Showing papers in "Physics Reports in 2011"

TL;DR: In this article, the structure and cosmological properties of a number of modified theories, including traditional F (R ) and Hořava-Lifshitz F ( R ) gravity, scalar-tensor theory, string-inspired and Gauss-Bonnet theory, non-local gravity, nonminimally coupled models, and power-counting renormalizable covariant gravity are discussed.

TL;DR: Extended Theories of Gravity as discussed by the authors can be considered as a new paradigm to cure shortcomings of General Relativity at infrared and ultraviolet scales, which is an approach that, by preserving the undoubtedly positive results of Einstein's theory, is aimed to address conceptual and experimental problems recently emerged in astrophysics, cosmology and High Energy Physics.

TL;DR: In this article, the nuclear forces emerge from low-energy QCD via chiral eective theory, and the authors provide considerable detailed information for the benet of researchers who wish to start working in this field.

TL;DR: In this article, the sensitivity of a state with respect to SU(2) rotations is analyzed for both entanglement detection and high-precision metrology, and various definitions of spin squeezing parameters are presented.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the physics basis, main features and use of general-purpose Monte Carlo event generators for the simulation of proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of spin-wave properties and properties is presented, where the crucial parameters to realize free Bloch states and how, by contrast, a controlled localization might allow us to gradually turn on and manipulate spinwave interactions in spinwave based devices in the future.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the physical properties of nanoresonator-based molecular detection at the nanoscale, focusing on issues of special relevance to the dynamic behavior of micro/nanoresonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection.

TL;DR: In this paper, the particle theory origin of inflation and curvaton mechanisms for generating large scale structures and the observed temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation are reviewed.

TL;DR: Continuous-time quantum walks (CTQW) as mentioned in this paper have been applied to transport in various systems, such as long-range interactions, static disorder, and trap networks.

TL;DR: A review of the operational methods that have been developed for analyzing stochastic data in time and scale can be found in this paper, where a basic ingredient of the approach to the analysis of fluctuating data is the presence of a Markovian property, which can be detected in real systems above a certain time or length scale.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed approaches to enhanced light extraction grouped into two sets depending on whether their application results in the change in the spontaneous emission rate or the angular distribution, or both.

TL;DR: In this article, a brief review discusses electronic properties of mesoscopic graphene-based structures, including edges, nanoribbons, quantum dots, pn-junctions, pnp-structures, and quantum barriers and waveguides.

TL;DR: In this article, the major findings which have been consolidated from a broad variety of existing experiments and, at the same time, the main computational approaches which describe the extent of molecular damage following the initial electron attachment process are presented.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of map-based biological neuron models is presented, stressing the similarities and differences, both among them and in relation to continuous-time models; exploring their behavior in networks; and examining their wide-ranging possibilities of application in computational neuroscience.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of laser-matter interactions is presented, with a broad range of intensities from those inducing subtle atomic excitations (∼1010 W/cm2) up to high intensity when solid is swiftly transformed into hot and dense plasma.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors revisited the overprotective seer parable of Ernst Specker and used it as an entree to three central concepts in quantum foundations: contextuality, Bell-nonlocality, and complementarity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an organized summary of the theoretical and computational results available for polymers subject to spatial or topological constraints, and a number of selected open problems are highlighted.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a review of recent quantitative fractography experiments and provide a unified theoretical framework to describe the failure of homogeneous materials, understanding and modeling the mechanical properties of heterogeneous media continue to raise significant fundamental challenges.

TL;DR: In this article, the physical properties of rod-like or wire-like inorganic nanoparticles are described, where the shape of the nanoparticles evolves from spherical to rodlike.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give an overview of theoretical methods used to analyze the transport properties of metal-molecular junctions as well as some relevant experiments and applications and introduce a Hamiltonian which can be used to analyse electron-electron, electron-phonon and spin-orbit interactions.

TL;DR: In the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in the analysis of energy level spectra and wave functions of nuclei, particles, atoms and other quantum many-body systems by means of statistical methods and random matrix ensembles as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: This review shows that when using concepts, methodologies, numerical and experimental techniques coming from statistical mechanics and nonlinear physics combined with wavelet-based multi-scale signal processing, this work is able to decipher the multi- scale sequence encoding of chromatin condensation–decondensation mechanisms that play a fundamental role in regulating many molecular processes involved in nuclear functions.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the soliton stability and stability in the context of supercritical bifurcations of solitons is presented, where the main attention is paid to the universality of soliton behavior and stability.

TL;DR: In this paper, Schnabl's construction of the tachyon vacuum solution to bosonic covariant open string field theory and the results that followed are surveyed and some approaches used in the construction of these solutions are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the analytical relations between the methods, this allows comparisons on efficiency and accuracy between them, and also to proceed to precise implementations of these techniques, while most of the methods have been developed for Coulomb interactions, while some analytical details to apply these methods to screened Coulomb (Yukawa interactions), inverse power law and dipolar interactions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the extensive experimental work on the compositional mapping of semiconductor quantum dots and rings and discuss some general trends in this area. But they do not provide a detailed review of the experimental results.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the available kinetic models describing the mRNA, ncRNA and protein interplay is presented, focusing on the simplest models without kinetic feedbacks, models containing feedbacks and predicting bistability and oscillations in simple genetic networks.

TL;DR: In this paper, the most effective methods and concepts for energy analysis and detection, as well as devices for the optimization of electron volt spectrometers for different applications are reported, set in the context of the progress made up to date in instrument development.

TL;DR: In this article, the spectral and correlation properties of thermally stimulated fields of a system in equilibrium and out of equilibrium with surrounding bodies are described, and a special attention is put to the difference between the spectral properties of the propagating and evanescent waves of the thermally-stimulated fields of solids.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the ongoing search for a signal of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in cosmic rays is presented, focusing on rays of ultra-high energy (UHECRs).