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Showing papers in "Physica Status Solidi B-basic Solid State Physics in 1975"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the light emission of ZnO under high one and two-quantum excitation was investigated in the temperature region from 4 to 300 K. Emission bands are observed which can be attributed to the interactions of free excitons with phonons, free excITons and free electrons, and of bound exciton with phonon and free and bound electrons.
Abstract: The light emission of ZnO under high one- and two-quantumexcitation is investigated in the temperature region from 4 to 300 K. Emission bands are observed which can be attributed to the interactions of free excitons with phonons, free excitons and free electrons, and of bound excitons with phonons and free and bound electrons. Die Lichtemission von ZnO-Kristallen bei starker Bin- und Zweiquantenanregung wird im Temperaturbereich von 4 bis 300 K untersucht. Dabei werden Emissionsbanden beob-achtet, die zuruckgefuhrt werden konnen auf die Wechselwirkungen von freien Exzitonen mit Phononen, freien Exzitonen und freien Elektronen und von gebundenen Exzitonenmit Phononen und freien und gebundenen Elektronen.

553 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extended the six-dimensional framework developed by Stroll to treat dislocations and line forces in classical anisotropic elastic media is extended to an eight-dimensional formalism to treat dislocated piezoelectric insulators.
Abstract: The six-dimensional framework developed by Stroll to treat dislocations and line forces in classical anisotropic elastic media is extended to an eight-dimensional formalism to treat dislocated piezoelectric insulators. The solutions are recast into a four-dimensional form using the so-called integral formalism developed previously by the authors. This technique allows one to compute the gradients of the mechanical displacement and the electrostatic potential as well as the total energy of the dislocated piezoelectric by merely computing three constant real (4 × 4) matrices using numerical integration, numerically a considerably simpler method than the prescription attached to the original Stroh formalism.

458 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using the tight-binding method, the valence band structures and densities of states for C, Si, Ge, GaAs, and ZnSe are calculated in this paper.
Abstract: Using the tight-binding method, the valence band structures and densities of states for C, Si, Ge, GaAs, and ZnSe are calculated. Very good agreement is obtained with other calculations when all nearest- and one second-nearest-neighbor interactions are included. The effects of the various interactions on the density of states are discussed. Mit der „tight-binding”-Methode werden die Valenzbandstrukturen und Zustandsdichten fur C, Si, Ge, GaAs und ZnSe berechnet. Sehr gute Ubereinstimmung mit anderen Rechnungen wird erreicht, wenn alle Wechselwirkungen mit nachsten und nur eine Wechselwirkung mit zweitnachsten Nachbarn berucksichtigt werden. Die Einflusse verschiedener Wechselwirkungen auf die Zustandsdichte werden diskutiert.

343 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the reflection spectra of CaWO4 and CaMoO4 single crystals were measured in the region between 4 and 25 eV using the electron synchrotron DESY as a light source.
Abstract: The reflection spectra of CaWO4 and CaMoO4 single crystals were measured in the region between 4 and 25 eV. The measurements were performed using the electron synchrotron DESY as a light source. Both crystals show very similar spectral features. A relatively sharp, well separated low energy peak is accompanied on the high energy side by two groups of maxima, each group containing three broad main reflection bands which strongly overlap. Besides this, a less pronounced structure is observed over the whole spectral region. The experimental results are discussed in terms of semiempirical MO calculations of the anionic transition metal complexes. Die Reflexionsspektren von CaWO4− und CaMoO4−Einkristallen wurden zwischen 4 und 25 eV gemessen. Das Elektronensynchrotron DESY diente als Lichtquelle. Die Spektren der beiden Kristalle sind sehr ahnlich. Ein relativ scharfer, wohl getrennter, niederenergetischer Peak wird zu kurzeren Wellenlangen hin jeweils von zwei Bandengruppen gefolgt, die im wesentlichen aus drei sich stark uberlappenden Maxima aufgebaut sind. Daneben ist uber den ganzen Spektralbereich eine weniger ausgepragte Struktur zu beobachten. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden mit Hilfe semiempirischer MO-Berechnungen der Anionenkomplexe diskutiert.

152 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectra of the zone-centered phonons in five compounds of the AIBIIIS2 chalcopyrite (ch) family are completed by IR absorption and Raman scattering measurements.
Abstract: The spectra of the zone-centered phonons in five compounds of the AIBIIIS2 chalcopyrite (ch) family are completed by IR absorption and Raman scattering measurements. The ch extended Keating model is applied to these phonons. The experiments and calculations clarify the assignments of the Γ3-modes and the low-energy modes which originate from the transverse acoustic zincblende (zb) phonons. The central force constants between nearest neighbours αBS of the homopolar bonds are very large corresponding to the small bond lengths. On the other hand, the strong heteropolar A–S bonds yield very low αAS-values. The model parameters, which are determined by optical phonon fitting, also reproduce in a zb approximation the elastic moduli of AgGaS2. Die Spektren der langwelligen optischen Phononen in funf Verbindungen der AIBIIIS2-Chalkopyritfamilie (ch) werden durch IR-Absorptions- und Ramanmessungen vervollstandigt. Das ch-erweiterte Keating-Modell wird auf diese Phononen angewendet. Die Experimente und Berechnungen klaren die Bestimmungen der Γ3-Moden und der niederenergetischen Moden, die von den transversal-akustischen Zinkblendephononen (zb) abgeleitet werden. Die zentralen Kraftkonstanten αBS zwischen nachsten Nachbarn der homopolaren Bindungen sind sehr gros, was mit den kurzen Bindungslangen ubereinstimmt. Auf der anderen Seite liefern die stark heteropolaren A–S-Bindungen sehr niedrige αAS-Werte. Die Modellparameter, die durch Anpassung der optischen Phononen bestimmt werden, geben die Elastizitatskoeffizienten von AgGaS2 in der zb-Naherung richtig wieder.

146 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The formalism of the deformable-bond approximation, described in the preceding article, is now applied to 15 compounds with zincblende structure as discussed by the authors, and the phonon dispersion curves and densities of phonon spectra are calculated for ZnS, ZnSe, GaP, GaAs, InSb, SiC, GuCl, and CuI.
Abstract: The formalism of the deformable-bond approximation, described in the preceding article of this series, is now applied to 15 compounds with zincblende structure. The phonon dispersion curves and densities of phonon spectra are calculated for ZnS, ZnSe, GaP, GaAs, InSb, SiC, GuCl, and CuI, the method developed for determination of 15 parameters characterizing the model is discussed. Analogous results obtained with an 11-parameter version of the rigid ion model are presented for comparison. Le formalisme de l'approximation des liaisons deformables, qui a ete developpe dans le precedent article de cette serie, est applique sur 15 composes presentant la structure de la blende. Les courbes de dispersion de phonons ainsi que les densites des spectres des phonons sont calculees pour ZnS, ZnSe, GaP, GaAs, InSb, SiC, CuCl et CuI et comparees aux resultats analogues obtenus avec la version a 11 parametres du modele des ions rigides, La methode utilisee pour la determination de 15 parametres caracterisant le modele est discutee.

135 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Within the frame work of Pekar's model for a spatially dispersive, bounded medium, optical spectra of thin crystals, reported by as discussed by the authors, showed a structure due to the interference of additional waves and the Fabry-Perot structure deviating markedly from the one expected in the classical case in the neighbourhood of exciton resonances.
Abstract: Within the frame work of Pekar's model for a spatially dispersive, bounded medium, optical spectra of thin crystals, reported by us recently, are analyzed, showing a structure due to the interference of additional waves and the Fabry-Perot structure deviating markedly from the one expected in the classical case in the neighbourhood of exciton resonances. A comparison of the experimental reflectivity with that obtained numerically provides values for all physical parameters defining dispersion and damping of the photoexcitons. Some additional experimental results for excitons in thin crystals are reported: evidence for the induced surface wave, an effect of the forbidden exciton, etc. [Russian Text Ignored]

130 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The photoluminescent properties of free and bound excitons in high purity p-and n-type CdTe single crystals are investigated in detail in connection with the dependence on excitation intensity, temperature, impurity-doping, and uniaxial stress as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The photoluminescent properties of free and bound excitons in high-purity p- and n-type CdTe single crystals are investigated in detail in connection with the dependence on excitation intensity, temperature, impurity-doping, and uniaxial stress. Intense free-exciton emission is observed in the single crystals grown from solutions and vapor epitaxial methods. From the thermal dissociation processes and the analysis on the basis of the effective mass argument developed by Sharma and Rodriguez and by Hopfield, an assignment of exciton emission lines is tried. Die Photolumineszenz freier und gebundener Exzitonen in hochreinen p- und n-leiten-den CdTe-Einkristallen wird ausfuhrlich mit der Abhangigkeit von Anregungsintensitat, Temperatur, Storstellendotierung und uniaxialer Spannung untersucht. In Einkristallen aus Losungen und mit epitaktischen Methoden aus der Dampfphase wird eine intensive Emission freier Exzitonen beobachtet. Aus dem thermischen Dissoziationsprozes und der Analyse auf der Grundlage effektiver Massen nach Sharma und Rodriguez sowie Hopfield wird eine Zuordnung der Exzitonen-Emissionslinien angegeben.

90 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Raman scattering from five phases of AgI that can be reached with moderate pressure and temperature was investigated and a possible interpretation of this hysteresis in terms of a sluggish phase transition from wurtzite to zinc blende was discussed.
Abstract: The Raman scattering is investigated from five phases of AgI that can be reached with moderate pressure and temperature. Particularly noteworthy is the strong negative pressure coefficient of the 17 cm−1 E2 mode in the wurtzite phase. Its mode gamma is −7.5. The intensity of this mode decreases above 1 kbar and shows hysteresis during pressure cycles. A possible interpretation of this hysteresis in terms of a sluggish phase transition from wurtzite to zinc blende is discussed. In the narrow phase between 3 and 4 kbar (IV) two strong modes are observed. At low temperature the sluggish phase transition does not occur and wurtzite transforms directly to rock salt at 3 kbar. The rock salt phase shows a second order spectrum similar to AgBr. The Raman spectrum of the disordered phase shows strong broad Rayleigh like scattering extending out to 50 cm−1 and a broad lattice like mode at 100 cm−1.

Journal ArticleDOI
H. Overhof1
TL;DR: In this paper, an expression for the thermopower S in the variable range hopping regime near the Fermi energy was derived for an arbitrary density of states, provided the localisation length, α−1, is kept constant.
Abstract: An expression for the thermopower S in the variable range hopping regime near the Fermi energy is derived. This allows the calculation of S for an arbitrary density of states, provided the localisation length, α−1, is kept constant. An application is made to estimate the density of states function of amorphous Si from conductivity and thermopower data. Ein Ausdruck fur die Thermokraft S im Bereich des Variable-Range-Hopping am Ferminiveau wird hergeleitet. Der Formalismus erlaubt die Berechnung von S fur beliebige Modelle der Zustandsdichte. Die Lokalisierungslange der Zustande, α−1, wird dabei als konstant angenommen. Der Formalismus wird zu einer Abschatzung der Form der Zustandsdichtefunktion in amorphem Silizium aus experimentellen Leitfahigkeits- und Thermokraftdaten verwendet.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the luminescence spectra of Bi3+ in MgO and CaO have been examined over a wide range of temperature, and it is found that emission from both 3P0 and 3P1 excited states to the 1S0 ground state occurs, the former forbidden transition dominating at low temperatures and the latter at high temperatures.
Abstract: The details of the luminescence spectra of Bi3+ in MgO and CaO have been examined over a wide range of temperature. It is found thatemission from both 3P0 and 3P1 excited states to the 1S0 ground state occurs, the former forbidden transition dominating at low temperatures and the latter at high temperatures. The bands can be resolved from one another, thus permitting the intensities and lifetimes of each transition to be followed. These measurements show that over a substantial temperature range the two excited states are in thermal equilibrium, and the decay characteristics are examined with theaid of a model developed in the Appendix. The radiative lifetimes of the 3PI and 3P0 states are found to be 4 × 10−8 and 2.9 × 10−3 s, respectivelyin MgO, and 2 × 10−9 and 3.8 × 10−3 s in CaO. With the aid of the discovery of the true zero-phonon line for the 3P0 1S0 transition in CaO: Bi at 383.98 nm, the form of the vibronic series for this transitioncan be interpreted. The forbidden transition is made slightly allowed by a combination of a static perturbation and coupling to a vibrational mode which mixes the 3P0 and 3P1 states. This interpretation is consistent with the results of magnetic-field enhancement of the zero-phonon line intensity reported by Runciman et al. Die Lumineszenzspektren von Bi3+ in MgO und CaO werden in einem breiten Temperatur-bereich untersucht. Dabei wird gefunden, das Emission sowohl vom 3P0− als auch vom3P1−Anregungszustand zum 1S0−Grundzustand stattfindet, wobei dor erstgenannte, verbotene Ubergangbei niedrigeren und der zweite bci hoheren Temperaturen uberwiegt. Die Banden lassen sich voneinander trennen, wodurch die Intensitat und Lebensdauer beider Uber-gange verfolgt werden. Konnen. Solche Messungen zeigen, das die beiden Anregungszustande in einein erheblichen Ternperaturbereich in thermischem Gleichgewicht stehen. Dabei werden die Zerfallscharakteristika mittels eines im Anhang hergeleiteten Modells untersucht. Die Strahlungslebensdauer der 3P1− bzw. 3P0−Zustande ergeben sich zu 4 × 10−8 bzw. 2,9 × 10−3 s in MgO und zu 2 × 10−9 bzw. 3,8 × 10−3 s in CaO. Durch das Auffinden der echten Nullphononenlinie des Ubergangs3P0 1S0 in CaO: Bi bei 383,98 nmlast sich die Form der Vibronenserie fur diesen Ubergang deuten. Durch das Zusammenwirken einer statischen Storung und einer Ankopplung an cine die 3P0− und 3P1 Zustande mischende Sohwingungsmode wird der verbotene Uberganggeringfugig erlaubt. Diese Deutung steht im Einklang mit den von Runciman et al. mitgeteilten Ergebnissen einer Magnetfeldverstar-kung der Intensitat der Nullphononenlinie.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the elastic and static dielectric constants and their first pressure derivatives, and the optical mode frequencies and mode gammas at zero wave vector were calculated for GeO2, TiO2 and SnO2 from a modified rigid ion model, in which first and second nearest neighbor central force repulsive interaction of Born-Mayer type and oxygencation-oxygen angle bending forces are included.
Abstract: The elastic and static dielectric constants and their first pressure derivatives, and the optical mode frequencies and mode gammas at zero wave vector have been calculated for GeO2, TiO2, and SnO2 from a modified rigid ion model, in which first and second nearest neighbor central force repulsive interaction of Born-Mayer type and oxygen–cation–oxygen angle bending forces are included. The nine free parameters of the model are determined from a least squares fit to the zero pressure values of the optical frequencies and elastic constants. The agreement with the experimental optical and elastic data at zero pressure is very good, and fair to moderate for the pressure derivatives. Die elastischen Konstanten, die statischen Dielektrizitatskonstanten, deren Druck-koeffizienten und die Frequenzen und mikroskopischen Gruneisen-Parameter der optischen Schwingungen in der Zonenmitte wurden fur GeO2, TiO2 und SnO2 mittels eines modifizier-ten Modells starrer lonen berechnet, in dem Zentralkrafte vom Born-Mayer-Typ zwischen nachsten und ubernachsten Nachbarn und Federbindungen fur die Verzerrung der Sauerstoff–Ration–Sauerstoff–Winkel berucksichtigt sind. Die neun freien Parameter des Modells wurden mittels der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate aus den optischen Frequenzen und elastischen Konstanten bei verschwindendem Druck bestimmt. Die Ubereinstimmung mit den gemessenen optischen und elastischen Daten bei verschwindendem Druck ist gut und die mit den Druckkoeffizienten und mikroskopischen Gruneisen-Parametern masig.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dielectric functions ϵ| arid ϵ⟂ of graphite were redetermined by electron energy loss spectroscopy, and the 11 eV-maximum of Im (ϵ|) was established beyond experimental error.
Abstract: The dielectric functions ϵ| arid ϵ⟂ of graphite were redetermined by electron energy loss spectroscopy. At 11 eV a strong maximum in Im (ϵ|)is obtained, which is in accordance with earlier electron energy loss experiments, but in disagreement with recent reflectance measurements. A detailed discussion of uncertainties in the energy loss function Im(- 1/ϵ|) and in the Kramers-Kronig analysisconfirms, that the 11 eV-maximum of Im (ϵ|) is established beyond experimental error. Our ϵ| data are in agreement with earlier electron energy loss and optical results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic hyperfine and electric quadrupole interactions with Zn67 nuclei which are nearest neighbours to the vacancy were determined for the two possible configurations, namely a Zn2+ nucleus in a) the axial site with respect to the oxygen vacancy and b) one of the three non-axial sites.
Abstract: Des mesures de RPE sur la lacune d'oxygene ayant piege un electron (centre F+) dans ZnO, and permis de determiner les parametres des interactions hyperfines magnetique et quadrupolaire electrique, avec un noyau Zn67 adjacent a la lacune. Ceci dans les deux cas possibles de configuration: celui qui correspond a un Zn67 dans un site axial par rapport a la lacune, et l'autre, correspondant au noyau dans un des trois sites non-axiaux. A partir des valeurs experimentales du parametre quadrupolaire P‖ = (3,13 ± 0,01) MHz (axial) et (3,1 ± 0,2) MHz (non-axial) nous montrons que les quatre ions Zn++ premiers voisins, relaxent vers l'exterieur de la lacune. The oxygen vacancy with one trapped electron (F+ centre) has been studied in ZnO by EPR. The magnetic hyperfine and electric quadrupole interactions with Zn67 nuclei which are nearest neighbours to the vacancy were determined for the two possible configurations, namely a Zn67 nucleus in a) the axial site with respect to the vacancy and b) one of the three non-axial sites. From the experimental values of the quadrupole interaction P‖ = (3.13 ± 0.01) MHz (axial) and (3.1 ± 0.2) MHz (non-axial), it is deduced that the four nearest neighbour Zn2+ ions relax outwards from the vacancy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the excitation spectra of the photoluminescence lines below the band gap of CdTe were used to identify emissions originating from excitons bound to neutral donors, to ionized donors, and to neutral acceptors, as well as from two-electron transitions.
Abstract: Measurements of the excitation spectra of the photoluminescence lines below the band gap of CdTe led to the identification of emissions originating from excitons bound to neutral donors, to ionized donors, and to neutral acceptors, as well as from two-electron transitions. Oscillatory variations of the free and bound exciton emission intensity with the energy change of the exciting light above the band gap and their changes with temperature indicated details of the exciton relaxation mechanisms. Messungen der Anregungsspektren der Photolumineszenz von Linien unterhalb der Bandkante von CdTe fuhren zur Identifizierung dieser Emissionslinien. Sie werden verursacht durch die Rekombination von Exzitonen, die an neutrale oder ionisierte Donatoren oder an neutrale Akzeptoren gebunden sind, sowie von Zwei-Elektronen-ubergangen. Aus dem oszillatorischen Verhalten der Lumineszenzintensitat von freien und gebundenen Exzitonen bei deren Anregungsspektren oberhalb der Bandkante und deren Temperatur-abhangigkeit wird auf Einzelheiten der Exzitonen-Relaxationsprozesse geschlossen.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the binding energies of the various MO's are lowered by 1.5 eV for solid N2 and 1.6 eV by using synchrotron radiation, which is explained by electronic relaxation via the dielectric polarization of the medium.
Abstract: Photoelectron energy distribution curves and constant final state spectra of polycrystalline films of solid N2 and O2 have been measured for photon energies 10 eV ≤ hω ≤ 30 eV by use of synchrotron radiation. Varying the photon energy and final state energy, respectively, the observed transitions originating from the valence bands could be attributed to the known molecular orbitals (MO's) of the gaseous samples. The binding energies of the various MO's are lowered by 1.5 eV for solid N2 and 1.6 eV for solid O2. This is explained by electronic relaxation via the dielectric polarization of the medium. Results on other nonpolar molecular crystals are included to check a simpleestimate of the polarization energy based on the Mott-Littleton model. Energieverteilungskurven der Photoelektronen und Photoemissionsspektren mit fester Endenergie werden fur polykristalline N2−und O2−Schiehten fur Photonenenergien 10 eV :≤ hω ≤ 30 eV mit Synchrotronstrahlung gemessen. Durch die Variation der Photonenenergie bzw. der Energie des festen Endzustandes konnten die beobachteten Ubergange aus den Valeuzbandern bekannten Molekulorbitalen der gasformigen Substanzen zugeordnet werden. Die Bindungsenergien der verschiedenen Molekulorbitale sind um 1,5 eV fur festes N2 und um 1,6 eV fur festes O2 niedriger. Diese Verschiebungen lassen sich auf Grund der elektronischen Relaxation durch die dielektrische Polarisation des Mediums erklaren. Es werden Ergebnisse fur andere nicht polare Molekulkristalle herangezogen, um cine einfache Abschatzung der Polarisationsenergie auf Grund des Mott-Littleton-Modells zu prufen.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that the symmetry of the order parameter transforms according to a three-dimensional irreducible representation of R3m corresponding to the L point of the Brillouin zone boundary of the rhombohedral lattice.
Abstract: On examine d'un point de vue theorique la transition de phase ferroelastique du phosphate de plomb Pb3(P04)2 situee a 180 °C. On remarque que le changement de symetrie spatiale R3m B2/b qui se produit a la transition, s'accompagne d'un doublement du nombre d'atomes dans la maille elementaire. Le phosphate de plomb est ainsi un materiau ferroelastique de type impropre. La symetrie du parametre d'ordre de la transition est etudiee par des methodes classiques de theorie des groupes. On montre que le parametre d'ordre se transforme suivant une representation irreductible tridimensionnelle de R3m correspondant au point L de la frontiere de la premiere zone de Brillouin du reseau rhombo-edrique. Toutefois deux representations irreductibles distinctes sont susceptibles d'induire la transition observee, laissant done subsister une ambiguite sur la symetrie reelle du parametre d'ordre. L'energie libre qui decrit revolution des proprietes physiques macro-scopiques au voisinage de la transition prend la meme forme dans les deux cas. The 180 °C ferroelastic phase transition of lead phosphate Pb3(P04)2 is theoretically investigated. It is shown that the change in space symmetry R3m B2/b which occurs at the transition, involves a doubling in the number of atoms in the unit cell. Thus, lead phosphate is a ferroelastic material of the improper type. The symmetry of its order parameter is analysed by standard group theoretical methods. It is shown that the order parameter transforms according to a three-dimensional irreducible representation of R3m corresponding to the L point of the Brillouin zone boundary of the rhombohedral lattice. However, two distinct irreducible representations can induce the observed transition leaving an ambiguity on the actual symmetry of the order parameter. The free-energy expansion which describes the evolution of physical properties in the vicinity of the transition has the same form in both oases.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the analog of a quantum kinetic equation for the description of time correlation functions of singled out nonlinear oscillators interacting with a medium (e.g., local or quasi-local vibrations in crystals) is obtained.
Abstract: The analog of a quantum kinetic equation for the description of time correlation functions of singled out nonlinear oscillators interacting with a medium (e.g. local or quasi-local vibrations in crystals) is obtained. Both the frictions, the linear and nonlinear one (the latter is due to decays with participation of two quanta of singled out oscillators), were taken into account. Spectral distributions of the correlation functions of the coordinates are found as well as those of occupation numbers. The essentially non-Lorentzian shape of the spectral distribution and its dependence on interaction parameters and temperature are analysed. [Russian Text Ignored].

Journal ArticleDOI
M. Bettini1
TL;DR: In this paper, a Keating model calculation of zone-centered phonons in ternary compounds of the chalcopyrite (ch) structure is presented, restricted to phonons of the phosphor(P) ch-family.
Abstract: A Keating model calculation of the zone-centered phonons in ternary compounds of the chalcopyrite (ch) structure is presented. The calculations are restricted to phonons of the phosphor(P) ch-family. The model describes reasonalby well the phonons of high energy. The spectra are determined preponderantly by the masses of the cations and the force constants between nearest neighbours. The influence of the force constants between second nearest neighbours and the effective charges is small. The dependence of the individual phonons upon changes in the model parameters is unravelled. The variation of the ir-oscillator strength of the same mode in different compounds demonstrates the importance of changes in the eigenvectors. The force constants of the chalcopyrite (ch) bonds are compared to those of corresponding zincblende (zb) bonds and can be explained by changes in the bond length. The model calculations yield a symmetry assignment of the experimental spectra in CdSnP2 and ZnSnP2. Die langwelligen optischen Phononen von Chalkopyritverbindungen (ch) werden mit dem Keating-Modell berechnet. Die Berechnungen beschranken sich auf Gitterschwingungen in der Phosphor(P)-ch-Familie. Das Modell beschreibt die hochenergetischen Phononen vernunftig. Die Spektren werden vorwiegend von den Kationenmassen und Kraftkonstanten zwischen nachsten Nachbarn bestimmt. Der Einflus der Kraftkonstanten zwischen ubernachsten Nachbarn und der effektiven Ladungen ist klein. Die Abhangigkeit der einzelnen Phononen von Veranderungen in den Modellparametern wird geklart. Die Variation der Infrarot-Oszillatorstarke derselben Mode in verschiedenen Verbindungen unterstreicht die Bedeutung der Veranderungen in den Eigenvektoren. Die Kraftkonstanten der Chalkopyritbindungen (ch) werden mit denen entsprechender Zinkblendebindungen (zb) verglichen und konnen uber Veranderungen in der Bindungslange gedeutet werden. Die Berechnungen liefern eine Symmetriezuordnung fur die experimentellen Spektren in CdSnP2 und ZnSnP2.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Green's tensor function is used as the solution of the elastic equations for isotropic and anisotropic cubic media and the elastic interaction energy is calculated for pairs of defects which have isotropically, tetragonal, or orthorhombic symmetry.
Abstract: Using the Green's tensor function as the solution of the elastic equations for isotropic and anisotropic cubic media the elastic interaction energy is calculated for pairs of defects which have isotropic, tetragonal, or orthorhombic symmetry. Special attention is given to the interaction of a one-dimensionally migrating interstitial, in crowdion configuration, with other defects. The differences of the interaction in elastically isotropic and anisotropic materials, the influence of defect anisotropy on the interaction potential, and the relation of these calculations to experimental results are discussed.


Journal ArticleDOI
K. Takanaka1
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that in general an induced magnetic field δH⊥ perpendicular to the applied magnetic field exists and that the anisotropy removes the degeneracy in the direction of the flux-line lattice.
Abstract: In type-II superconductors with uniaxial symmetry the three critical fields (Hc1, Hc2, Hc3) are calculated near the transition temperature Tc using the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau equations. It is shown that in general an induced magnetic field δH⊥ perpendicular to the applied magnetic field exists and that the anisotropy removes the degeneracy in the direction of the flux-line lattice. The pattern and the orientataion of the flux-line lattice are in good agreement with the experimental results of technetium. In Supraleitern II. Art mit einachsiger Symmetrie werden die drei kritischen Feldstarken (Hc1, Hc2, Hc3) in der Nahe der Ubergangstemperatur Tc mit den anisotropen Ginzburg-Landau-Gleichungen berechnet. Es wird gezeigt, das im allgemeinen ein induziertcs Magnetfeld δH⊥ senkrecht zum auseren Magnetfeld existiert und das die Anisotropie die Entartung in Richtung des Flusliniengitters aufhebt. Das Muster und die Richtung des Flusliniengitters sind in guter Ubereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen an Technetium.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the galvanomagnetic and thermoelectric effects of p-Bi2Te3 are interpreted by a non-parabolic one-valence-band model with many-valley structure.
Abstract: Messungen der galvanomagnetischen und thermoelektrischen Effekte an p-Bi2Te3 werden im Rahmen eines nichtparabolischen Einvalenzbandomodells mit Vieltalstruktur interpretiert. Fur dieses Modell werden die Ausdrucke fur die galvanomagnetischen Koeffizienten und die Thermokraft angegeben. Fur akustische Gitterstreuung werden die Streufaktoren der Hall- und Magnetowiderstandskoeffizienten theoretisch berechnet. Zur Ermittlung des reduzierten Ferminiveaus und der Breite der verbotenen Zone wird ein grafisches Losungsverfahren angegeben. Der anomale Anstieg des Hallkoeffizienten bei steigender Ladungstragerkonzentration wird durch den Einflus des „nichtparabolischen” Streufaktors erklart. Entsprechend dem Erwartungswert fur akustische Gitterstreuung ergibt sich der Temperaturgang der „isotropen” Beweglichkeit proportional T−3/2 im Gegensatz zu den bisherigen Interpretationen mit parabolischem Band. Measurements of galvanomagnetic and thermoelectric effects of p-Bi2Te3 are interpreted by a non-parabolic one-valence-band model with many-valley structure. For this model the formulas of galvanomagnetic coefficients and thermopower are given. For acoustical mode scattering the scattering-factors of the Hall and magnetoresistivity coefficients are theoretically calculated. For the determination of the reduced Fermi level and the magnitude of energy gap a graphic solution-method is given. The anomalous increase of Hall coefficients at increasing carrier concentration is interpreted by the influence of „non-parabolic” scattering factors. According to the expected value for acoustical mode scattering the dependence of „isotropic” mobility is obtained proportional T−3/2 in contrast to previous interpretations in terms of a parabolic band.

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TL;DR: The formalism of a simplified version of the deformation-dipole model, called deformable-bond approximation, is presented and the physical meaning of this lattice-dynamical model is discussed for the case of crystals having the zincblende structure.
Abstract: The formalism of a simplified version of the deformation-dipole model, called deformable-bond approximation, is presented and the physical meaning of this lattice-dynamical model is discussed for the case of crystals having the zincblende structure. Various simplifications used in the description of short-range forces are also summarized. Nous presentons le formalisme de l'approximation des liaisons deformables et discutons, sur l'exemple de cristaux de la structure blerde, la signification physique de ce modele de dynamique de reseau. Les differentes approximations qui peuvent ětre utilisees pour simplifier la description des forces a court rayon d'sont resumees et discutees.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the translational symmetry of a solid when the molecular models are applied, can be taken into account in the framework of the large unit cell (LUC) approach, and the way of connecting the molecular orbitals obtained in the LUC calculation with the one-electron states of the infinite crystal is discussed.
Abstract: It is shown that the translational symmetry of a solid when the molecular models are applied, can be taken into account in the framework of the “large unit cell (LUC)” approach. The method of choosing of LUC, suitable for a calculation of the energy levels and one-electron wave functions corresponding to some given values of the wave vector is given. The way of connecting the molecular orbitals obtained in the LUC calculation with the one-electron states of the infinite crystal is discussed. [Russian Text Ignored].


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TL;DR: In this article, the consequences of layer compound polytypism on optical properties and electronic band structure were investigated for the case of 2H and 4H PbI2 for optical properties.
Abstract: The consequences of layer compound polytypism on optical properties and electronic band structure are investigated for the case of 2H and 4H PbI2. Die Auswirkungen der Schichtstruktur-Polytypie anf optische Eigenschaften und elektronische Bandstruktur werden am Beispiel des 2H- und 4H-PbI2 untersucht.

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TL;DR: The temperature and magnetic field dependences of their galvanomagnetic properties are investigated in this article, where it was achieved, in the case of Bi2Se3, to produce crystals of n-and p-type conductivity showing concentrations down to 4 × 1016 cm−3.
Abstract: Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, and Sb2Te3 tend to grow non-stoichiometric, the defects causing high free carrier densities. Here it was achieved, in the case of Bi2Se3, to produce crystals of n-and p-type conductivity showing concentrations down to 4 × 1016 cm−3. The temperature and magnetic field dependences of their galvanomagnetic properties are investigated. At low magnetic fields and low temperatures negative magnetoresistance occurs, at high magnetic fields no saturation of the positive magnetoresistance is observed which is assumed to originate from the influence of an impurity conduction band. The temperature dependence of the Hall constant enables the evaluation of the energy gap for thermal excitations to (160 ± 10) meV for T 0. The temperature dependence of the mobility between about 50 and 200 K supports the assumption of dominating scattering of the free carriers by acoustical phonons in this temperature range. Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 und Sb2Te3 neigen zu einem unstochiometrischen Wachstum, wobei die Defekte hohe Dichten freier Ladungstrager verursachen. Hier gelang es,im Falle von Bi2Se3, Kristalle mit n-undp-Leitungstypzu erzeugen, die Tragerkonzentrationen bis hinab zu 4 × 1016 cm−3 aufwiesen. Die Temperatur- und Magnetfeldabhangigkeiten der galvanomagnetischen Eigenschaften werden untersucht. Bei kleinen magnetischen Flusdichten und niedrigen Temperaturen wird eine negative Magnetowiderstandsanderung gefunden, bei hohen Feldern fehlt jedes Anzeichen einer Sattigung der positiven Magnetowiderstandsanderung, was auf den Einflus eines Storleitungsbandes zuruckgefuhrt wird. Die Tempera-turabhangigkeitder Hallkonstante ermoglicht die Auswertung der kleiusten Bandlucke fur thermische Anregungen zu (160 ± 10) meV fur T 0. Die Temperaturabhangigkeit der Beweglichkeit zwischen etwa 50 und 200 K unterstutzt die Annahme einer uberwiegen-den Streuung der freien Ladungstrager durch akustische Phononen in diesem Temperatur-bereich.