Showing papers in "Physiology & Behavior in 1994"

TL;DR: In the laboratory, scaling of PROP bitterness led to the identification of a subset of tasters (supertasters) who rate PROP as intensely bitter, and anatomical data support the sex difference; women have more fungiform papillae and more taste buds.

TL;DR: Bitter taste thresholds varied independently of toxicity thresholds, indicating that the bitter rejection response is just as likely to be elicited by a harmless bitter food as it is by a harmful one, and it is not necessarily in an animal's best interest to have an extremely high or low bitter threshold.

TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of other people at a meal increases intake by extending the time spent at the meal, probably as a result of social interaction, and family and friends have an even larger effect, probably by producing relaxation and a consequent disinhibition of restraint on intake.

TL;DR: The relevance of the CMS procedure as a potential animal model of depression is supported, as it confirmed the effect of CMS on sucrose drinking, in both male and female rats.

TL;DR: The increased response in GDX rats appears to be due to the release from androgen receptor mediated inhibition of the HPA axis, and changes in anterior pituitary sensitivity to CRH, nor to changes in type I or type II corticosteroid receptor concentrations.

TL;DR: The results suggest that a severe stressor such as IMO reduces food intake to a certain level that was independent on its daily duration, and after repeated exposure to the same stressor, only a slight tendency to recover normal food intake was observed.

TL;DR: A set of hybrid mice was confronted with five testing situations: responses to a novel object introduced in a familiar environment, responses to novel places, behavior in a light/dark choice situation, on the holeboard, and in an elevated plus maze, where variables from the first two tests were strongly correlated to this factor.

TL;DR: The present study demonstrates that the two behavioral strategies of pigs are characterized by consistent differences in behavioral, physiological, and endocrine responses to conflict situations.

TL;DR: Data show the validity of telemetry as a means of measuring circadian rhythms of blood pressure, heart rate, and behavior in freely moving rats.

TL;DR: The data suggested that the use of WKY rats represented a more sensitive procedure for detecting possible relationships between putative animal models of depressive behavior.

TL;DR: The data suggest that endogenous AVP in the septal brain area is critically involved in the acquisition, storage, and/or recall of olfactory cues in rats.

TL;DR: Investigating the relative importance of fecal pellets deposited by the mother in the nest, prenatal experience in utero, and contact with the mother during nursing in determining pups' later food preference found the three means of transmission were found to be equally effective.

TL;DR: It is suggested that site of tail heating, time of day, and presence of ovarian hormones can influence tail flick latency independently, thus demonstrating the complexity of the mechanisms that may contribute to pain threshold even within the same paradigm.

TL;DR: The anorectic effect of amylin was observed at much lower doses (minimal effective dose: 0.5 microgram/kg) than reported before, and these doses are similar to anorctic doses of cholecystokinin, a physiological peripheral satiety agent.

TL;DR: The changes in AVP-ir fiber density shortly after mating suggest that these fibers may be involved in paternal responsiveness as well as in various other social behaviors that change after mating.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that fructose-conditioned preferences are based primarily on the sugar's palatable taste, while glucose, in contrast, can condition strong preferences based on its taste as well as its postingestive actions.

TL;DR: Cortisol differences between dominant and subordinate female marmosets appear to be associated with differences in reproductive function rather than with social status per se.

TL;DR: The results generally indicate little participation of the neocortex in the instigation of rough-and-tumble play, and the reliable numerical changes that were observed may be explained by apparent motor changes as well as reduced somatosensory sensitivity.

TL;DR: It is suggested that keeping adult male mice in structured cages can result in increased aggression towards intruders, a change in the social organization, and altered endocrine states, depending on the individual dominance position.

TL;DR: The chiral difference between the two wine flavan-3-ol monomers produces a significant difference in temporal perception of bitterness: (-)-epicatechin is significantly more bitter and had significantly longer duration of bitterness than (+)-catechin.

TL;DR: Electrodes, implanted inside the vomeronasal organ capsule of male hamsters, recorded changes in electrical properties accompanying vomer onasal pump activation, which suggest that blood vessels are constricted repetitively by bursts of activity in the vasomotor sympathetic nerves each time the pump is triggered.

TL;DR: The distribution of evoked expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos was immunohistochemically examined in the parabrachial nucleus of water-deprived rats after free ingestion of palatable liquids, after intra-oral infusion of aversive taste solutions including various bitter substances, and after an intraperitoneal injection of LiCl.

TL;DR: The mechanism behind stress-induced hyperthermia in group-housed mice was elucidated and the large intertechnician difference in the mean rectal temperature could be eliminated by training in an identical fixation and handling technique.

TL;DR: The SDN-POA size was significantly and positively correlated with frequency of masculine sexual behavior, as well as preference for a female over a male, in male rats treated perinatally with the aromatase-inhibitor ATD.

TL;DR: The display of erection by rats under the conditions used in these studies satisfies conventional criteria for recognition as psychogenic erections, which are provisionally defined as erections that occur without concurrent somesthetic stimulation.

TL;DR: This first experimental study directed at differentiating between physiological or sensory accounts of the satiation of nondrug cravings, using chocolate craving, indicates no role for pharmacological effects and suggests a role for aroma independent of sweetness, texture, and calories.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the temporal characteristics of the oral perception of menthol solutions and found that the decrease in menthol irritation more closely resembles desensitization than adaptation.

TL;DR: Subjects who reported that they were currently dieting to lose weight displayed impaired performance on a vigilance task and also tended to show poorer immediate memory and longer reaction times, compared with nondieting subjects with low to moderate scores on the restraint factor of the DEBQ.

TL;DR: Discriminant analysis revealed that the performance of the MRL-lpr and MRL +/+ mice differed most profoundly on measures taken in the Porsolt's swim and step-down tests, consistent with the previously proposed notion of increased "timidity" in autoimmune MRL.

TL;DR: Outlier-kindled rats were less anxious than their controls regardless of hemisphere 1 week after their last kindled seizure, pointing to the importance of kindled focus in the amygdala for behavioral effect.