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Showing papers in "Physica Status Solidi B-basic Solid State Physics in 1988"



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a correlation between the microcrystal size and the blue shift of the exciton luminescence peak was established, and the quantum size effect on exciton was discussed.
Abstract: In alkali chlorides heavily doped with Cu+ ions, CuCl microcrystals of different sizes are grown under different heat treatments. Their size and shape are studied using small-angle X-ray scattering. A clear correlation is established between the microcrystal size and the blue shift of the exciton luminescence peak. The quantum size effect on the exciton is discussed. The exciton confinement, that is, the restriction of the exciton translational motion in one-dimensional quantum wells is found to be rather plausible for CuCl microcrystals in crystalline matrices. Des microcristaux de CuCl de differentes tailles sont fabriques par differents traitements thermiques, dans des chlorures alcalins fortement dopes en ions Cu+. Leurs tailles et leur forme sont etudiees par diffusion aux rayons X a petit angle. Une relation bien determinee est mise en evidence entre la taille du microcristal et le deplacement vers le bleu du maximum de la raie de luminescence excitonique. L'effet de quantification dimensionnelle de l'exciton est discute. Le confinement de l'exciton, c'est a dire la restriction du deplacement de l'exciton dans un puit quantique a une dimension parait ětre le mecanisme le plus plausible dans des microcristaux de CuCl enfouis dans des matrices cristallines.

138 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the K absorption edge of pure Fe and the pre-edge Fe K absorption of FeS2 (pyrite), Fe2O3 (hematite), and FeCO3 (siderite) were investigated with single crystal absorbers of these materials using linearly polarized synchrotron X-radiation.
Abstract: The K absorption edge of pure Fe and the pre-edge Fe K absorption of FeS2 (pyrite), Fe2O3 (hematite), and FeCO3 (siderite) are investigated with single crystal absorbers of these materials using linearly polarized synchrotron X-radiation. From the angular dependence of the pre-edge K absorption the existence of predominantly ligand-field-induced dipole transition in Fe2O3 and of quadrupole transitions in FeCO3 is concluded. The multipole character and the mechanism of the pre-edge K absorption are discussed. Die K-Absorptionskante von reinem Fe und die Fe K-Vorkantenabsorption von FeS2 (Pyrit), Fe2O3 (Hamatit) und FeCO3 (Siderit) werden an einkristallinen Absorbern dieser Materialien mit linear polarisierter Synchrotron-Rontgenstrahlung untersucht. Aus der Winkelabhangigkeit der K-Vorkantenabsorption wird auf das Auftreten von uberwiegend ligandenfeldinduzierten Dipolubergangen im Fe2O3 und von Quadrupolubergangen im FeCO3 geschlossen. Der Multipolcharakter und der Mechanismus der K-Vorkantenabsorption werden diskutiert.

118 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
R. Zimmermann1
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review of gap shifts, exciton shift, bleaching, and continuum enhancement is presented. But the results for gap shifts and exciton bleaching are not discussed.
Abstract: Optical spectra below and above the Mott transition of excitons have to be calculated from the inhomogeneous integral equation for the polarization function including self-energy, screening, and band filling. Results for gap shifts, exciton shift, exciton bleaching, and continuum enhancement are critically reviewed and extended. Optische Spektren unter- und oberhalb des Mott-Ubergangs der Exzitonen mussen mit Hilfe der inhomogenen Integralgleichung fur die Polarisationsfunktion berechnet werden, die Selbstenergie, Abschirmung und Bandfullung einschliest. Ergebnisse fur Gap-Verschiebung, Reduktion der Exziton-Oszillatorstarke und die Verstarkung im Kontinuum werden kritisch referiert und erweitert.

117 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a growth technique enabling to obtain semiconductor micro-crystals with controlled sizes grown in a glassy matrix is described, and the optical properties of such systems are determined by the energy spectrum of the electron-hole pairs confined in the small-size microcrystals.
Abstract: Nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor-doped glasses are reviewed. A growth technique enabling to obtain semiconductor microcrystals with controlled sizes grown in a glassy matrix is described. It is shown that the optical properties of such systems are determined by the energy spectrum of the electron–hole pairs confined in the small-size microcrystals. The dependences of these spectra on the microcrystal size are analysed. The effect of the blue-shift of the spectra occurring at high excitation levels is discussed. At excitation with light of photon energy below the energy gap of the glass photoionization is discovered. In this process the electron is ejected from the microcrystal to the glass where it is captured by the long-lived centers. The latter process is likely to explain the effect of the glass darkening and the formation of permanent volume grating. [Russian Text Ignored].

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermodynamic properties of a strongly anharmonic crystal with the f.c.z. structure were investigated by the moment method and the analytic expressions for the quantities such as the thermal expansion coefficient, the specific heats Cv and Cp, the isothermal and adiabatic compressibilities, etc.
Abstract: By the moment method established previously on the basis of the statistical mechanics, the thermodynamic properties of a strongly anharmonic crystal with the f.c.c. structure are considered. The analytic expressions for the thermodynamic quantities as the thermal expansion coefficient, the specific heats Cv and Cp, the isothermal and adiabatic compressibilities, etc. are obtained. Mit einer fruher abgeleiteten Momentenmethode auf der Grundlage der statistischen Mechanik werden die thermodynamischen Eigenschaften eines stark anharmonischen Kristalls mit k.f.z.-Struktur untersucht. Die analytischen Ausdrucke fur die thermodynamischen Grosen, wie thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient, spezifische Warme, Cv und Cp, die isothermen und adiabatischen Kompressionsvermogen usw. werden erhalten.

89 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the size-quantized exciton states are found to split into various components, based on the analysis of the splitting on the basis of the sizequantization of the exciton translational motion in the microcrystals of thin platelets, the Luttinger parameters, and k-linear terms for the Z1,2 excitons in these compounds.
Abstract: Exciton luminescence spectra in CuCl, CuBr, and CuI microcrystals of a few nm in size which are embedded in alkali-halide matrices are studied under selective excitation at the exciton absorption bands inhomogeneously broadened by the size distribution. The size-quantized exciton states are found to split into various components. From the analysis of the splitting on the basis of the size-quantization of the exciton translational motion in the microcrystals of thin platelets, the Z3 exciton translational mass, the Luttinger parameters, and k-linear terms for the Z1,2 excitons are derived in these compounds. Les spectres de luminescence excitonique de microcristaux de CuCl, CuBr et de CuI ayant, des dimensions de quelques nm enfouis dans des matrices de halogenures alcalins alcalins sont etudies par excitation selective dans la bande d'absorption excitonique, celle-ci etant elargie de facon in homogene a cause de la distribution en dimension des microcristaux. On observe une separation en differentes composantes des etats excitoniques quantifies en dimension. A partir de l'analyse de cette separation des niveaux nous obtenons la masse translationnelle de l'exciton Z3, les parametres de Luttinger de l'exciton et les termes lineaire en k des exciton Z1,2 dans ces trois composes.

87 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt is made to derive consistently the Hamiltonian of electron excitations of high-Tc superconductors (HTSC) proceeding from their ionic and crystal structure.
Abstract: An attempt is made to derive consistently the Hamiltonian of electron excitations of high-Tc superconductors (HTSC) proceeding from their ionic and crystal structure. The carriers are shown to be able to move both, over the copper and oxygen subsystems. The spectrum of free (excess) carriers is found. It is established that the Jahn-Teller (two-level) character of Cu2+ results in a specific pairing mechanism being the most effective in rhombically distorted lattices. The analogy between HTSC and Kondo lattices (or in some sense heavy-fermion systems) is traced and the possible reason of suppressing magnetism and breaking the magnetic order in HTSC is discussed. Es wird versucht, aus ihrer Ionen- und Kristallstruktur den Hamiltonian der Elektronenanregungen von Hoch-Tc-Supraleitern (HTSC) konsistent abzuleiten. Es wird gezeigt, das die Trager fahig sind, sich sowohl uber das Kupfer- als auch das Sauerstoffsubsystem zu bewegen. Das Spektrum der freien (Uberschus-)Ladungstrager wird gefunden. Es wird festgestellt, das der Jahn-Teller(Zwei-Niveau-)Charakter des Cu2+ zu einem spezifischen Paarbildungsmechanismus fuhrt, der in rhombisch gestorten Gittern der effektivste ist. Die Analogie zwischen HTSC und Kondo-Gittern (oder im gewissen Sinne Schwer-Fermionensystemen) wird hergestellt und mogliche Grunde der Unterdruckung des Magnetismus und des Zusammenbruchs der magnetischen Ordnung in HTSC werden diskutiert.

77 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used combined optical-spectroscopic and transport investigations to determine all relevant valence band data for the whole series of mixed crystals (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 (0 ≦ x ≦ 1).
Abstract: Using combined optical-spectroscopic and transport investigations it is succeeded for the first time to determine all relevant valence band data for the whole series of mixed crystals (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 (0 ≦ x ≦ 1). The reflectivity of polarized infrared light including its anisotropy is measured in the wave number range of 300 to 4000 cm−-1. In addition to the spectra the Hall coefficients ϱ123 and ϱ312, the electrical conductivity σ ⟂ c, and the Seebeck coefficient S ⟂ c are also given. In term of a six-valley band model and scattering by acoustical phonons all experimental data are consistently described. The main axis masses m, the ellipsoid tilt angle ϑ, the effective density-of-states mass md, and the susceptibility masses m,∥c are calculated in dependence on composition, also the Fermi level EF, the carrier density p, the mobility μ ⟂ c, the high frequency dielectric constant ϵ∞⟂,∥c, and the relaxation time τopt. For the first time the structure factors in the Hall coefficients are given. In the plot m(x) the distinct maxima of m and md near x = 0.8 are evident and important for the application of these substances. Unter Verwendung von kombinierten optisch-spektroskopischen und Transportuntersuchungen ist es erstmals gelungen, alle relevanten Valenzbanddaten fur die gesamte Mischkristallreihe (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 (0 ≦ x ≦ 1) zu ermitteln. Die Reflektivitat von polarisiertem Infrarotlicht wird einschlieslich ihrer Anisotropie im Wellenzahlbereich von 300 bis 4000 cm−1 gemessen. Zusatzlich zu den Spektren werden die Hallkoeffizienten ϱ123 und ϱ512, die elektrische Leitfahigkeit σ ⟂ c und der Seebeck-Koeffizient S ⟂ c angegeben. Alle experimentellen Daten werden durch ein Sechs-Tal-Bandmodell und akustische Gitterstreuung konsistent beschrieben. Die Hauptachsenmassen m, der Ellipsoid-Neigungswinkel ϑ, die effektive Zustandsdichtemasse md und die Suszeptibilitatsmassen m,∥c werden in Abhangigkeit von der Zusammensetzung berechnet; ebenso das Ferminiveau EF, die Tragerdichte p, die Beweglichkeit μ⟂c, die Hochfrequenz-Dielektrizitatskonstante ϵ∞⟂,∥,c und die Relaxationszeit τopt. Erstmals werden die Strukturfaktoren der Hallkoeffizienten angegeben. Im Verlauf m(x) sind die Maxima von m und md nahe x = 0,8 auffallend und bedeutend fur die Anwendung dieser Substanzen.

74 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact-parameter dependence of electronic stopping for fast-proton collisions with gas and solid atoms is investigated for the case of solid targets, where the effects of arosen from electron shell rearrangement and dynamic screening of proton charge in a solid, on the electron stopping are studied.
Abstract: The semiclassical approximation with rectilinear trajectory is used to calculate the impact-parameter dependence of electronic stopping for fast-proton collisions with gas and solid atoms. The effects arosen from electron shell rearrangement and dynamic screening of proton charge in a solid, on the electron stopping are studied for case of solid targets. The calculation results are compared with experimental data and with approximate calculations based on sum rules and local electron density approximation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ni-20 at% Cr single crystals aged at 741, 828, and 973 K for up to 480 h are investigated by elastic diffuse neutron scattering as discussed by the authors, where the contributions due to short-range order and atomic size effect are separated by a least-squares fitting procedure.
Abstract: Ni–20 at% Cr single crystals aged at 741, 828, and 973 K for up to 480 h are investigated by elastic diffuse neutron scattering. The contributions due to short-range order and atomic size effect are separated by a least-squares fitting procedure. The short-range order with diffuse intensity maxima at l 1/2 0 positions increases with decreasing ageing temperature. In comparison, the intensity due to atomic displacements is weak. For the three ageing temperatures investigated the effective pair potentials, determined from the Clapp-Moss high temperature approximation as well as with an inverse Monte-Carlo method, are very similar. Ni–20 At% Cr-Einkristalle, die bei 741, 828 und 973 K bis zu 480 h ausgelagert wurden, werden mit elastischer diffuser Neutronenstreuung untersucht. Die Beitrage von Nahordnung und atomaren Verzerrungen werden nach der Methode der kleinsten Fehlerquadrate separiert. Die Nahordnung mit Intensitatsmaxima an l 1/2 0 Positionen nimmt mit abnehmender Auslagerungstemperatur zu. Vergleichsweise niedrig ist der Beitrag der atomaren Verzerrungen. Bei den drei Auslagerungstemperaturen werden sehr ahnliche effektive Paarpotentiale gefunden, sowohl nach der Clapp-Moss-Hochtemperaturnaherung als auch nach einer inversen Monte-Carlo-Methode.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dynamical Stark effect of excitons in semiconductors is treated in three and two dimensions (bulk material and MQW structures, respectively) and theoretical results are presented for the gap function, the excitonic enhancement of the Stark shift, and the induced density.
Abstract: The dynamical Stark effect of excitons in semiconductors is treated in three and two dimensions (bulk material and MQW structures, respectively). Within the low-field limit, theoretical results are presented for the gap function, the excitonic enhancement of the Stark shift, and the induced density. Higher bound states and the excitonic continuum are fully taken into account using the Coulomb Green's function. Der dynamische Stark-Effekt von Exzitonen in Halbletern wird in drei (Volumenmaterial) und zwei Dimensionen (MQW-Strukturen) behandelt. Fur den Grenzfall kleiner Feldstarken werden theoretische Ergebnisse fur die Gapfunktion, die exzitonische Verstarkung der Stark-Verschiebung und die induzierte Dichte vorgelegt. Mit Hilfe der Coulomb-Green-Funktion konnen hohere Bindungszustande und das exzitonische Kontinuum voll berucksichtigt werden.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, room-temperature X-band EPR data for Gd3+-doped isostructural rare-earth trichloride hexahydrates were analyzed using a rigorous least-squares fitting procedure.
Abstract: Room-temperature X-band EPR data for Gd3+-doped isostructural rare-earth trichloride hexahydrates are analyzed using a rigorous least-squares-fitting procedure. Discussion of the three forms of spin Hamiltonian corresponding to the orientations of the two-fold monoclinic symmetry axis C2 parallel to the magnetic axes X, Y, and Z is provided. It is found that for, C2 ∥ Y, a significantly lower value of χ2, representing the goodness of fit, is obtained. A discussion of the determination of degree of monoclinicity, as revealed by the spin Hamiltonian parameters, is provided. Systematics of the spin Hamiltonian parameters b and b, as functions of the host–ion radius, are also studied. Les donnes de RPE en bande X, recueillies a temperature ambiante sur les echantillons d'ion Gd3+ dopant monocristaux de hexahydrate de trichloride de terre-rare, ete analysees utilisant une methode rigoureuse des moindres carres. Une discussion des trois formes des Hamiltonians de spin correspondant a trois orientations de C2, l'axe de syetrie a double rotation, parallele aux axes magnetiques X, Y, Z est inclue. On a trouve que, pour C2 ∥ Y, une valeur bien plus basse de χ2, representant la qualite d'adaptation, est obtenue. Une discussion de la determination de degre de monoclinicite comme revelee par les parametres de l'Hamiltonian de spin, est inclue. Les systematiques des parametres b et b de l'Hamiltonian de spin, comme fonctions du radius de l'ion-hǒte, sont aussi etudiees.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the solid zinc chalcogenides ZnX (X = O, S, Se, Te) is carried out, using the following nuclei as probes, 67Zn, 17O, 33S, 77Se, and 125Te.
Abstract: A nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the solid zinc chalcogenides ZnX (X = O, S, Se, Te) is carried out, using the following nuclei as probes, 67Zn, 17O, 33S, 77Se, and 125Te. The spectra yield nuclear quadrupole coupling constants and chemical-shift parameters for polycrystalline ZnO and Zns in the wurtzite (hexagonal) form, and chemical shifts and linewidths for polycrystalline ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe in the sphalerite (cubic) form. A single crystal of ZnO is used to obtain an accurate measurement of the quadrupole coupling constant for 67Zn, ∣e2qQ/h∣ = 2.4065(15) MHz at 296 K, in agreement with a recent Mossbauer-effect measurement. The electric field gradient of the wurtzite structures is analysed with a simple ionic model, and the results are found to be in semi-quantitative agreement with experiment. On decrit une enquěte par resonance magnetique nucleaire sur les composes ZnX (X = O, S, Se, Te) en phase solide, en quoi les noyaux que voici, 67Zn, 17O, 33S, 77Se et 125Te, out servis de sondes. Les spectres des polycristals ont rendus pour ZnO et ZnS en forme hexagonale (wurtzite) les composantes de la deplacement chimique et les constates du couplage quadrupolaire nucleaire, aussi pour ZnS, ZnSe et ZnTe en forme cubique (blende) les deplacements chimiques et la largeur des raies. Un monocristal de ZnO a rendu un mesurage precis de la constante du couplage quadrupolaire pour 67Zn, e2 ∣qQ∣/h = 2,4065(15) MHz a 296 K, ce qui est d'accord avec un mesure recent par l'effet Mossbauer. On analyse le gradient de champ electrique a la wurtzite avec l'aide d'un modele ionique, et entre les resultats et les experiences on voit une concordance a demi quantitative.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bond-centered Wannier functions are constructed for the valence bands of silicon by a direct superposition of the Bloch functions whose phases are chosen on physical grounds as discussed by the authors. But the results of these functions are not applicable to our work.
Abstract: Bond-centered Wannier functions are constructed for the valence bands of silicon by a direct superposition of the Bloch functions whose phases are chosen on physical grounds. The Bloch functions are calculated using the linear muffin-tin orbitals method within the local density approximation. The resulting four Wannier functions per unit cell are equivalent to one another. Each is localized on a bond-center, has the Γ1 symmetry of the D3d group, and falls off exponentially. Bindungszentrierte Wannierfunktionen fur die Valenzbander von Silizium werden durch direkte Uberlagerung der Blochfunktionen konstruiert. Die Phasen der Blochfunktionen werden aufgrund physikalischer Uberlegungen gewahlt. Die Blochfunktionen werden unter Verwendung der Linear-Muffin-Tin-Orbital (LMTO)-Methode innerhalb der lokalen Approximation der Dichtefunktionaltheorie berechnet. Die resultierenden vier Wannierfunktionen pro Einheitszelle sind aquivalent. Jede ist an einem Bindungszentrum lokalisiert, hat die Γ1-Symmetrie der D3d-Gruppe und fallt exponentiell ab.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Within the Hartree-Fock theory, Stark shift and bleaching of the exciton line are evaluated in this article, and the influence of photon statistics on light-induced gaps is investigated.
Abstract: Kinetic problems for off-resonance excitation (dynamical Stark effect) and resonant excitation (laser-induced gaps) are studied. Within the Hartree-Fock theory, Stark shift and bleaching of the exciton line are evaluated. The influence of photon statistics on light-induced gaps is investigated. Open questions concerning the transient response are clarified. Es werden kinetische Probleme fur nichtresonante Anregung (dynamischer Stark-Effekt) und resonante Anregung (laserinduzierte Lucken) betrachtet. Im Rahmen der Hartree-Fock-Theorie werden Stark-Verschiebung und Oszillatorstarkenanderung fur die Exzitonlinie berechnet. Der Einflus der Photon-Statistik auf die lichtinduzierten Lucken wird untersucht. Einige offene Fragen des Kurzzeit-Response werden geklart.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism of concentration quenching of the Gd3+ emission in (La, Gd)AlO3 and the Eu3+ emissions in (Eu, GD)Al O3 is discussed and discussed.
Abstract: The mechanism of concentration quenching of the Gd3+ emission in (La, Gd)AlO3 and the Eu3+ emission in (Eu, Gd)AlO3 is reported and discussed. Nearest and next-nearest neighbors are involved in the concentration quenching process. Nearest neighbor transfer occurs by exchange interaction. Even for next-nearest neighbors this type of interaction seems to dominate. In GdAlO3 energy migration via the 6I level is reported. After excitation of the 6I level, the excitation energy migrates at 300 K about 1350 steps over the 6I level before nonradiative decay to the 6P level occurs. The energy migration in EuAlO3 at low temperatures can be described with a phonon-assisted process. Der Mechanismus der Konzentrationstilgung der Gd3+-Emission in (La, Gd)AlO3 und der Eu3+-Emission in (Eu, Gd)AlO3 wird mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Nachste und ubernachste Nachbarn werden in den Konzentrationstilgungseffekt einbezogen. Transfer nachster Nachbarn tritt durch Austauschwechselwirkung auf. Sogar fur ubernachste Nachbarn scheint diese Wechselwirkung zu dominieren. In GdAlO3 wird Energiewanderung uber das 6I-Niveau gefunden. Nach Anregung des 6I-Niveaus wandert die Anregungsenergie bei 300 K etwa 1350 Schritte uber das 6I-Niveau, bevor nichtstrahlendes Abklingen auf das 6P-Niveau auftritt. Die Energiewanderung in EuAlO3 bei tiefen Temperaturen last sich mit einem phononenunterstutzten Prozes beschreiben.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the resistance and Hall effect in p-Bi2Te3 and Bi-Te3-Sn with tin content x = 0.1 and 0.25 at% and hole concentrations p = (2 to 4) × 1018 cm−-3 in the temperature range 0.5 K ≦ T ≦ 300 K, at stationary magnetic fields 0 ≦ B ≦ 22 T and under hydrostatic pressure 0 ≥ P ≦ 5.3 × 108 Pa.
Abstract: The resistance and Hall effect are investigated in p-Bi2Te3 and Bi2Te3〈Sn〉 with tin content x = 0.1 and 0.25 at% and hole concentrations p = (2 to 4) × 1018 cm−-3 in the temperature range 0.5 K ≦ T ≦ 300 K, at stationary magnetic fields 0 ≦ B ≦ 22 T and under hydrostatic pressure 0 ≦ P ≦ 5.3 × 108 Pa. In the samples containing Sn the oscillations of resistance (Shubnikov-de Haas effect (SdH)) show an anomalously high amplitude and the oscillations of Hall voltage show plateaus. In the ultrahigh region of magnetic fields the magnetoresistance and Hall resistance are practically constant. Under hydrostatic pressures P > 3 × 108 Pa all peculiarities of oscillations disappear. It is proposed that tin doping of Bi2Te3 leads to the appearance of an impurity band with high density of states not far from the maximum of the heavy hole band which stabilizes the Fermi level. Under hydrostatic pressure the light hole band rises relatively to the heavy hole band and carriers flow from the impurity band into the light hole band, which leads to the disappearance of peculiarities of oscillations in tin doped samples. [Russian Text Ignored].

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an effective field theory is proposed and used to derive the thermodynamic properties of the mixed Ising spin system consisting of spin-½ and spin-1 with different transverse fields.
Abstract: An effective-field theory is proposed and used to derive the thermodynamic properties of the mixed Ising spin system consisting of spin-½ and spin-1 with different transverse fields. The effects of transverse fields on the critical behavior and the magnetization curves are studied. It is shown that the present formalism, in spite of its simplicity, yields results which represent a remarkable improvement on the mean-field treatment. Es wird eine Effektiv-Feld-Theorie vorgeschlagen und benutzt, um die thermodynamischen Eigenschaften des gemischten Ising-Spin-Systems aus Spin = ½ und Spin = 1 mit unterschiedlichen transversalen Feldern abzuleiten. Die Einflusse der transversalen Felder auf das kritische Verhalten und die Magnetisierungskurven werden untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, das der dargelegte Formalismus, trotz seiner Einfachheit, Ergebnisse liefert, die eine bemerkenswerte Verbesserung des Mittelfeldverfahrens darstellen.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a nonlinear bisoliton model of high-temperature superconductivity in ceramic oxides was developed and the absence of an isotopic effect was explained.
Abstract: A moderately strong electron–phonon interaction is used to develop a nonlinear bisoliton model of high-temperature superconductivity in ceramic oxides. The absence of an isotopic effect is explained. The dependence of the critical temperature for a superconducting transition and of the formation of a bisoliton condensate on bisoliton concentration is explained qualitatively. It is shown that at low temperatures electrons with an energy above the critical one come from a metal to a superconductor at equal time intervals only in pairs in a singlet spin state as bisolitons. [Russian Text Ignored]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the light-induced changes of the properties of a semiconductor caused by an ultra-short strong laser pulse with a central frequency well below the fundamental absorption edge are investigated.
Abstract: The light-induced changes of the properties of a semiconductor caused by an ultra-short strong laser pulse with a central frequency well below the fundamental absorption edge are investigated. Renormalization and time evolution of one- and two-particle properties are discussed using a nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. Numerical results for the absorption spectra are presented. Es werden die lichtinduzierten Anderungen der Eigenschaften eines Halbleiters untersucht, die durch einen starken ultrakurzen Laserimpuls mit einer Mittenfrequenz unterhalb der Grundgitter-absorptionskante verursacht werden. Mit einem Nichtgleichgewichts-Greenfunktionen-Formalismus werden Renormierung und Zeitentwicklung von Ein- und Zweiteilcheneigenschaften diskutiert. Numerische Ergebnisse fur die Absorptionsspektren werden angegeben.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical analysis of transverse and longitudinal distributivity effects in semiconductor optical bistable systems is presented, where new types of field spatial structures are shown: immovable and moving autosolitons, waves of automodulation and autostochasticity, and pulsing distributions.
Abstract: Results are presented of a theoretical analysis of transverse and longitudinal distributivity effects in semiconductor optical bistable systems. For a resonatorless increasing absorption bistable system the kinetics of autopulsations (resulting from the formation of moving absorption domains) are described. For wideaperture nonlinear interferometers new types of field spatial structures are shown: immovable and moving autosolitons, waves of automodulation and autostochasticity, and pulsing distributions. [Russian Text Ignored].

Journal ArticleDOI
M. Inoue1, S. Ōhara1, S. Horisaka1, Mikio Koyano1, Hiroshi Negishi1 
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical resistivity under hydrostatic pressure up to 1.0 GPa, Hall effect, magnetoresistance, and thermoelectric power are measured over the temperature range from 1.5 to 300 K for both orthorhombic and monoclinic Mo4O11 crystals with quasi-two-dimensional structures.
Abstract: The electrical resistivity under hydrostatic pressure up to 1.0 GPa, Hall effect, magnetoresistance, and thermoelectric power are measured over the temperature range from 1.5 to 300 K for both, orthorhombic γ-Mo4O11 and monoclinic η-Mo4O11 crystals with quasi-two-dimensional structures. All these properties show anomalies associated with the charge density wave (CDW) transition; particularly the hydrostatic pressure enhances the CDW instabilities through the increased electron–phonon interaction and partial nesting of the Fermi surfaces. It is also found that both, electrons and holes contribute to the conduction processes, for which a qualitative discussion is made. Der elektrische Widerstand unter hydrostatischem Druck bis 1,0 GPa, Halleffekt, magnetische Widerstandsanderung und Thermospannung werden bei Temperaturen von 1,5 bis 300 K fur rhombische γ-Mo4O11- und monokline η-Mo4O11-Kristalle mit quasi-zwei-dimensionaler Struktur gemessen. Alle Transporterscheinungen zeigen die mit dem Ladungsdichtewellen (LDW)-Ubergang assoziierten Anomalien; besonders der hydrostatische Druck erhoht die LDW-Instabilitaten durch die angewachsene Elektron–Phonon-Wechselwirkung und partielle Schachtelung der Fermi-Flachen. Es wird auch gefunden, das sowohl die Elektronen als auch die Locher zum Leitungsprozes beitragen; dafur wird eine qualitative Diskussion gegeben.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of ab-initio calculations of the ground state and electronic properties of SiC and BN are presented in this article, which are derived from the total ground state energy of the crystal calculated in the local density approximation and from the one-particle Kohn-Sham equations.
Abstract: The results of ab-initio calculations of the ground state and electronic properties of the IV-IV and III–V compounds, SiC and BN, are presented. These properties are derived from the total ground state energy of the crystal calculated in the local density approximation and from the one-Particle Kohn-Sham equations. The ab-initio norm-conserving non-local pseudopotential of Bachelet, Hamann, and Schluter is used. The bulk modulus, its pressure coefficients, and the pressure coefficients of the electron energy differences between the top valence band and lowest conduction bands are also derived. The results are compared with the few existing measurements and with calculations by other investigators. Die Ergebnisse von ab-initio-Berechnungen des Grundzustands und der elektronischen Eigenschaften der IV–IV- und III–V-Verbindungen, SiC und BN werden mitgeteilt. Diese Eigenschaften werden aus der Gesamtgrundzustandsenergie abgeleitet, die in der lokalen Dischtenaherung und mit Einteilchen-Kohn-Sham-Gleichungen berechnet wird. Das normerhaltene, nichtlokale abinitio-Pseudopotential von Bachelet, Hamann und Schluter wird benutzt. Der Elastizitatsmoudul, seine Druckkoeffizienten und die Druckkoeffizienten der Elektronenenergiedifferenzen zwischen dem hochsten Valenzband und dem niedrigsten Leitungsband werden ebenfalls abgeleitet. Die Ergebnisse werden mit einigen existierenden Messungen und mit Berechnungen anderer Autoren verglichen.

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TL;DR: In this article, it was demonstrated that the so-called LO-TO splittings in the infrared spectra of thin amorphous insulating layers are a consequence of boundary conditions.
Abstract: It will be demonstrated that the so-called LO–TO splittings in the infrared spectra of thin amorphous insulating layers are a consequence of boundary conditions. Es wird gezeigt, das die sogenannten LO–TO-Aufspaltungen in IR-Spektren dunner amorpher Isolatorschichten aus Randbedingungen folgen.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of the UV luminescence from PbCl2 crystals are measured from 3.8 to 25 K. The form of the long time component of UV luminance decay curve is thoroughly investigated and compared with theoretical predictions.
Abstract: The kinetics of the UV luminescence from PbCl2 crystals are measured from 3.8 to 25 K. Two components in UV luminescence are found. The form of the long time component of the UV luminescence decay curve is thoroughly investigated and compared with theoretical predictions. A model based upon exciton—exciton annihilation leading to free electron—hole pairs is used to describe the decay at temperatures above 15 K. [Russian Text Ignored]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the transfer matrix method is considered for obtaining properties of standard wells and barriers in one-dimensional Schrodinger problems with constant and position-dependent mass, and the formulae for the energy levels of a well and the transmission coefficient of a barrier are given.
Abstract: The transfer matrix method is considered for obtaining properties of standard wells and barriers in one-dimensional Schrodinger problems with constant and position-dependent mass The formulae for the energy levels of a well and the transmission coefficient of a barrier are given The continuity is demonstrated between virtual bound states in a well of position-dependent mass and the relation between the zero energy gap states of a periodic potential problem with the corresponding energies of the non-periodic one's with transmission coefficient equal to one The calculations are carried out for a wide class of potentials profiles Le formalisme de la matrice de transfert est considere pour obtenir des proprietes des puits et barrieres unidimensionnels dans le cas de masse constante et dependant de la position On donne les formules pour les niveaux d'energie d'un puits et le coefficient de transmission d'une barriere On montre la continuite entre les etats virtuels lies et les etats lies dans un puits, et le rapport entre les etats de gap nul d'un probleme periodique et les energies des problemes non-periodiques associes a vec un coefficient de transmission unitaire Les calculs sont faits pour une classe large de potentiels