Showing papers in "Physics Reports in 2015"

TL;DR: A review of the state of the art in the field of modified gravity can be found in this article, where the authors identify the guiding principles for rigorous and consistent modifications of the standard model, and discuss the prospects for empirical tests.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of major developments in our understanding of gamma-ray bursts, with particular focus on the discoveries made within the last fifteen years when their true nature was uncovered, can be found in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a range of quantum field theoretical phenomena driven by external magnetic fields and their applications in relativistic systems and quasirelativistic condensed matter ones, such as graphene and Dirac/Weyl semimetals, are reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical overview of momentum and angular momentum properties of generic optical fields, and methods for their experimental measurements are discussed, and a comprehensive classification of all known optical angular momenta based on their key parameters and main physical properties is presented.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of bouncing cosmologies can be found in this article, where the authors provide a pedagogical introduction to these problems and also assess the fitness of different proposals with respect to the data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the problem of quantifying the nonuniformity of a state, in particular through the use of generalized entropies, and quantifying a gap between the non-uniformness one must expend to achieve a single-shot state preparation or state conversion and the gap one can extract in the reverse operation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a relativistic light-front wave equation for arbitrary spin with an effective confinement potential derived from a conformal action and its embedding in higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter space is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors classify thermally and non-thermally produced dark matter (DM) models into two broad categories: one involving bosonic coherent motion (BCM) and the other involving WIMPs.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the equivalence between scale invariance and conformal invariance in relativistic quantum field theories in d=2 space-time dimensions and prove that scale invariant quantum field theory in d =2 space time dimensions necessarily possess the enhanced conformal symmetry.

TL;DR: The applications of exchange coupled bi-magnetic hard/soft and soft/hard ferromagnetic core/shell nanoparticles are reviewed in this article, with a brief description of the main synthesis approaches and the structural-morphological characterization.

TL;DR: CPR would like to acknowledge the Royal Society for financial support and European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant NANOPRS, project number 617266) for technical support.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a review of various types of black hole remnants, and provide some new thoughts regarding the challenges that black hole survivors face in the context of the information loss paradox and its latest incarnation, namely the firewall controversy.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of soft-matter systems that are quasi-statically tuned or switched to a new state by applying external external fields is presented, including those that are driven out of their ground state and out of equilibrium.

TL;DR: Recently, the pseudospin symmetry (PSS) was recognized as a relativistic symmetry in atomic nuclei and many new concepts have been introduced as mentioned in this paper, including the spin symmetry (SS) for anti-nucleon.

TL;DR: In this paper, a variety of percolation models have been introduced some of which have completely different scaling and universal properties from the original model with either continuous or discontinuous transitions depending on the control parameter, dimensionality and the type of the underlying rules and networks.

TL;DR: In this article, the main statistical analyses available today to distinguish between these scenarios, categorizing them according to the relevant characteristics, and also considering possible complications such as the subordination of subdiffusive mechanisms.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the state of the art on the intrinsic alignment of galaxies, with a particular emphasis on its large-scale impact on weak lensing measurements and methods for its isolation or mitigation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review recent developments in duality symmetric string theory and describe how spacetime may be extended to accommodate coordinates conjugate to brane wrapping modes and the construction of generalised metrics in this extended space that unite the bosonic fields of supergravity into a single object.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give a balanced account of the experimental and theoretical advances acquired over the last decade in the field of near-barrier fusion reactions induced by weakly bound stable and unstable nuclei.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an in-depth review of the magnetization sign reversal with an up-to-date literature, where the roles of crystal structure, crystallite type (single crystal, bulk polycrystalline, thin film, and nanoparticle), lattice defect, electronic or chemical phase separation, magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic exchange interactions in magnetization reversal are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the state of the art of the theory of exciton-vibrational interaction in molecular aggregates and photosynthetic antenna complexes and put on the discussion of the basic effects of the interaction from the stationary and dynamics points of view.

TL;DR: In this article, the basic tenets and procedures in implementing phonon hydrodynamics in nanoscale heat transport are presented through a review of its recent wide applications in modeling thermal transport properties of nanostructures.

TL;DR: In this article, the tunnelling time has been investigated in the context of ultrafast laser technology to resolve electron dynamics on the attosecond time-scale, which has significant practical implications for how we interpret electron dynamics in physics, chemistry and biology.

TL;DR: In this paper, the theory of quantum fields propagating in an arbitrary, classical, globally hyperbolic spacetime is reviewed, and the Unruh and Hawking effects for free fields, as well as the behavior of free fields in deSitter spacetime and FLRW spacetimes with an exponential phase of expansion are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss current mass and spin measurements and their reliability for neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes, as well as the overall importance of spins and masses for compact object astrophysics.

TL;DR: The Lagrange-mesh method as mentioned in this paper is an approximate variational method taking the form of equations on a grid thanks to the use of a Gauss-quadrature approximation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give basic notions on electromagnetic hadron form factors (FFs), as they are understood at the present time, to summarize and analyze the present experimental results and available theoretical models and to open a view on future perspectives.

TL;DR: Theoretical and time-domain experimental investigations of the vibrational acoustic response of nano-objects focusing on metallic ones are described in this article. But the authors focus on metallic objects.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the current understanding of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background (DGRB), which is what remains of the total measured gamma-ray emission after the subtraction of the resolved sources and of the diffuse Galactic foregrounds.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main theoretical methods and concepts in strong field and attosecond physics were reviewed, and a number of topics including generation of xuv light sources, the probe and steering of the electron motion in the combination of XUV and IR pulses, the photoionization time delay, the electron-electron correlation dynamics in multiple-electRON atoms and molecules, etc.