scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers in "Physica Status Solidi (a) in 1977"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived a new hardness number which is independent of the load also in the microhardness region, which is derived by recording the load during a programmed penetration of the pyramide.
Abstract: With a microhardness arrangement which is constructed as an accessory equipment for modern material testing machines the generation of Vickers indentation is investigated by recording of the load during a programmed penetration of the pyramide. For all engineering materials investigated the relation between load L and penetration depth p could be fitted by L=a1p ± a2p2 with a high degree of statistical reliability. It is derived a new hardness number which is independent of the load also in the microhardness region. By comparison it can be shown that conventionally measured Vickers hardness numbers are identical for the ductile metals but to large for brittle materials. Furtheron it is possible to determine quantitatively the change of the hardness of the surface layer disturbed by mechanical polishing. By the same experiment it is investigated in microregions of the different materials the inelastic behaviour by stress relaxation and the elastic recovery by measurement of the L-p relation during unloading. Mit einer Mikroharteprufanordnung, welche als Zusatzeinheit fur eine moderne Materialprufmaschine konstruiert ist, wird die Erzeugung von Vickerseindrucken durch Registrierung der Last wahrend des programmgesteuerten Eindringvorganges verfolgt. Fur alle untersuchten Werkstoffe kann die Abhangigkeit zwischen Last L und Eindringtiefe p durch den Ansatz L = a1p ± ± a2p2 mit groser statistischer Sicherheit analysiert werden. Es wird eine neue Hartezahl abgeleitet, die auch im Mikrolastbereich lastunabhangig ist. Durch Vergleich kann gezeigt werden, das die konventionell gemessenen Vickers-Hartezahlen fur duktile Materialien glechgros, jedoch fur sprode Materialien zu gros sind. Weiterhin kann quantitativ die Anderung der Harte von Oberflachenschichten, die durch mechanische Politur gestort sind, bestimmt werden. Mit der gleichen experimentellen Anordnung wird von verschiedenen Materialien in Mikrobereichen das inelastische Verhalten durch Spannungsrelaxation und die elastische Ruckfederung durch Messung der L−p-Abhangigkeit wahrend der Entlastung untersucht.

303 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The elastic stiffness of 11 single crystals of β2-NiAl containing 476 to 605 at % Ni were determined between −196 and 400 °C in this article, where the results were discussed in terms of lattice softening due to ionic repulsion, the reduction in stiffness due to structural vacancies and effects of low temperature structural transformations.
Abstract: The elastic stiffnesses of 11 single crystals of β2-NiAl containing 476 to 605 at % Ni are determined between —196 and 400 °C The shear stiffness C′ = (C11 – C12)/2 decreases strongly and its temperature coefficient becomes positive with increasing Ni concentration C44 and CL = (C11 + C12 + C44)/2 decrease markedly if the Ni concentration falls below the stoichiometric composition The results are discussed in terms of lattice softening due to ionic repulsion, the reduction in stiffness due to structural vacancies and effects of low temperature structural transformations Die elastischen Moduln von 11 β2-NiAl-Einkristallen mit 47,6 bis 60,5 At% Ni werden zwischen −196 und 400 °C bestimmt Mit zunehmender Ni-Konzentration nimmt der Schubmodul C′ = (C11 – C12)/2 stark ab und sein Temperaturkoeffizient wird positiv C44 und CL = (C11 + C12 + C44)/2 nehmen unterhalb der stochiometrischen Zusammensetzung mit der Ni-Konzentration stark ab Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf Gittererweichung durch Ionenabstosung, Abnahme der Moduln durch strukturelle Leerstellen und strukturelle Umwandlungen bei tieferen Temperaturen diskutiert

153 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a film-bulk method is used for the measurement of the depth distribution of current density and absorption of incident primary electrons penetrating into solid targets of Be, Al, Cu, and Au, As well the depth dependence of the generation of secondary electrons in the interior of the targets is determined experimentally.
Abstract: A new film-bulk method is used for the measurement of the depth distribution of current density and absorption of incident primary electrons penetrating into solid targets of Be, Al, Cu, and Au, As well the depth dependence of the generation of secondary electrons in the interior of the targets is determined experimentally. The energy transfer curves resulting from the inelastic multiple scattering of the primary electrons show a maximum at the depth x0(E0). This makes possible the quantitative volume spectroscopy by a beam of primary electrons of variable energy E0. Mit der neuartigen Film-Bulk-Methode werden Tiefenverteilungen der Stromdichte und der Absorption von eingeschossenen Primarelektronen in massiven Be-, Al-, Cu- und Au-Targets gemessen. Ebenfalls wird die Tiefenabhangigkeit der Sekundarelektronenerzeugung im Targetinneren experimentell bestimmt. Die Energietransferkurven, resultierend aus der inelastischen Vielfachstreuung der Primarelektronen, besitzen in der Tiefe x0(E0) ein Maximum und ermoglichen so eine quantitative Volumenspektroskopie mit Elektronenstrahlen variabler Energie E0.

111 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the spectra of rare-earth impurities ions are used as an indicator of their co-occupation of octahedral sites in the gallium garnet lattice.
Abstract: Stoichiometry deviations in aluminium and gallium garnet crystals are investigated by measuring the spectra of rare-earth impurities ions as indicator. All garnet crystals prepared from the melt are found to have a nonstoichometric composition due to incorporation of some part of the rare-earth ions into Al3± or Ga3± octahedral sites. The stoichiometry deviations in the homologous series of aluminium and gallium garnet crystals are estimated quantitatively. The spectra of Er3± ions occupying a-sites with octahedral oxygen environment in garnet lattice are registered and studied. An effect is found of difference in the sizes of the rare-earth ions on their co-occupation of octahedral sites in the gallium garnet lattice. [Russian Text Ignored.]

105 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conditions for the incorporation of OH− ions on O- ion lattice sites and on interstitial sites are derived from the Li/Nb ratio and an anti-Frenkel disorder of the LiNbO3 crystals as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The conditions for the incorporation of OH− ions on O– ion lattice sites and on interstitial sites are derived from the Li/Nb ratio and an anti-Frenkel disorder of the LiNbO3 crystals. OH− ions substituting O– ions cause an absorption band at 2.865 μm and have a mobility of v(OHo−) = = 400 KT−1 exp (−13120 K/T) cm2/Vs. OH− ions on interstitial sites show the vibrational absorption band at 2.875 μm. Their mobility is higher than that of the OHo− ions: v(OHi−) = = 670 KT−1 exp (−12540 K/T) cm2/Vs. The absorption bands at 2.865 and 2.875 μm are connected with very weak absorptions at 2.248 and 2.255 μm, respectively. The results are discussed and compared with those for Ba2NaNb5O15 crystals. Die Bedingungen fur den Einbau von OH−-Ionen auf O–- und Zwischengitterplatzen werden aus dem Li/Nb-Verhaltnis und einer Anti-Frenkel-Fehlordnung der LiNbO3-Kristalle abgeleitet. OH−-Ionen auf O–-Platzen verursachen eine Absorption bei 2,865 μm und haben eine Beweglichkeit v(OHo−) = 400 KT−1 exp (−13120 K/T) cm2/Vs. OH−-Zwischengitterionen absorbieren bei 2,875 μm und haben eine hohere Beweglichkeit als die OHo−-Ionen: v(OHi−) = 670 KT−1 X X exp (−12540 K/T) cm2/Vs. Die Absorptionsbanden bei 2,865 und 2,875 μm werden von sehr schwachen Absorptionen bei 2,248 bzw. bei 2,255 μm begleitet. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und mit denen fur Ba2NaNb5O15-Kristalle verglichen.

100 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
K. Mori1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the optical absorption spectrum of UV induced color centres using time resolved transient absorption spectroscopy technique and proposed a model for the E1, E2 and E3 bands, which is explained by colour centres trapping an electron at an anion vacancy site.
Abstract: The degrading laser oscillation behaviour in YAG crystals is attributed to the production of colour centres, induced by UV light irradiation. The optical absorption spectrum of UV induced colour centres is investigated using time resolved transient absorption spectroscopy technique. The UV generated spectrum is found to consist of the superposition of three broad absorption bands E1, E2 and E3 peaked near 1.2 × 104, 2.0 × 104, and 2.8 × 104 cm−1, respectively. Various experiments, such as additive coloration, ESR, thermoluminescence, and optical absorption measurement are made. On the basis of experimental results, a model is proposed for the E1, E2 and E3 bands, which are explained by colour centres trapping an electron at an anion vacancy site. Das sich verschlechternde Laserverhalten in YAG-Kristallen wird der Bildung von Farbzentren zugeschrieben, die sich durch UV-Einstrahlung bilden. Das optische Absorptionsspektrum von UV -induzierten Farbzentren wird mit der zeitaufgelosten Absorptionsspektroskopie untersucht. Es wird gefunden. das das UV-erzeugte Spektrum aus der Uberlagerung von drei breiten Absorptionsbanden E1, E2 und E3 bei etwa 1,2 × 104, 2,0 × 104 bzw. 2,8 × 104 cm−1 besteht. Verschiedene Experimente, wie zusatzliche Verfarbung, ESR, Thermolumineszenz und optische Absorptionsmessungen werden durchgefuhrt. Auf der Grundlage der experimentellen Ergebnisse wird ein Modell fur die E1-, E2- und E3- Bande vorgeschlagen, das Farbzentren annimmt, die ein Elektron in einer Anionenleerstelle einfangen.

99 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aluminium nitride films are produced on fused quartz, silicon, and spinel substrates by reaction of AlCl3 with NH3 or ammonolysis of alCl3 · NH3 within a range of substrate temperatures of 700 to 1300 °C.
Abstract: Aluminium nitride films are produced on fused quartz, silicon, and spinel substrates by reaction of AlCl3 with NH3 or ammonolysis of AlCl3 · NH3 as well as by plasmachemical reaction of AlCl3 with N2 within a range of substrate temperatures of 700 to 1300 °C. The refraction index n, the absorption coefficient α, and the r. m. s.-surface roughness result from optical studies in the spectral range of 3.5 to 7.5 eV. The spectral dependence of optical constants yields a direct band gap Eg = 5.9 to 6.0 eV. Furthermore absorption bands are observed at 4.5 and 5 eV. Moreover some results for structural and electrical characterizing of films are given. Aluminiumnitrid-Schichten werden auf Quarzglas, Silizium- und Spinell-Substraten durch Reaktion von AlCl3 mit NH3 oder Ammonolyse von AlCl3 · NH3 sowie durch plasmachemische Reaktion von AlCl3 mit N2 im Substrattemperaturbereich von 700 bis 1300 °C hergestellt. Aus optischen Untersuchungen im Spektralbereich von 3,5 bis 7,5 eV ergeben sich die Brechzahl n, der Absorptionskoeffizient α und die rms-Rauhigkeit. Die spektrale Abhangigkeit der optischen Konstanten liefert einen direkten Bandabstand von Eg = 5,9 bis 6,0 eV. Auserdem werden Absorptionsbanden bei 4,5 und 5,0 eV beobachtet. Daruber hinaus werden einige Ergebnisse zur strukturellen und elektrischen Charakterisierung der Schichten angegeben.

98 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants, surface roughness, and band gap of amorphous Si3N4 films on quartz substrate are determined from optical measurements, and a model for continuous and symmetric state density is presented, and the localized volume V0 and the total concentration of the states NT are estimated.
Abstract: The optical constants, surface roughnesses, and band gap Eg of amorphous Si3N4 films on quartz substrate are determined from optical measurements. The results of the Si3N4 samples with different preparation are compared and discussed. Absorption tails at the band edges indicate localized states in the forbidden gap. A model for continuous and symmetric state density is presented, and the localized volume V0 and the total concentration of the states NT are estimated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The thermal sampling technique (TS), a modification of thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) method, is studied by means of computer simulation as discussed by the authors, and the results show the usefulness of this technique for the analysis of the distributed relaxation processes, if the distributions are continuous.
Abstract: The thermal sampling technique (TS), a modification of thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) method, is studied by means of computer simulation. The TS spectra of a series of objects involving single, multiple, and distributed Debye relaxations are calculated and then analysed by means of classical techniques. The results show the usefulness of this technique for the analysis of the distributed relaxation processes, if the distributions are continuous. Moreover, if the experimental TS spectra are analysed, it is possible to determine which of the relaxation process parameters are distributed. Die thermische Samplingtechnik (TS), eine Modifikation der thermisch stimulierten Depolarisationsmethode wird mit Computersimulation untersucht. Die TS-Spektren einer Serie von Proben mit Einzel-, Mehrfach- und verteilten Debye-Relaxationen werden berechnet und mit Hilfe klassischer Verfahren analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Anwendbarkeit dieser-Methode fur die Analyse von verteilten Relaxationsprozessen, wenn die Verteilung kontinuierlich ist. Fur experimentelle Spektren ist es daruberhinaus moglich zu bestimmen, welche Parameter des Relaxationsprozesses verteilt sind.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a technique to study the shape of small metal particles (20 to 200 A in diameter) is described, which consists in high-resolution dark-field electron microscopy using weak beams under diffraction conditions in which a large number of beams are excited.
Abstract: A technique to study the shape of small metal particles (20 to 200 A in diameter) is described. This consists in high-resolution dark-field electron microscopy using weak beams under diffraction conditions in which a large number of beams are excited. Many-beam dynamical electron diffraction theory is used to explain the effect. Examples of application of this technique in the study of growth of thin films are presented. It is found that epitaxial gold particles growing on a NaCl substrate have square and rounded pyramids shapes which are very often truncated. On decrit une technique pour etudier la forme de petites particules de metal (20 a 200 A en diametre). Cette technique est celle de la microscopie electronique en champ noir de haute resolution en utilisant des faisceaux a faible intensite sous des conditions de diffraction, dans la quelle un grande nombre de faisceaux sont excites. La theorie dynamique des faisceaux est utilisee pour expliquer cet effet. On presente des examples sur l'application de cette technique en l'etude de l'agrandissement des pellicules minces. On trouve que des particules d'or du type epitaxial que croissent sur un substrat de NaCl ont une forme pyramidal carree et arrondie, cettes formes sont tres frequement tronquees.

Journal ArticleDOI
K. Maier1
TL;DR: In this article, a low energy argon ion-beam sputtering system was developed and applied to serial sectioning in a radiotracer study of "low"-temperature self-diffusion of copper.
Abstract: A low-energy argon ion-beam sputtering system was developed and applied to serial sectioning in a radiotracer study of “low”-temperature self-diffusion of copper. Very thin uniform sections with thicknesses between several nm and a few hundred nm were removed from copper single crystals of extremely low dislocation density. Gaussian penetration curves are observed. The self-diffusion coefficient was measured over the temperature range 574 to 905 K and varies between about 3 × 10−19 and 6 × 10−13 cm2 s−1. In conjunction with the high-temperature data of Rothman and Peterson the present data are analysed in terms of mono- and divacancy contributions to the total diffusivity. In the temperature range of the present study the divacancy contribution is almost completely negligible. For the sum of formation and migration enthalpy of a mono-vacancy a best value of 2.04 eV is obtained.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From photoconductivity and transmission spectra the dependence of the forbidden band width ϵg of tellurium on pressure (up to 10 kbar) at 300, 77, and 1.2 K is determined as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: From photoconductivity and transmission spectra the dependence of the forbidden band width ϵg of tellurium on pressure (up to 10 kbar) at 300, 77, and 1.5 to 4.2 K is determined. This dependence is shown to be nonlinear, well described by the exponential relation ϵg(P) = ϵg0, e - ϵaP where the α-values differ not more than 15% at a temperature variation from 1.5 to 300 K. [Russian Text Ignored.]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, detailed infrared absorption, superconductivity, and structural investigations are made in the perovskite system BaPb1-xBixO3 to explain the semiconductor-metal phase transition in this system.
Abstract: Detailed infrared absorption, superconductivity, and structural investigations are made in the perovskite system BaPb1–xBixO3 to explain the semiconductor–metal phase transition in this system. It is proposed that the electronic states of Bi3+ in BaPb1–xBixO3 are localized, with a sudden delocalization of them at x = 0·4 where the semiconductor energy gap collapses, thereby giving rise to a Fermi surface with a relatively high density of states in the conduction band at 0 K. It is shown that these materials in the superconducting composition region are type-II s–p superconductors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Grain sizes of Nb3Sn, V3Ga, and V3Si made by the bronze technique are measured by transmission electron microscopy of multifilamentary composites reacted at various temperatures as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Grain sizes of Nb3Sn, V3Ga, and V3Si made by the bronze technique are measured by transmission electron microscopy of multifilamentary composites reacted at various temperatures. Grain sizes of V3Ga are found to be larger than those of Nb3Sn and V3Si formed at the same temperature, but much smaller than those reported by earlier workers. Copper contents of the A-15 layers are found to be low. Critical current densities at 4.2 K and fields up to 6 T are similar for V3Ga, Nb3Sn, and V3Si of the same grain size. Die Korngrosen von Nb3Sn-, V3Ga- und V3Si-Proben, die durch Reaktion in Kupferbronze erzeugt wurden, werden mittels Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie bestimmt. Bei gleicher Reaktionstemperatur ist die Korngrose von V3Ga groser als die von Nb3Sn und V3Si, jedoch erheblich kleiner als fruher von anderen Autoren berichtet. Es wird gefunden, das der Kupfergehalt der A-15-Schichten niedrig ist. Die kritischen Stromdichten sind bei 4,2 K und Feldern bis zu 6 T fur gleiche Korngrose bei V3Ga, Nb3Sn und V3Si etwa gleich.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of amorphous silicon and amorphem silizium prepared by glow discharge technique is investigated using phase contrast electron microscopy and electron diffraction, and it is concluded that there is a higher degree of local order in glow discharge Si.
Abstract: The structure of evaporated amorphous silicon and amorphous silicon prepared by glow discharge technique is investigated using phase contrast electron microscopy and electron diffraction. While evaporated Si shows a supernetwork of density fluctuations commonly observed in evaporated amorphous tetrahedrally bonded semiconductors, glow discharge Si shows no such quasiperiodic heterogeneous density fluctuation. Electron diffraction patterns are obtained using a translation detector, which directly measures the electron intensity in the image plane of the electron microscope. From the resulting RDF it is concluded, that there is a higher degree of local order in glow discharge Si. Mit Hilfe von Phasenkontrast-Elektronenmikroskopie und Elektronenbeugung wird die Struktur von aufgedampftem amorphem Silizium und von amorphem Silizium, das mit der “glow discharge” -Technik gewonnen wurde, untersucht. Wahrend aufgedampftes Si das Supernetzwerk von Dichtefluktuationen zeigt, wie es ublicherweise in aufgedampften tetraedrisch gebundenen amorphen Halbleitern gefunden wird, hat “glow discharge”-Si keine solche heterogene, quasiperiodische Dichtefluktuation. Mit Hilfe eines Translationsdetektors, der die Elektronenintensitat direkt in der Bildebene des Elektronenmikroskops mist, wird das Elektronenbeugungsspektrum aufgenommen. Aus der resultierenden RDF wird geschlossen, das der Grad der lokalen Ordnung in “glow discharge”-Si groser ist.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the nature of defects in reduced pure and Nb-doped TiO2 rutile at high temperature by Seebeck coefficient measurements using a point defect model approach.
Abstract: The nature of defects in reduced pure and Nb-doped TiO2 rutile is investigated at high temperature by Seebeck coefficient measurements The classical point defect model approach allows a good fit of the theoretical curves to experimental data In undoped rutile, the main defects should be titanium interstitials in a large oxygen partial pressure range For small departures from stoichiometry, the influence of impurities and band to band thermal excitation is discussed In the case of Nb-doped rutile, two kinds of compensation may occur Some conclusions related to transport phenomena in such materials are drawn La nature des defauts dans le rutile pur ou dope avec Nb2O5 est etudiee a haute temperature par effet Seebeck Le modele classique des defauts ponctuels permet une bonne interpretation des resultats Dans le cas du rutile non dope, le defaut principal semble ětre le titane interstitiel dans un grand domaine de pression partielle d'oxygene L'influence des impuretes et de l'ionisation intrinseque est etudiee pour de faibles ecarts a la stoechiometrie Les resultats sont ensuite appliques au cas du rutile dope au niobium La compensation de charge peut ětre effectuee par deux mecanismes differents On souligne leur importance pour l'etude des phenomenes de transport dans cet oxyde

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the microwave, UHF and dc conductivities of α-Fe2O3 were measured at various temperatures up to 1667 K in air and the interpretation of the results obtained are presented together with some discussion.
Abstract: The microwave, UHF, and dc conductivities of α-Fe2O3 are measured at various temperatures up to 1667 K in air. The interpretation of the results obtained are presented together with some discussion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The influence of substituted elements on the DO3 type structure was investigated by electron microscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy as discussed by the authors, and the hyperfine field-isomer shift correlation was discussed.
Abstract: The influence of substituted elements, such as Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, Ge, on the DO3 type structure is investigated by electron microscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The results lead to the assumption that titanium and presumably manganese substitute into the β-sublattice while nickel substitutes, in an ordered manner, into the α-sublattice. Copper and germanium substitute into the γ-sublattice. The last element improves the state of order of the Fe3Al structure. A strong repulsive interaction between aluminium and germanium is shown to exist. The hyperfine field-isomer shift correlation is discussed. L'influence des elements en substitution, tels que Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, Ge, sur ľordre DO3 de Fe3Al a ete etudiee par microscopie electronique et spectrometrie Mossbauer. Nos resultats nous conduisent a supposer que le titane et vraisemblablement le manganese se substituent sur le sous-reseau β tandis que le nickel se place, de maniere ordonnee sur le sous-reseau α. Le cuivre et le germanium se substituent sur le sous-reseau γ. Le germanium ameliore l'etat ďordre de l'alliage et une forte interaction repulsive entre aluminium et germanium est mise en evidence. La correlation entre champ hyperfin et deplacement isomerique est discutee.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on the studies of the thermal stability and the oxidizing annealing at 1350 °C, it is concluded that the one-hole center observed in a 300 K γ-irradiated Al2O3 crystal is predominantly the VOH- center as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Based on the studies of the thermal stability and the oxidizing annealing at 1350 °C, it is concluded that the one-hole center observed in a 300 K γ-irradiated Al2O3 crystal is predominantly the VOH- center. The OH− ions can be removed from the Al2O3 crystal by prolonged annealing in air at 1350 °C. The emission spectra show that the γ-ray induced thermoluminescence peaks at 390, 420, 440, 500, and 550 K peaks observed in oxidized and non-oxidized Al2O3 crystal are all related to the R-lines emission from Cr3+ in Al2O3. The 390, 420, and 500 K peaks result from thermal destruction of the hole centers by hole release. The 550 K peak is caused by the restoration of unperturbed, substitutional Cr3+ ions. Auf Grund von Untersuchungen der thermischen Stabilitat und von Oxydationstempern bei 1350 °C wird gefolgert, das das Loch-Zentrum, welches in einem bei 300 K γ-bestrahlten Al2O3-Kristall beobachtet wird, vorwiegend das VOH−-Zentrum ist. Die OH--Ionen konnen durch ausreichend langes Tempern in Luft bei 1350 °C aus dem Al2O3-Kristall entfernt werden. Die Emissionsspektren zeigen, das die durch Gammastrahlen erzeugten Thermolumineszenzmaxima bei 390, 420, 440, 500, und 550 K, die im oxydierten und nicht-oxydierten Al2O3-Kristall beobachtet werden, alle mit den R-Emissionslinien von Cr3+ in Al2O3 in Zusammenhang stehen. Die 390-, 420- und 500 K-Maxima resultieren aus der thermischen Zerstorung der Loch-Zentren durch Abgabe der Locher. Das 550 K-Maximum wird durch die Wiederherstellung ungestorter, substitutioneller Cr3+-Ionen erzeugt.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a correlation is made between the Si-G15 spectrum and the C(3) infrared absorption band at λ = 11.6 μm via the defect symmetry, stress response and their dependence on irradiation temperature and electron-fluence.
Abstract: Additional EPR experiments on the Si-G15 spectrum, previously observed in p-type, pulled silicon after electron irradiation, are described. The hyperfine interaction with the 29Si nuclei and the quenched-in defect alignment under uniaxial stress are newly observed. A correlation is made between the G15 spectrum and the C(3) infrared absorption band at λ = 11.6 μm via the defect symmetry, stress response and their dependence on irradiation temperature and electron-fluence. Based on the new experimental results as well as existing results from the infrared and EPR studies, the G15 spectrum is identified as arising from a positive charge state of a defect which may be viewed as a carbon-oxygen molecule bonded within a divacancy. The trapping of a mobile interstitial carbon by a [vacancy ± oxygen] pair results in the formation of the [CO ± V2] complex and the liberation of a selfinterstitial at room temperature. The electrical level of G15 is determined to be (Ev ± 0.32) eV. Tentatively the G16 spectrum is identified as being due to the negative charge state of this defect and having an electrical level at (Ec — 0.43) eV. Es werden weitere EPR-Experimente am Si-G15-Spektrum durchgefuhrt, das fruher schon an nach dem Czochralski-Verfahren hergestelltem, p-leitendem Silizium nach Elektronenbestrahlung beobachtet wurde. Die Hyperfeinwechselwirkung mit 29Si-Kernen und die Ausrichtung der durch Abschrecken eingefrorenen Fehlstellen unter axialer Spannung werden erneut beobachtet. Uber die Symmetrie der Fehlstelle, die Reaktion auf Spannung und deren Abhangigkeit von der Bestrah-lungstemperatur und der Elektronendosis wird das G15 Spektrum mit der C(3)-Infrarot-Absorptionsbande bei λ = 11,6 μm korreliert. Mit diesen neuen experimentellen Ergebnissen und den schon bestehenden Ergebnissen von Infrarot- und EPR-Untersuchungen wird angenommen, das das G15-Spektrum von einem positiv geladenen Zustand einer Fehlstelle kommt, die man als ein in einer Doppel-Leerstelle gebundenes CO-Molekul ansehen kann. Ein bewegliches Kohlenstoff-Zwischengitteratom wird von einem (Leerstelle ± Sauerstoffatom)-Paar eingefangen; das ergibt den [CO ± V2] Komplex, wahrend eine Eigen-Zwischengitterfehlstelle gebildet wird. Das Energie-niveau von G15 wird zu (Ev ± 0,32) eV bestimmt. Auserdem wird vermutet, das das G16-Spektrum von einem negativ geladenen Zustand dieser Fehlstelle stammt und ein Energieniveau von (Ec — 0,43) eV hat.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a cluster model was proposed to explain the geometrical features of diffuse intensity contours observed in electron diffraction patterns from binary substitutionally disordered systems, which can be considered as being built from atomic clusters of a specific polyhedral type satisfying a same relation, termed "cluster relation".
Abstract: In Part I of this paper a cluster model was proposed allowing to explain the geometrical features of diffuse intensity contours observed in electron diffraction patterns from binary substitutionally disordered systems. According to this model the ordering state, termed “transition state”, can be considered as being built from atomic clusters of a specific polyhedral type all satisfying a same relation, termed “cluster relation”. This relation establishes a linear relationship between the occupation operators of the cluster sites. In this paper the method is applied to the following systems and ordering models are proposed in each case: 1. The ordering of Li+ and Fe3+ ions on a f.c.c. sublattice in lithiumferrate (LiFeO2). 2. The ordering of vacancies on f.c.c. based lattices in VCx, VNx (0.70 ≦ × ≥ 0.84) and TiOx (1.05 ≦ × ≥ 1.25). 3. The ordering of vacancies on two-dimensional hexagonal lattices in FexTaS2, NixNbS2 (x ≈ 0.33); Ti1+xS2 (0.17 ≦ × ≥ 0.25) and in the illite mineral with Ba2+ as interlayer compensator cations. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wurde ein Clustermodell vorgeschlagen, das erlaubt, die geometrischen Einzelheiten der diffusen Intensitatskonturen zu erklaren, die in Elektronenbeugungsbildern von binaren, substitutions-fehlgeordneten Systemen beobachtet werden. In Ubereinstimmung mit diesem Modell kann der Ordnungszustand, genannt “Ubergangszustand”, in der Weise behandelt werden, als ob er aus atomaren Clustern eines spezifischen Polyedertyps aufgebaut ware, die alle die gleiche Beziehung, genannt “Clusterbeziehung”, erfullen. In der Arbeit wird die Methode auf die folgenden Systeme angewendet und fur jeden Fall werden Ordnungsmodelle vorgeschlagen: 1. Ordnung von Li+− und Fe3+-Ionen in einem k.f.z.-Untergitter in Lithiumferrat (LiFeO2), 2. Ordnung von Leerstellen in k.f.z.-Basisgittern in VCx, VNx (0,70 ≦ × ≦ 0,84) und TiOx (1,05 ≦ ≦ × ≦ 1,25), 3. Ordnung von Leerstellen in zweidimensionalen hexagonalen Gittern in FexTaS2, NixNbS2 (x ≈ 0,33); Ti1+xS2 (0,17 ≦ × ≦ 0,25) und in dem Illitmineral mit Ba2+ als Kompen sationskation der Zwischenschicht.

Journal ArticleDOI
H. Runge1
TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution of implanted ions in a semiconductor is determined by the shape of the mask edge and the scattering of the ions during the slowing down process, and a calculation for arbitrarily shaped mask edges is presented Examples of vertical, ion etched and chemically etched SiO2 masks on Si are evaluated.
Abstract: Near mask edges the distribution of implanted ions in a semiconductor is determined by the shape of the mask edge and the scattering of the ions during the slowing down process A calculation for arbitrarily shaped mask edges is presented Examples of vertical, ion etched, and chemically etched SiO2 masks on Si are evaluated It is shown that in all cases the lateral spread of the ions is not to be neglected In der Nahe von Maskenkanten wird die Verteilung implantierter Ionen durch die Form der Maskenkante und die Streuung der Ionen wahrend der Abbremsung bestimmt Es wird eine Rechnung durchgefuhrt, die beide Effekte bei beliebiger Form der Maskenkante berucksichtigt Beispiele einer senkrechten, einer ionengeatzten und einer nas-chemisch geatzten SiO2-Maske auf Si werden berechnet Es wird gezeigt, das die laterale Streuung in keinem Fall vernachlassigt werden darf

Journal ArticleDOI
K. Hübner1
TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-empirical short-range order model for the chemical bond and related properties of SiO2, developed in part I of this work, was used to evaluate different structural properties of siO2.
Abstract: With the help of the semiempirical short-range order model for the chemical bond and related properties of SiO2, developed in part I of this work, different structural properties of SiO2 are evaluated as well as trends of a property in different structural forms of SiO2 are investigated. Refractive indices and optical dielectric constants are calculated for different allotropic forms and in dependence on pressure and temperature, in agreement with experimental data. From an empirical relation between the ionicity of SiO2 in different structures, which is calculated from a new expression for the electronic dielectric constant, and the bond angle at oxygen some unknown bond angles are predicted. Furthermore, the position of the bond charge and its influence on structural trends are investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, structural changes and deformation processes acting during superplastic flow of a magnesium alloy (Mg + 1.5% Mn + 0.3% Ce, grain size Do ≈ 10 μm) in different regions of the σ-f(epsi;) curve are studied by a combination of techniques.
Abstract: Structural changes and deformation processes acting during superplastic flow of a magnesium alloy (Mg + 1.5% Mn + 0.3% Ce, grain size Do ≈ 10 μm) in different regions of the σ-f(epsi;) curve are studied by a combination of techniques. It is experimentally established that the superplastic deformation of the alloy occurs under the conditions of the activation of diffusion processes and is mainly caused by the action of two mechanisms — grain-boundary sliding and intragranular dislocation slip. Their interrelation and role in alloy deformation is analyzed on the basis of the data obtained on the peculiarities of the different processes. [Russian Text Ignored].