subject of the much discussed ninth chapter, I argue that the rule of contradictory pairs, and not the principle of bivalence, is the focus of Aristotle’s refutation. Nevertheless, Aristotle rejects bivalence for future particular statements.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Philippa Lang1
TL;DR: The authors argue that each and all of the higher ranked goods are necessary conditions for the goods of the level immediately below, and that the ranking represents an attempt to identify as far as possible what is responsible for the characteristics of the good in human life.
Abstract: At the very end of Plato’s Philebus Socrates and Protarchus place the goods of a human life in a hierarchy (66a-67b). Previous interpretations of this passage have concentrated upon its relevance to the good human life, including the allowance of (true and pure) pleasures. This view picks up Plato’s metaphor of a mixture of reason and pleasure, but the ranking of the goods is emphatically a vertical stratification and not a mixture in which all elements are equally fundamental. In this article I argue that each and all of the higher ranked goods are necessary conditions for the goods of the level immediately below. The ranking represents an attempt to identify as far as possible what is responsible for the characteristics of the good in human life, and therefore to narrow down the definition of the good itself.

9 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In the Doxographi Graeci the preferred short heading of Aet.2.31 (Greek text below, p. 28) is 'On Distances', though ps.Plutarch has a long heading.
Abstract: In the Doxographi Graeci the preferred short heading of Aet. 2.31 (Greek text below, p. 28) is 'On Distances', though ps.Plutarch has a long heading. This chapter is about the distances of the sun and moon from each other and from the earth (lemmas 1 to 3, in both ps.Plutarch and Stobaeus), and of the real or apparent shape of the heaven relative to its distance from the earth (lemmas 4 and 5, Stobaeus only). Parallels from Ioann. Lydus and Theodoret for what is in ps.Plutarch are given by Diels in apparatu. To the best of my knowledge it has not been noticed that a version of ps.Plutarch's text is preserved in a scholium on the Almagest, which constitutes our earliest evidence for the text. The correctness of Diels' reconstruction is questionable. Though certainty, naturally, is beyond our reach it is quite possible that these two sets of lemmas represent two distinct Aetian (or proto-Aetian) chapters. These may have been coalesced by Stobaeus (or Aetius), while ps.Plutarch abridged the second (or the two final lemmas) away. These considerations necessitate an inquiry into the parallels that are available, including material from an introduction to Aratus. The vexing question of short versus long(er) chapter headings is also relevant in this context. Furthermore, the contrasting views regarding cosmic distances are not only a feature of the Placita literature with a distant origin in Aristotle, but also, apparently, of the commentary literature on Plato's Timaeus. Arguably in a passage in Plutarch's De facie these two traditions intersect. Finally, a case can be made out for Eudemus not Theophrastus as an intermediary source of Presocratic astronomical data in the Placita.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: According to Alexander of Aphrodisias, our potential intellect is a purely receptive capacity as discussed by the authors, which is a theory that explains how human beings come to grasp universal aspects of reality in an accurate manner.
Abstract: According to Alexander of Aphrodisias, our potential intellect is a purely receptive capacity. Alexander also claims that, in order for us to actualise our intellectual potentiality, the intellect needs to abstract what is intelligible from enmattered perceptible objects. Now a problem emerges: How is it possible for a purely receptive capacity to perform such an abstraction? It will be argued that even though Alexander’s reaction to this question causes some tension in his theory, the philosophical motivation for it is a sound one. Rather than a calculation of actualities and potentialities, the doctrine of receptivity is supposed to explain how human beings come to grasp universal aspects of reality in an accurate manner.

8 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between the activeness in participating at student's organization and interpersonal competence on college students, and found that there is a positive and significant correlation between activeness and competence.
Abstract: This research aimed to examine the relationship between the activeness in participating at student’s organization and interpersonal competence on college students. Subjects were students from Tarumanagara University (N = 156). A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed through Pearson’s correlation test. The result shows that there is a positive and significant correlation between the activeness in participating at student’s organization and interpersonal competence on college students.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Gail Fine1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that Meno's paradox is caused by the fact that Socrates fleetingly distinguishes the signification from the essence question, but, in the end, he conflates them.
Abstract: According to David Charles, in the Meno Socrates fleetingly distinguishes the signification from the essence question, but, in the end, he conflates them. Doing so, Charles thinks, both leads to Meno’s paradox and prevents Socrates from answering it satisfactorily. I argue that Socrates doesn’t conflate the two questions, and that his reply to Meno’s paradox is more satisfactory than Charles allows.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that a non-question-begging account of why the logistikon should rule must take into account the psychological complexity of virtuous and non-virtuous characters in the Republic and that what is actually wrong with degenerate souls is that they have the wrong kind of unity, which can be very stable but which is nonetheless a unity in tension.
Abstract: The Republic splits the soul into three parts: the logistikon (reason), the thumoeides (spirit) and the epithumetikon (appetite). In a virtuous soul all the parts do their own work and the logistikon is ruling. In what follows I argue that a non-question-begging account of why the logistikon should rule must take into account the psychological complexity of virtuous and non-virtuous characters in the Republic . And while this is often accepted by those arguing that the unity of degenerate souls is unstable or fragile I will argue, in opposition, that what is actually wrong with degenerate souls is that they have the wrong kind of unity ‐ a unity by force ‐ which can be very stable but which is nonetheless a unity in tension. On the other hand the rule of the logistikon can provide unity by persuasion , a unity which is not only stable but also free from tension.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relation between suitability of interest to occupation and employee's productivity and found that there are positive an significant correlations between the suitability interest and occupation and employees' productivity.
Abstract: This research aimed to examine the relations between suitability of interest to occupation and employee’s productivity. The hypothesis tested whether there are correlations between suitability of interest to occupation and employee’s productivity on insurance agent. Subjects were insurance agent from Jiwasraya Company (N = 90). Two instruments were administered to collect the data i.e. Position Classification Inventory, and Vocational Preferences Inventory. The data were analyzed through Spearman’s correlation test. The results shows that there are positive an significant correlations between suitability of interest to occupation and employee’s productivity (r(88) = 0,579, p < 0,01).

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found a positive correlation between job satisfaction and psychological well-being, which means that for more employees feel satisfied about their job, for will be better their psychological wellbeing.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to find the correlation between job satisfaction and psychological well-being among employee. Job satisfaction is an outcome of employee’s feels and thoughts about appraisal of the job, which occur as a result of interaction with work environment, sort of job, and job performance. Psychological well-being is evaluation of a condition from individuals that have personal growth, self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, purpose in life and environmental mastery. Data was collected from 94 employee in Jakarta. The result of data analysis shows that correlation between job satisfaction (M = 1,77, SD = 0,25) and psychological well-being (M = 3,75, SD = 0,05) is r (92) = 0,456, and p = 0,000 < 0,01. This result means, there is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and psychological well-being. In other words, for more employee feel satisfied about their job, for will be better their psychological well-being.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the interaction between perception in job characteristic model, psychological well-being, and performance and found that all of the variables have positive interaction between each other.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to interaction between perception in job characteristic model, psychological well-being, and performance. Job characteristic model are explained by skill variety, task identity, task significan, autonomy, and feedback about the job. Psychological well-being is explained by autonomy, environment mastery, good relationship with others, self acceptance, and personal growth. Performance measured by how employee done their task according their responsibility. Subject of this research are employees of PT. X (N = 60). The result of this study shows that all of the variables have positive interaction between each other.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The research result showing there any significant negative correlation between self management with intensity of double role conflict at woman employee in educational institution of Primagama Yogyakarta is shown.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to proving empirically correlation between self management with double role conflict at educational institution of Primagama Yogyakarta. Hypothesis of this research is there any negative correlation between self management with double role at woman career in educational institution of Primagama Yogyakarta. Participants in this research are woman career in educational institution of Primagama Yogyakarta with characteristic are married, have children, with sample accumulated was 32, from 35 person woman employee in Primagama. This research using two scale methods to collecting data, there are self management schale and double role conflict schale likert model. Hypothesis was tested with product moment correlation analysis technique. The research result showing there any significant negative correlation between self management with intensity of double role conflict at woman employee in educational institution of Primagama Yogyakarta.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe organizational commitment between type A personality's and type B personality's workers on three companies using Mann-Whitney independent t-test for non parametric.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to describe organizational commitment between type A personality’s and type B is personality’s workers on three companies. Organizational commitment is define as the degree of psychological identification with or attachment to the organization for which we work. Participant of this study was 108 workers from three different companies. Data was obtained by questionnaire and processed with SPSS for Windows ver. 12. Using Mann-Whitney independent t-test for non parametric, the result of organizational commitment U = 1183, p > 0.05, showed that there is no difference of organizational commitment between type A personality and type B personality on company X, Y, and Z.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The authors found that there is no correlation between stress intensity and smoking behavior intensity r s (98) = 0,108, p > 0.05 nor for Type B personality r s(27) = -0,238, p.0.05.
Abstract: Smoking behavior and personality type are two things that have strong connection to stress intensity. In this research toward 98 students of Tarumanagara University was found that there is no correlation between stress intensity and smoking behavior intensity r s (98) = 0,108, p > 0.05. The correlation between personality type and stress intensity is significant enough r s (98) = 0,215p 0.05 nor for Type B personality r s (27) = -0,238, p . 0.05.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of teacher self efficacy and organizational climate at school to teachers in five schools which hold by “X” Foundation in Jakarta and Tangerang was investigated.
Abstract: As education institution, school has the biggest role to achieve education qualities. Teacher as the actor of education activities is the important constituent in a school. Highly working motivated teachers should be able to motivate the students in order to get good academic results. Teachers working motivation has affected by teacher’s self efficacy and the organizational climate at school. This research will investigate the influence of teacher’s self efficacy and organizational climate at school to teachers in five schools which hold by “X” Foundation in Jakarta and Tangerang. The samples are 113 teachers, who are accidentally taken from the population. This results shows that teacher’s self efficacy and organizational climate at school together influenced the teachers working motivation.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors tried to understand turnover behavior using the theory of planned behavior from attitude toward behavior, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, and found that attitude toward turnover intention, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control have significant effect to turnover intention.
Abstract: The development of information technology (IT) caused a positive result on company productivities. A company tend to employ more experienced information technology workers using attractive compensation. Thus, causing a high level of turnover in IT workforce. This high level of turnover is a disadvantage for the company, because the company loses their skilled workers and have to find other workers to discharge the position. This research attempt to understand turnover behavior using the theory of planned behavior from attitude toward behavior, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. The objective of this research is to know the effect of attitude toward turnover, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control to turnover intention. Data collection were done using quantitative method by 4 types of instrument; attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and turnover intention. Data were collected from 155 information technology workers in Jakarta and analyzed using multiple regression. The result showed that attitude toward turnover intention, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control have significant effect to turnover intention. All the predictors accounted 38,8% of variance in turnover intention.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Widiawati et al. as mentioned in this paper described fear of success among Javanese women entrepreneurs, Balinese woman entrepreneurs, and Chinese woman entrepreneurs and also showed that culture had impact on women entrepreneurship.
Abstract: Since the 1980’s, number of woman entrepreneurs has been increasing rapidly. In Singapore from 15% woman entrepreneurs there is 5% increase so there is 20% out of 160000 entrepreneurs. The data from Badan Pusat Statistik (1999) says that in Jakarta there were 25% woman in productive age were entrepreneurs. Data from Badan Pusat Statistik also says that 40,79% of 2 millions micro business and 194.564 small enterprise scale in industry sector 896,047 (40,79%) running by woman entrepreneurs. According to Drucker (1988) this fact shows that entrepreneurship belongs to all people because anyone can learn entrepreneurship including woman. This paper will describe fear of success among Javanese woman entrepreneurs, Balinese woman entrepreneurs, and Chinese woman entrepreneurs. This research can give more comprehensive explanation about woman entrepreneurs especially in their fear of success and how they have obstacle in running their business. This research was non-experimental research with incidental sampling technique. The psychometric instrument that was used in this research is fear of success inventory which had already been adapted by Widiawati (1997). For the hypothetical testing, the researcher use t-test method and ANOVA method. The validity, reliability, and hypothetical testing in this research used SPSS 12.00 computer program. The research result shows that there is a difference in fear of success among Javanese woman entrepreneurs, Balinese woman entrepreneurs, and Chinese woman entrepreneurs. This research also shows that culture had impact on fear of success.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between support from husbands to their wives at the first parturition and self adjustment was investigated and a strong positive correlation was found between the support from spouse and self-adjustment at first pregnancy.
Abstract: : The aim of this research is not to know the relationship between support from husband to their wife at the first parturition and self adjustment. Subjects in this research are 100 pregnant mothers of first child which live in Tangerang. The result is strong positive correlation between support from husband and self adjustment at the first pregnancy.

Journal ArticleDOI
Ben Morison1
TL;DR: Theophrastus and Simplicius as discussed by the authors pointed out that the theory of Damascius is a theory which is completely different from the one of the author of this paper.
Abstract: It is commonly held that Theophrastus criticized or rejected Aristotle’s account of place. The evidence that scholars put forward for this view, from Simplicius’ commentary on Aristotle’s Physics , comes in two parts: (1) Simplicius reports some aporiai that Theophrastus found for Aristotle’s account; (2) Simplicius cites a passage of Theophrastus which is said to ‘bear witness’ to the theory of place which Simplicius himself adopts (that of his teacher Damascius) ‐ a theory which is utterly different from Aristotle’s. But the aporiai have relatively straightforward solutions, and we have no reason to suppose that Theophrastus didn’t avail himself of them (and some reason to think that he did). Moreover, the text which Simplicius cites as bearing witness to Damascius’ view on closer inspection does not seem to be inconsistent with Aristotle’s account of place or natural motion.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used purposive and snowball sampling techniques to find a positive correlation between religious commitment and subjective well-being in late adolescents, and the Pearson correlation showed that there is a positive relationship between religious commitments and subjective satisfaction.
Abstract: : Subjective well-being is an evaluation of life quality from cognitive evaluation (life satisfaction) and affective evaluation (positive affect and negative affect experience). In colloquial tern, subjective well-being is labeled “happiness”. People high in subjective well-being have a number of desirable qualities, such as good emotional control, and face many things on their lives in a better way. Therefore, high subjective well-being plays an important role in late adolescent who is accrossing the life span, from childhood through adulthood. There are many resources correlating with subjective well-being and one of them is religious faith. Recently, some researches found the intensity of religions life rising in late adolescents. This research aim is to know whether there is any correlation between religious commitment and subjective well-being in late adolescents. The method in this research is quantitative with purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The research was conducted to college students in Tarumanagara University (Campus I). The college students were Moslems, still had parents, and not a single child in their family. There were 224 subjects in this research at the age of between 19 and 22 years old. The Pearson correlation shows there is a positive correlation between religious commitment and subjective well-being in late adolescents.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors aim to know difference to percePT. ion to leadership style of superior pursuant of organizational commitment, leadership style represent a corps of characteristic by a leader used to influence activity a group to reach specific, organizational commitment is member to its organization which reflect how big identify member organization and how big desire to remain to in organization.
Abstract: This research aim to know difference to percePT. ion to leadership style of superior pursuant of organizational commitment. Leadership style represent a corps of characteristic by a leader used to influence activity a group to reach specific. Organizational commitment is member to its organization which reflect how big identify member organization and how big desire to remain to in organization. Characteristic purpose for the subject of this research is employees of PT. X which have employees status remain to. To collect data used by re3maining instrument in the form of questionnaire with Likert Scale. Data obtained from 181 respondent from each part of unit work at company. Data processing conducted with calculation of ANOVA with significance test at level 0.01 indicating that is fourth leadership style type mean differ by significant, F (19.48) = 0.00, p < 0.01. This matter indicate that H 0 refused, its meaning there is difference to percePT. ion leadership style of superior pursuant of organizational commitment.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors find out the connection between burnout and organizational factors, including work overload, lack of control, insufficient reward, breakdown of community, absence of fairness and conflicting value.
Abstract: : The aims of this research is to find out the connection between burnout and organizational factors, including work overload, lack of control, insufficient reward, breakdown of community, absence of fairness and conflicting value. The participants are 191 school teachers. The data were collected by using questionnaires and to be analyzed by pearson product moment correlation. The result indicated the more negative organizational factors perceived by teachers, the higher level of burnout.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found no relationship between reduced personal accomplishment and perceived support from colleagues and found negative relationship between emotional exhaustion and depersonalization with perceived support of colleagues.
Abstract: : Burnout is a psychology syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The participants of this study are nurses who have been working at intensive care unit at least for one year. Data were obtained using questionnaire and processed using spearman correlation. Results indicate that are negative relationship between emotional exhaustion and depersonalization with perceived support from colleagues. However, this research finds no relationship between reduced personal accomplishment and perceived support from colleagues. Key words : Burnout, perceived support from colleagues, intensive care nurses

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found out whether the personality trait that using the big five personality factors were significantly and positively correlated with attitude toward performance appraisal system, and recommended to use these results in TransJakarta bus drive recruitment process, so that the management would get the best drivers whose performance match to the company expected.
Abstract: The research aim was to find out whether the personality trait that using the big five personality factors were significantly and positively correlated with attitude toward performance appraisal system. Method for this research is quantitative and non experimental with correlation research design. A hundred ten (110) TransJakarta bus drivers who have worked minimum for a year, completed the big five scale NEO PI-R and the attitude toward performance appraisal system scale. Among the big five personality facet level, two aspects of openness, aesthetics rs(110) = .22 and ideas rs(110) = .19 were positively related to attitude toward performance appraisal system. Within the conscientiousness dimension, dutifulness rs(110) = .22 and achievement striving rs(110) = .21 were significantly and positively correlated with attitude toward performance appraisal system. Within the extraversion dimension excitement seeking rs(110) .21 and positive emotion rs(110) = .23 were significantly and positively correlated with attitude toward performance appraisal system Finally, these result is recommended to be used in TransJakarta bus drive recruitment process, so that the management would get the best drivers whose performance match to the company expected. Furthermore the service to the society could increase and become a model for another public transportation company.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between psychological climate and job satisfaction of an Al-Azhar Islamic Elementary School teacher at Bekasi was investigated and the results showed that there is a significant correlation between psychologicalclimate and teacher's job satisfaction.
Abstract: Elementary school teacher has an important role as a learning agent to motivate, facilitate, educate, and train students to be qualified persons who can actualize their human potency optimally. One factor that can influence teacher to be good teacher is her/his job satisfaction. Teacher who has high job satisfaction will have positive attitude and action toward the job. Many research showed that psychological climate, as one of environmental factor, affect the teacher’s job satisfaction. The aim of this research is to know the relationship between psychological climate and job satisfaction of Al-Azhar Islamic Elementary School Teacher at Bekasi. Psychological Climate Questionnaire (PCQ) and Job Satisfaction Survey (RSS) are filled by 80 teachers who have worked over one year. Result shows that there is a significant correlation between psychological climate and teacher’s job satisfaction. However, there is no significant correlation between demographic variables (age, gender, educational level, job status, and tenure) and job satisfaction.

Journal ArticleDOI
Ben Morison1
TL;DR: In the Symposium Aristotelicum series, the most important books are the latest instalments of the Clarendon Aristotle Series as discussed by the authors. André Laks and Christian Wildberg discuss Metaphysics Beta in the proceedings of the XVIth (2002) and XVIIth (2005) Symposia.
Abstract: Th e three most important books that have been sent to Phronesis this year are all ‘latest instalments’ in two important series published by OUP: the Clarendon Aristotle Series and the Symposium Aristotelicum series. Two volumes in the latter series have appeared this year, namely the Proceedings of the XVIth (2002) and XVIIth (2005) Symposia. Th e volumes are not of equal excellence. Th e XVIth Symposium was on Metaphysics Beta,1 and the diffi culty of the text is refl ected in the fact that one does not come out of reading the volume feeling that one has fully understood the aporiai and their relationship to each other and the project of the Metaphysics. I got most out of the detailed textual comments of André Laks and Christian Wildberg, and Stephen Menn’s philosophically satisfying remarks. I get the feeling that there is some momentum building in our understanding of Metaphysics Beta, and this volume is part of that momentum, but there are younger scholars working on Beta too (for whom this volume will be, and should be, a reference point), and I fully expect much more enlightenment over the next decade or so. Th e XVIIth Symposium occupied itself with Nicomachean Ethics VII.2 Th is volume is rather good. Since the way of the Symposium is to have