Showing papers in "Physiology & Behavior in 1998"

TL;DR: It is suggested that watching one's heroes win or lose has physiological consequences that extend beyond changes in mood and self-esteem and may also involve physiological processes, including changes in the production of endocrine hormones.

TL;DR: Findings of organ weight changes, enhanced basal CORT, and reduced CORT response to stress in a subgroup of animals are similar to many of the phenomena obtained with other intense, chronic stressors such as subordination, and suggest that repeated predator exposure produces a pattern of intense behavioral and endocrine response that is very slow to habituate.

TL;DR: It is concluded that only protein has a differential short-term satiating effect when incorporated iso-energetically and at a similar energy density into the diet.

TL;DR: The data confirm anecdotal reports of the orexigenic actions of exogenous cannabinoids and suggest a critical role for endogenous cannabinoid systems in the regulation of appetite.

TL;DR: The anxiogenic effect of a subclinical infection in the absence of an overt immunologic response suggests that the direct activation of neural pathways by microorganisms may play a role in behavior.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that prenatal stress can induce long term changes in the sensitivity of the sympathoadrenal system to stress.

TL;DR: Results suggest that the presentation of binaural auditory beats can affect psychomotor performance and mood and this technology may have applications for the control of attention and arousal and the enhancement of human performance.

TL;DR: Results indicate that restricting access to an optional high-fat food, even under nonenergy-deprived conditions, can promote significant increases in the consumption of that food when it subsequently becomes available.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that blockade ofNMDA receptors in rats with MK-801, AP7, or CPP, given 30 min prior to exposure to a cat, prevents the increase in ALB assessed 1 week later, which is consistent with the view that NMDA receptors are involved in initiation, but not maintenance of neural changes mediating lasting increases in anxiety following severe stress.

TL;DR: Zebrafish locomotor activity is regulated by a circadian clock that is temperature compensated, and rhythmicity is most robust at 21 degrees C, this would be the optimal temperature for future studies of the physiological basis of zebrafish behavioral rhythms.

TL;DR: Prenatal stress suppressed immune function and did not alter the distribution of subsets of lymphocytes, in either the spleen or blood, indicating that the reduction in proliferative and cytotoxic activity resulted from functional modifications of effector mechanisms in the cells rather from alterations in their migration between immune compartments.

TL;DR: The present data are consistent with the hypothesis that estrogen regulates PPI through an interaction with the dopaminergic and/or serotonergic systems, and there is evidence for a strong interaction between estrogen and the monoaminergic systems.

TL;DR: Behavioral deficits of corticosterone-treated animals in the two previously used mazes and the Barnes circular platform maze, a test similar in design to the Morris maze, but one that does not require the animal to perform a highly stressful swim, are investigated.

TL;DR: There is a gender-specific nociceptive response induced by repeated restraint stress with a hyperalgesic effect in response to stress only in males, suggesting that acute restraint stress induces an analgesic response in both male and female rats.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of environmental enrichment on physiological responses to stressors and behavior in growing pigs were studied, and pigs were housed in either a poor environment (standard farrowing pens followed by standard rearing and fattening pens) or in an enriched environment (larger farrowing pen followed by larger rearing/fattening pen, provision of straw) during baseline conditions and in response to relocation, isolation and restraint.

TL;DR: It is suggested that flight and freezing are the major defensive behaviors reduced in Swiss mice and that these reductions allow the appearance of higher levels of additional defensive behaviors in the laboratory animals.

TL;DR: Mixing appeared to increase glucose and total protein values and to decrease alkaline phosphatase and cortisol levels in both, dominant and subordinate pigs and mitogen induced cell proliferation seems to be a valuable marker for acute social stress in pigs.

TL;DR: The data indicate that integrity of the left lateral amygdala is necessary for potentiation of startle amplitude by predator stress, though NMDA receptors are not involved in this function, and MK-801, given systemically 30 min prior to exposure to a cat, blocked the effects of predator stress on risk assessment.

TL;DR: Ultrasonic vocalizations were tape recorded from five pairs of copulating mice and subjected to spectrographic analysis and found that when the male was devocalized, few calls were detected, regardless of whether the female was able to call.

TL;DR: The aims of the present investigation were to estimate IT and lag, to quantify the effect of motor activity on body temperature at different times of the day, and to draw temperature curves that are closer to the endogenous one.

TL;DR: There is a circadian regulation of basal blood glucose and feeding-induced insulin responses, which is independent of the temporal distribution of feeding activity.

TL;DR: It is concluded that central projections of the PVN modulate maternal aggression during a restricted period after delivery, only when lactating females show naturally high levels of aggressive behaviors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the ambient temperature (Ta) to house and study laboratory rodents is critical for nearly all biomedical studies, and the ideal Ta for housing rodents and other animals should be based on their thermoregulatory requirements.

TL;DR: The effects of previous social experience on the levels of anxiety in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and whether the response of males in the EPM differs in relation to the different social status are investigated.

TL;DR: It was determined that the MSSP has strong test-retest reliability for overall fat and other macronutrient intake and total caloric intake, and that this instrument can identify individuals who differ markedly in fat intake or could detect changes in fat preference within subjects.

TL;DR: Sudden darkness emerges as an experimental tool to simultaneously test physiologically-induced increases in spontaneous motor activity and decreases in anxiety and suggests it diminishes habituation, fear, and anxiety.

TL;DR: The results show that heifers perceive the state of increased stress of conspecifics and become more fearful as a result and that this perception is at least partly mediated by olfactory cues in the urine.

TL;DR: The data suggest that acute and chronic stressful conditions may not necessarily result in similar effects on immune functioning, and should be considered when evaluating the biologic and evolutionary consequences of social stress-induced immune alterations.

TL;DR: Isobolar analysis revealed a marked synergy between amylIn and CCK-8 in reducing food intake, such that statistically ineffective doses of amylin andCCK, when combined, evoked near-maximal inhibition of food intake.

TL;DR: The results showed that in terms of coping style, LFP chickens are passive, whereas HFP birds are active.