Showing papers in "Physics Reports in 2000"

TL;DR: Fractional kinetic equations of the diffusion, diffusion-advection, and Fokker-Planck type are presented as a useful approach for the description of transport dynamics in complex systems which are governed by anomalous diffusion and non-exponential relaxation patterns.

TL;DR: In this paper, the holographic correspondence between field theories and string/M theory is discussed, focusing on the relation between compactifications of string theory on anti-de Sitter spaces and conformal field theories.

TL;DR: In this paper, a critical review of particle-hopping models of vehicular traffic is presented, focusing on the results obtained mainly from the so-called "particle hopping" models, particularly emphasizing those formulated in recent years using the language of cellular automata.

TL;DR: Theoretical and experimental work concerned with dynamic fluctuations has developed into a very active and fascinating subfield of mesoscopic physics as discussed by the authors, which can be used to obtain information on a system which is not available through conductance measurements.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method for propagating wavepackets is given, and the formal derivation, numerical implementation, and performance of the method are detailed.

TL;DR: In this article, the neutralino is proposed as the lightest superpartner in many supersymmetric theories, and it is shown how to calculate the cosmological abundance of neutralino and event rates for both direct and indirect detection schemes.

TL;DR: The cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS) is a momentum space imaging technique for the investigation of the dynamics of ionizing ion, electron or photon impact reactions with atoms or molecules as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, a pedagogical derivation of the various relations that characterize the response of a detector to a stochastic background is given, and the sensitivities of the large interferometers under constructions (LIGO, VIRGO, GEO600, TAMA300, AIGO) or planned (Avdanced LIGO and presently operating resonant bars).

TL;DR: In this paper, the Ott-Grebogi-Yorke (OGY) method and the adaptive method for chaotic control are discussed. But the authors focus on the targeting problem, i.e., how to bring a trajectory to a small neighborhood of a desired location in the chaotic attractor in both low and high dimensions.

TL;DR: In this article, the cohomology groups of the differential introduced by Becchi, Rouet, Stora and Tyutin are computed in a self-contained manner, with the sources of the BRST variations of the fields included in the problem.

TL;DR: A review of the physics and astrophysics associated with the questions of origin and propagation of these extremely high-energy (EHE) cosmic-rays in the Universe is given in this article.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent developments in the theory of fluctuations and correlations of energy levels and eigenfunction amplitudes in diffusive mesoscopic samples is presented, with emphasis on low-dimensional (quasi-1D and 2D) systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the present status of TDLDA calculations for metal clusters, considering formal aspects of the theory, recipes for its numerical implementation as well as a variety of applications.

TL;DR: In this paper, the cosmology and physics underlying primordial nucleosynthesis were reviewed and current observational data was surveyed in order to compare the predictions of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis with the inferred primordial abundances.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss self-focusing of spatial optical solitons in diffractive nonlinear media due to either transverse (one more unbounded spatial dimension) or modulational (induced by temporal wave dispersion) instabilities, in the framework of the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation and its generalizations.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review describes theoretical problems encountered in trying to obtain a quantum mechanical counterpart and the solutions proposed, and a summary of current experimental techniques is also included, along with a review of the current state of the art.

TL;DR: In this paper, a class of non-topological defects in the standard electroweak model and their implications are discussed, and the potential relevance to future particle accelerator experiments and to baryon number violating processes is considered.

TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of phase transition studies can be found in this article, where the authors identify the essential key concepts and points of difficulty associated with the study of phase transitions and discuss the most widely used experimental techniques for measuring these transition properties.

TL;DR: In this article, the basic workings of inflationary models are summarized, along with the arguments that strongly suggest that our universe is the product of inflation, and the mechanisms that lead to eternal inflation in both new and chaotic models are described.

TL;DR: In this paper, a scaling theory of local field fluctuations and optical nonlinearities is developed for random metal-dielectric composites near a percolation threshold, which predicts that in the optical and infrared spectral ranges the local fields are very inhomogeneous and consist of sharp peaks representing localized surface plasmons.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the possibility that gamma-ray bursts are powered by a central engine consisting of a black hole with an external magnetic field anchored in a surrounding disk or torus.

TL;DR: The possibility of additional quarks and leptons beyond the three generations already established is discussed in this paper, with the possibility of exceptionally long lifetimes and decay modes being dependent on the mass spectrum and mixing angles.

TL;DR: In this article, the nuclear to quark matter phase transition, the possible mixed phase and its structure are discussed. And a number of numerical calculations of rotating neutron stars with and without phase transitions are given and compared to observed masses, radii, temperatures and glitches.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the role of the nuclear symmetry energy and the nuclear specific heat in the collapse of a supernova, and showed that the symmetry energy plays an important role in the supernova phenomenon, the structure of neutron stars, and in the mergers of compact objects.

TL;DR: The latest achievements in the theory of premixed flames including both the analytical theory and the numerical simulations are reviewed in this paper, where the influence of compressibility, flame generated acoustic waves and shock waves on flame dynamics is considered.

TL;DR: In this paper, a topological hypothesis was proposed to explain the chaotic behavior of the curvature of the configuration space of a dynamical system at a phase transition point, which can be qualitatively reproduced using geometric models.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the most frequent instabilities in ballistic growth is presented, which are mostly kinetic (when the desired state cannot be reached because of a lack of time) or thermodynamic (when a desired state is unstable).

TL;DR: In this article, a geometrical approach to the description of the dynamics of superparticles, superstrings and, in general, of super-p -branes, Dirichlet branes and the M5-brane is presented.

TL;DR: The recent discovery of GRB afterglow has demonstrated that we are on the right track towards the resolution of this long standing puzzle as discussed by the authors, and the current understanding implies that GRBs signal the birth of stellar mass black holes.

TL;DR: The connection between the scattering matrix and the decay behavior is established and the non–exponential decay law for systems with a small number of open channels is derived, and the essential features of such systems are presented.