Showing papers in "Physics Reports in 2008"

TL;DR: The advances in the comprehension of synchronization phenomena when oscillating elements are constrained to interact in a complex network topology are reported and the new emergent features coming out from the interplay between the structure and the function of the underlying pattern of connections are overviewed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and the fundamental properties of the Higgs particle of the Standard Model and its decay modes and production mechanisms at hadron colliders and at future lepton colliders.

TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of the neutral and charged Higgs bosons of the extended Higgs sector are summarized and their decay modes and production mechanisms at hadron colliders and at future lepton colliders are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of recent experimental and theoretical developments in the area of optical discrete solitons, which represent self-trapped wavepackets in nonlinear periodic structures and result from the interplay between lattice diffraction (or dispersion) and material nonlinearity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the major progress achieved during the last decade in isospin physics with heavy ion reactions and discuss future challenges to the most important issues in this field.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review recent experimental advances towards a quantum computer with trapped ions and present some implementations of quantum algorithms such as deterministic teleportation of quantum information and an error correction scheme.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of localized excitations and review their basic properties including dynamical and structural stability, and focus on advances in the theory of discrete breathers in three directions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relation between the relaxation of spontaneous fluctuations and the response to an external perturbation is discussed, and the connection of these works with large deviation theory is analyzed.

TL;DR: The current status and some perspectives of the phenomenology of massive neutrinos are reviewed in this article, with a focus on neutrino oscillations in vacuum and in matter.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent achievements in theoretical studies of ultracold dipolar gases, both fermionic and bosonic, is presented, focusing on many-body properties of such systems and discuss how the characteristic features of dipole-dipole interaction, long range and anisotropy, affect their collective behavior and result in novel macroscopic quantum phenomena.

TL;DR: The fuzzball proposal as mentioned in this paper states that associated with a black hole of entropy S, there are exp S horizon-free non-singular solutions that asymptotically look like the black hole but generically differ from the original black hole up to the horizon scale.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review how heavy-element abundances affect solar models, how these models are tested with helioseismology, and the impact of the new abundances on standard solar models.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the physics of solitary waves in alignments of elastic beads, such as glass beads or stainless steel beads, and show that any impulse propagates as a new kind of highly interactive solitary wave through such an alignment and that the existence of these waves seems to present a need to re-examine the very definition of equilibrium.

TL;DR: Ekpyrotic and cyclic cosmologies as discussed by the authors provide theories of the very early and the very late universe, where the big bang is described as a collision of branes.

TL;DR: Various aspects of probing the matter power spectrum and the bi-spectrum and other related statistics with weak lensing surveys are described to probe the background dynamics of the universe as well as the nature of dark matter and dark energy.

TL;DR: In this article, the physics of large impact parameter interactions at the LHC were discussed, and the dominant processes in UPCs are photon-nucleon (nucleus) interactions.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of high-energy neutrinos (E ν > 100 GeV ) with the main topics as follows are: • The production mechanism of high energy neutrino in astrophysical shocks.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review recent theoretical and experimental activities in the field and demonstrate dramatic progress in understanding of the phenomenon of superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional nanostructures.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the domain wall dynamics induced by an electric current, based on the s − d exchange model, and derived coupled equations of motion derived for two collective coordinates.

TL;DR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) cryoporometry is a technique for non-destructively determining pore size distributions in porous media through the observation of the depressed melting point of a confined liquid.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of general-relativistic dynamics and perturbations of the standard cosmological model, the Friedmann-Lemaitre universe, and how these can explain and predict the properties of the observable universe is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the International Linear Collider (ILC) is used for discovering physics beyond the Standard Model and for unraveling the structure of the underlying physics, and the physics return can be maximized by the use of polarized beams.

TL;DR: How certain complexity barriers have been surmounted using newly applied theoretical concepts such as aging, renewal, non-ergodic statistics and the fractional calculus is reviewed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a self-contained and pedagogical manner, recent developments and techniques for the evaluation of scattering amplitudes of planar N = 4 SYM theory at both weak and strong coupling are reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, a wide range of oxygen-containing molecules following impact with electrons of carefully controlled energy is critically reviewed, ranging from diatomics, like O_2 and CO, to large molecules of biological and technological interest.

TL;DR: In recent years, there has been some progress in understanding how one might model the interactions of branes in M-theory despite not having a fundamental perturbative description.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a many-body theory for composite bosons made of two fermions, which allows the treatment of interactions between composite quantum particles, while dealing with their underlying fermionic components exactly.

TL;DR: In this article, the prospective implications for Supersymmetry of present and future low energy precision studies are discussed, as well as a review of the current state of the art.

TL;DR: The derivation of the Burnett equations is considered from several theoretical approaches in this paper, in particular the Chapman-Enskog, Grad's method, and Truesdell's approach for solving the Boltzmann equation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the scientific opportunities for an upgraded RHIC facility, RHIC II, in conjunction with improved capabilities of the two large RHIC detectors, PHENIX and STAR.