Showing papers in "Phytochemistry in 2009"

TL;DR: This review covers the monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthases presenting an up-to-date list of enzymes reported and evidence for their ability to form multiple products.

TL;DR: The majority of human epidemiological and intervention studies demonstrate beneficial effects of green tea or green tea extracts, rich in EGCG on weight management, glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors.

TL;DR: Recent advances in induced defense signaling research revealed regulators of ISR and suggest a model in which (JA)-related transcription factors play a central role in establishing the primed state.

TL;DR: The results provide a framework for understanding how plants recognize and respond to tissue injury and identify bioactive JAs in distinct cell autonomous and non-autonomous pathways.

TL;DR: This review will combine an analysis of microarray data with information available on protein and enzyme activity patterns in grapes and other fruits, to explore pathways through which malate is conditionally metabolised, and how these may be controlled in response to developmental and climatic changes.

TL;DR: Recent insights into the structure, function, and regulation of the enzymes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis help to explain how this variety of bioactive compounds is generated while specificity is maintained.

TL;DR: This review aims at giving an overview of concepts explaining the catalytic mechanism of LOXs as well as the different regio- and stereo-specificities of these enzymes.

TL;DR: Modelling and biochemical characterisation of IGLs reveal that the catalytic properties of the enzyme can easily be modified by mutation and independent evolution can be assumed for the BX1 function in dicots and Poaceae.

TL;DR: The current understanding of the GA biosynthesis pathway is summarized, specifically the genes and enzymes involved as well as gene regulation and localization in the genomes of different fungi and compare it with that in higher and lower plants and bacteria.

TL;DR: The first prenyltransferase gene SfN8DT-1 from Sophora flavescens is succeeded in identifying, which is responsible for thePrenylation of the flavonoid naringenin at the 8-position, and is specific for flavanones and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as substrates.

TL;DR: The current view is that only a few enzymes had to be "invented" for rosmarinic acid biosynthesis probably on the basis of genes needed for the formation of chlorogenic and caffeoylshikimic acid while further biosynthetic steps might have been recruited from phenylpropanoid metabolism, tocopherol/plastoquinone biosynthesis and photorespiration.

TL;DR: The accuracy and utility of UGT structures obtained by homology modeling are discussed and quantitative assessments of model quality are performed by modeling of a plant UGT for which the 3D crystal structure is known to conclude thathomology modeling offers a high degree of accuracy.

TL;DR: The Direct Binding Assay established that flavonoids from the elderberry extract bind to H1N1 virions and, when bound, block the ability of the viruses to infect host cells.

TL;DR: It is concluded that artemisinin biosynthesis is taking place in the two outer apical cells while the two pairs of chloroplast-containing cells have other functions in the overall metabolism of glandular trichomes.

TL;DR: The concept of reversible conjugation of auxins and cytokinins suggests that under changeable environmental, developmental or physiological conditions these compounds can be a source of free hormones.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the altered sucrose flux induced by the drought stress is partly responsible for the changes in gene expression, which could be useful in the development of potato varieties with enhanced health and nutritional benefits.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the modification of lipid composition could affect membrane stability and the abundance or activity of plasma membrane proteins such as aquaporins or H(+)-ATPase, which would provide a mechanism for controlling water permeability and for acclimation to salinity stress.

TL;DR: An overview of promoter sequences and transcription factors involved in jasmonate-responsive gene expression with the most important components summarized here is presented.

TL;DR: This work attempts to provide a synthesis of research in this field as well as re-evaluating the role of this metabolite in mediating guard cell function by cloning and functional analysis of enzymes and transporters associated with malate metabolism.

TL;DR: Functional diversification of JAZ proteins by alternative splicing, together with the ability of J AZ proteins to homo- and heterodimerize, provide mechanisms to enhance combinatorial diversity and versatility in gene regulation by JA.

TL;DR: The action of jasmonates will be discussed in terms of the initial signal exchange between symbionts and in the resulting plant signaling cascade common for nodulation and mycorrhization, and the putative role of jAsmonates in the autoregulation of the endosymbioses will be outlined.

TL;DR: Five terpenes, the diterpenes: 14,15-dinor-13-oxo- 8(17)-labden-19-oic acid and a mixture of labda-8(17),13E-dien- 19-carboxy-15-yl oleate and palmitate as well as the triterpened compounds were isolated from Cretan propolis showing a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

TL;DR: An overview of currently available software that aids either in peak identification or in the related field of peak alignment as well as those with utility in defining structural information of compounds and metabolic pathways are presented.

TL;DR: Different signalling mechanisms and signal transduction components identified in plants and non-plant organisms as well as putative functions of RES oxylipins are discussed.

TL;DR: The structural features of laminarans and galactofucans extracted from the brown seaweed Saccharina longicruris were determined for four harvest periods and an important variation in the amount of L-fucose and D-galactose was observed for crude and fractionated galact ofucans.

TL;DR: The jasmonates are anti-cancer agents that exhibit selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, and thus present hope for the development of cancer therapeutics.

TL;DR: The RdCCD1 transcript was present predominantly in rose flower, where high levels of volatile C(13)-norisoprenoids are produced, and the accumulation of C(14) dialdehyde and two C( 13) products, which vary depending on the carotenoid substrates.

TL;DR: The identification of a CK-activating enzyme, LOG, which catalyzes a novel activation pathway, is a remarkable recent achievement in CK research and reveals the complexity of the entire metabolic scheme for CK biosynthesis.

TL;DR: Investigations of how JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins bind to COI1 and facilitate jasmonate perception have relied on the jai3 mutant, on JAZDeltaJas constructs, and on site-specific mutations in the Jas and ZIM domains of these proteins.

TL;DR: Two aromatic butenolides, aspernolides A and B along with the known metabolites, butyrolactone I, terrein and physcion were isolated from the fermentation broth of a soft coral derived fungus Aspergillus terreus and exhibited mild cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines.