Showing papers in "Physics Reports in 2006"

TL;DR: The major concepts and results recently achieved in the study of the structure and dynamics of complex networks are reviewed, and the relevant applications of these ideas in many different disciplines are summarized, ranging from nonlinear science to biology, from statistical mechanics to medicine and engineering.

TL;DR: In this paper, the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP are reported.

TL;DR: In this article, the physics of the 21 cm transition were reviewed, focusing on processes relevant at high redshifts, and the insights to be gained from such observations were described.

TL;DR: In this paper, a pedagogical overview of flux compactifications in string theory is presented, from the basic ideas to the most recent developments, focusing on closed-string fluxes in type-II theories.

TL;DR: Weak gravitational lensing has several important effects on the cosmic microwave background (CMB): it changes the CMB power spectra, induces non-Gaussianities, and generates a B-mode polarization signal that is an important source of confusion for the signal from primordial gravitational waves.

TL;DR: In this paper, a thorough treatment of universality for the system of three identical bosons is presented, and the universal information that is currently available for other 3-body systems is summarized.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how free-streaming massive neutrinos affect the evolution of cosmological perturbations, and summarize the current bounds on the sum of neutrino masses that can be derived from various combinations of data, including the most recent analysis by the WMAP team.

TL;DR: The maximum entropy production principle (MEPP) as discussed by the authors was proposed to maximize the entropy production during nonequilibrium processes, and it has been applied in a wide range of applications.

TL;DR: The mass of an atom, and its inherent connection with the atomic and nuclear binding energy is a fundamental property, a unique fingerprint of the atomic nucleus as mentioned in this paper, and the importance of its mass ranges from verification of nuclear models to a test of the Standard Model, in particular with regard to the weak interaction and the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the X-ray spectra of the cores of clusters of galaxies, and discuss several viable mechanisms designed to cancel or distort the expected process of cooling.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of different regimes for fidelity decay in quantum information processes is presented, and some important applications and experiments are discussed, using time correlation functions as a backbone for the discussion.

TL;DR: A survey of the experimental, phenomenological, and theoretical status of the new heavy mesons is presented in this paper, where the properties of the X ( 3872 ), and the chiral doublet model are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the possible interplay between the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the International e(+)e(-) Linear Collider (ILC) in testing the Standard Model and in discovering and determining the origin of new physics.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the literature on heavy-ion fusion at low energies is presented, with special emphasis given to the fusion of loosely bound stable and unstable projectiles, and the experimental challenges encountered in the measurement of the fusion cross section of these systems are pointed out.

TL;DR: In this paper, the physical principles of ultrashort pulse generation in VECSELs are discussed, considering the role played by the semiconductor quantum well gain structure, and the saturable absorber.

TL;DR: A review of the recent advances in the field and stresses quantum phenomena that require laser field intensities in excess of the relativistic threshold of ∼ 10 18 W / cm 2 is presented in this article.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present theoretical characterizations of spatiotemporal dynamics and control based on the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation as well as models of the BZ and CO/Pt reactions.

TL;DR: In this article, the first examples of hyper-deformed structures in nuclei with an axis ratio of 3:1 were presented, in the case of the beryllium isotopes.

TL;DR: In this article, a theory for electron charge and spin transport with general magnetization directions is presented, based on the semiclassical concept of a vector spin accumulation, which can be used to predict spin-transfer torque for different material combinations.

TL;DR: Applications of coarse-grained models to changes of the membrane topology are illustrated with studies of membrane fusion utilizing simulations and self-consistent field theory.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the history of tunneling times starting with the early work of MacColl, Hartman, and Wigner and show how this new understanding along with the concept of energy storage and release resolves all the outstanding tunneling time paradoxes.

TL;DR: The braneworld model of Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati (DGP) is a theory where gravity is altered at immense distances by the excruciatingly slow leakage of gravity off our three-dimensional Universe and, as a modified-gravity theory, has pioneered this line of investigation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare various strategies to coarse-grained simulation of a biological membrane and conclude that the results obtained by the various mesoscopic models are surprisingly consistent. But they do not discuss the effect of transmembrane peptides on the local structure of a membrane and the mechanism of vesicle fusion and fission.

TL;DR: In this paper, the current status of electroweak precision observables in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is reviewed, and the current theoretical uncertainties from unknown higher-order corrections and from the experimental errors of the input parameters are given.

TL;DR: A review of theoretical and experimental aspects of multiphoton quantum optics can be found in this paper, where the authors focus on parametric processes in nonlinear media, with special emphasis on the engineering of nonclassical states of photons and atoms that are relevant for the conceptual investigations and for the practical applications of modern quantum mechanics.

TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchy of geometrical structures is constructed on a null hypersurface, and the isolated horizon structure is reformulated in this framework by making use of some 3 + 1 slicing of spacetime.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed presentation of stochastic Schramm-Loewner evolutions (SLE) which are Markov processes describing interfaces in 2D critical systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, a full phase diagram was determined numerically, confirming earlier predictions for a merger of the black-hole and black-string phases and giving very strong evidence that the end-state of the Gregory-Laflamme instability is a black hole (in the dimension range 5 ⩽ D ⌽ 13 ).

TL;DR: An overview of wavefunction-based correlation methods generalised for the application to solids is presented in this paper, where the authors focus on the so-called method of increments where the correlation energy of the solid is expanded in terms of localised orbitals or of a group of localized orbitals.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review recent theoretical progress in understanding physical processes of composite effects on enhanced third-order nonlinear optical responses of various kinds of the recently proposed non-linear optical materials, namely, colloidal nanocrystals with inhomogeneous metallodielectric particles or a graded-index host, metallic films with inhmogeneous microstructures adjusted by ion doping or temperature gradient, composites with compositional gradation or graded particles.