Showing papers in "Physics Reports in 2012"

TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of recent work on modified theories of gravity and their cosmological consequences can be found in this article, where the authors provide a reference tool for researchers and students in cosmology and gravitational physics, as well as a selfcontained, comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the subject as a whole.

TL;DR: In this article, theoretical and phenomenological aspects of two-Higgs-doublet extensions of the Standard Model are discussed and a careful study of spontaneous CP violation is presented, including an analysis of the conditions which have to be satisfied in order for a vacuum to violate CP.

TL;DR: An overview of spinor and dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates is given in this paper, where the symmetry of the order parameter is classified using group theory, and various topological excitations are investigated based on homotopy theory.

TL;DR: The causal dynamical triangulations (CDT) as mentioned in this paper is a formalism of a non-perturbative quantum field theory of gravity via a lattice regularization, and represented as a sum over spacetime histories.

TL;DR: This review advocate some of the computational methods which in this opinion are especially fruitful in extracting information on selected–but at the same time most representative–complex systems like human brain, financial markets and natural language, from the time series representing the observables associated with these systems.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review both theoretical and experimental advances in the recently emerged field of modulated photonic lattices and highlight a new type of modulation-induced light localization based on the defect-free surface waves.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss different techniques for sensitive position detection and give an overview of the cooling techniques that are being employed, including sideband cooling and active feedback cooling, and conclude with an outlook of how state-of-the-art mechanical resonators can be improved to study quantum mechanics.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main ingredients of any transport method using in particular the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) implementation of this theory as an example are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the concepts underpinning the Exact Renormalization Group (ERG) and the circumstances under which it is expected to be useful is presented. But the analysis of properties of exact solutions to flow equations includes a proof that the spectrum of the anomalous dimension at critical fixed-points is quantized.

TL;DR: In this paper, a nonperturbative theory of weak PPS measurements of an arbitrary system with an arbitrary meter, for arbitrary initial states of the system and the meter, is presented.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors overview the field of the dispersion managed solitons starting from mathematical theories of Hamiltonian and dissipative systems and then discuss recent advances in practical implementation of this concept in fibre-optics and lasers.

TL;DR: Several notions of communicability have been introduced and applied to a wide variety of real-world networks in recent years as discussed by the authors, including exponential, resolvent, and hyperbolic functions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the theoretical study of the self-organization of two-dimensional and geophysical turbulent flows, from the statistical mechanics basis of the theory up to applications to Jupiter troposphere and ocean vortices and jets.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that knowledge of many short-distance processes at next-to-leading order may be required to describe the physics of hard scattering at the LHC.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the characteristics of different coupling strategies and scenarios that lead to amplitude death in a variety of different situations, and draw attention to several open issues and challenging problems for further study.

TL;DR: The concept of nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) was introduced in this paper, which is a mathematical concept associated with stationary Markov processes and is applied to stochastic resonance (also known as coherent resonance) and molecular motors.

TL;DR: PdPC with a nonlinear feedback is kinetically isomorphic to a self-regulating gene expression network, hence the theory of NESS discussed here could have wide applications to many other biochemical systems.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the ideas of Gribov and the subsequent construction of the GZ action is given, including many other topics related to the gribov region.

TL;DR: In this paper, a unified view on the problem of Anderson localization in one-dimensional weakly disordered systems with short-range and long-range statistical correlations in random potentials is presented.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the body of available K +, K 0, K −, and Λ data with the IQMD transport code and for some key observables as well with the HSD transport code, finding good agreement for the large majority of the observables.

TL;DR: The leading twist theory of nuclear shadowing was proposed in this article, which is based on the combination of the Gribov-Glauber theory, QCD factorization theorems, and the HERA QCD analysis of diffraction in lepton-proton deep inelastic scattering (DIS).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the computational progress in the field of fully kinematically resolved atomic electron-impact ionisation, and its closely related field of double photoionisation, which has resulted in a deeper understanding of the formalism of Coulomb few-body problems.

TL;DR: A broad review of models for new TeV-scale physics and their LHC signatures is presented in this paper, where the authors discuss possible new physics signatures and describe how they can be linked to specific models of physics beyond the Standard Model.

TL;DR: A review of the existing literature shows that micro-focused hard X-ray spectroscopy (absorption, fluorescence, diffraction), full-field Xray tomography (FTE) and IR spectrograms are the leading synchrotron techniques in the field, and presents illustrative examples of the study of ancient and historical materials for the various methods as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the synchronization of two clocks which are accurate (show the same time) but have pendula with different masses and give evidence that almost antiphase synchronization was observed by Huygens in XVII century.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 2D Burgers equation with long-range 2D hydrodynamic interactions was studied for ensembles of 2D microfluidic droplets, where the authors considered the dynamics of droplets flowing in a 1D crystal, which exhibits unique phonon-like excitations and a variety of nonlinear instabilities.

TL;DR: In this article, the use of the transfer matrix to study propagation in one-dimensional lossless systems, including a variety of examples, such as superlattices, photonic crystals, and optical resonators, is discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of real-time cosmology, analysing both the theoretical framework and some endeavor to foresee the observational strategies and their capability to constrain models, concluding revisiting the effort made to forecast the power of upcoming experiments like CODEX, GAIA and PLANCK in providing these new observational tools.

TL;DR: In this article, the data obtained by both experiments and computer simulations concerning the amorphous nanoparticles for decades including methods of synthesis, characterization, structural properties, atomic mechanism of a glass formation in nanoparticles, crystallization of the amomorphous nanoparticle, physico-chemical properties (i.e., catalytic, optical, thermodynamic, magnetic, bioactivity and other properties) and various applications in science and technology have been reviewed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the development of theoretical models for analyzing the observational consequences of a primordial magnetic field (PMF) and also summarize the current state of the art in the search for observational evidence of a PMF.