Showing papers in "Phytochemistry in 2005"

TL;DR: The biosynthesis of flavones in plants was found to be catalyzed by two completely different flavone synthase proteins (FNS), a unique feature within the flavonoids, which makes these compounds valuable targets for drug design, including recombinant DNA approaches.

TL;DR: It is suggested that presence of the A-type linkage in cranberry proanthocyanidins may enhance both in vitro and urinary bacterial anti-adhesion activities and aid in maintaining urinary tract health.

TL;DR: Results relevant to the correlation of circular dichroic data and the absolute configuration of the diastereoisomers of some of the above classes of compounds will be discussed.

TL;DR: It has been shown that PAs account for a major fraction of flavonoids ingested in the US diet and infants and children appear to ingest more PAs than adults on the basis of body weight.

TL;DR: Besides their fundamental activities, remarkable biological and pharmacological activities of various potencies have also been found, including, amongst others, inhibition of lipid-peroxidation, mutagenicity of carcinogens and tumor promotion, host-mediated antitumor effects specific to particular tannin structures, antiviral activity and potentiation of antibacterial activity.

TL;DR: This work reviews the structures of proanthocyanidins reported over the past 12 years in the context of biosynthesis, and summarizes the outstanding questions concerning synthesis from the chemical, biochemical and molecular genetic perspectives.

TL;DR: Histochemical and TEM analysis revealed that suberin depositions were localized to the cell walls in the endodermis of primary roots and the periderm of mature roots of Arabidopsis, indicating thatArabidopsis roots can serve as a model for suberized tissue in general.

TL;DR: The Uncaria genus is an important source of medicinal natural products, particularly alkaloids and triterpenes as discussed by the authors, and the most recent developments in the ethnobotany, pharmacology and phytochemistry of this genus are covered in this review.

TL;DR: The quantitative and qualitative variability in floral scent of 98 specimens of the dioecious species Silene latifolia belonging to 15 European and 19 North American populations was determined and the results are compared with other studies investigating intraspecific variability of flower scent.

TL;DR: The data from functional bioassays suggested that the effects of polyphenols on intracellular Leishmania parasites were due to macrophage activation rather than direct antiparasitic activity, which provides the basis for an immunological concept of plantpolyphenols for their beneficial effects in various infectious conditions.

TL;DR: Five alkaloids (oleraceins A, B, C, D and E) were isolated from Portulaca oleracea L., and their structures determined by spectroscopic methods as 5-hydroxy-1-p-coumaric acyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 5- hydroxy-1

TL;DR: Postulates that had been formulated already decades ago were proven by the purification of a new laccase-like phenol oxidase from leaves of fringe cups that regio- and stereospecifically oxidized pentagallyoylglucose to the monomeric ellagitannin, tellimagrandin II.

TL;DR: Variations in the lipid composition of the marine red alga Tichocarpus crinitus exposed to different levels of photon irradiance may be a response of alga to light conditions and it can be considered as one of the mechanisms of adaptation of T. cr initus to varying incident light intensity.

TL;DR: Using techniques previously employed to identify ginger constituents in fresh organically grown Hawaiian white and yellow ginger varieties, partially purified fractions derived from the silica gel column chromatography and HPLC of a methylene chloride extract of commercially processed dry ginger were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

TL;DR: The addition of Si significantly decreased lipid peroxidation caused by excess Mn, inhibited the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms, and improved plant growth.

TL;DR: The health-promoting prebiotic effects of artichoke inulin were demonstrated in an extensive microbiological study showing a long lasting bifidogenic effect on Bifidobacteriumbifidum ATCC 29521 cultures and also in mixed cultures of colonic bacteria.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the induction of oxidative stress is a main process underlying arsenic toxicity in plants and this work will help scientists better understand plant responses to arsenic.

TL;DR: Results demonstrate that large heterogeneity occurs in degree of polymerization, intermolecular bonds, pattern of hydroxylation, and substitution with monosaccharides and gallic acid.

TL;DR: Assuming that the vitisin A derivatives display similar biological properties to their parent anthocyanins, their enhanced gastrointestinal stability could lead to enhanced bioavailability and bio-effectiveness in vivo.

TL;DR: Results provide evidence for an antioxidant mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of cat's claw and support some of the biological effects of proanthocyanidins, more exactly its antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.

TL;DR: Phylogenetic analyses of NCS, berberine bridge enzyme and several O-methyltransferases suggest a latent molecular fingerprint for BIA biosynthesis in angiosperms not known to accumulate such alkaloids, and support the monophyletic origin of Bia biosynthesis prior to the emergence of the eudicots

TL;DR: This work represents the first empirical study concerning the influence of abiotic factors on volatile emissions from apple trees in situ and indicates that drought can result in higher formation of secondary metabolites.

TL;DR: The chemical composition of olibanum, which is demonstrated to be different for each Boswellia species, allowed the determination of the taxonomic origin of frankincense samples purchased on various markets in East Africa, in the Near East and in Yemen.

TL;DR: Aloe-emodin, an anthraquinone, and several licorice flavonoids showed potent antibacterial effects against MRSA, and theasinensin A, a polyphenol formed from (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and polymeric proanthocyanidins obtained from fruits of Zizyphus jujuba var.

TL;DR: The pathways used by plant pathogenic fungi to metabolize and detoxify phytoalexins are reviewed and prospects for application of recent findings are discussed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the essential oils could be safely used as preservative materials on some kinds of foods at low concentrations to protect them from fungal infections.

TL;DR: A benzoisofuranone derivative and a dimeric carbazole alkaloid, 3,3'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis(9-methoxy-9H-carbazole), along with six known carbazoles alkaloids and three known steroids were isolated from the stem bark of Murraya koenigii.

TL;DR: Results suggest that the metabolic engineering of E. senticosus to enhance production of phytosterols and triterpenoids by introducing the PgSS1 gene was successfully achieved by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.

TL;DR: Compound 8 and pentacyclic triterpenes 9-15 possessing a carboxylic acid functionality at C-28 showed significant cytotoxic activities against the aforementioned cell lines and gave IC50 values in the range 4.0-9.4 microM.

TL;DR: A more detailed investigation of carrot root tissues revealed that the biosynthesis of terpenes is mainly localized in the phloem, Nevertheless, in xylem a de novo-biosynthesis ofTerpenes was detectable as well, even in the absence of oil ducts in this tissue.